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Skin changes in the neck and selenium content in patients with thyroid diseases

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Dziemianowicz M., Markiewicz-Żukowska R., Socha K., Soroczyńska J., Borawska M.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2014
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vol. 4
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issue 2
31-36
EN
Purpose: Occurrence of skin changes, in the form of discolouration on neck and in form of a so-called ”thyroid shadow”, was observed in patients with: Hashimoto’s disease, Graves´ disease, struma nodosa euthyrotica or hyperthyreosis. Effects of selenium status and smoking on the risk of those skin changes were investigated. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 267 patients with different kinds of thyroid disease. The control group included 34 healthy people. Selenium concentrations in serum were determined by electrothermal absorption spectrometry method. Results: Thyroid shadow was observed in 70 percent of the subject. Selenium levels in serum were lower in patients with thyroid disease (65.051±16.70 µg/L), especially in smokers (62.477±15.21 µg/L) than in the control group (75.162±19.92 µg/L). Conclusions: Thyroid shadow syndrome would be the diagnostic signal of thyroid diseases, especially Hashimoto disease. Selenium status is important in the studied thyroid diseases. Cigarette smoking decreases the concentration of selenium in the serum of patients with thyroid diseases.
2
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Can the effects of chromium compounds exposure be modulated by vitamins and microelements?

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Sijko M., Janasik B., Wąsowicz W., Kozłowska L.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2021
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vol. 34
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issue 4
461-490
EN
Chromium (Cr) is a very common element. It occurs in 2 oxidation states, Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Although Cr(III) is not considered an element essential for mammals, it raises lots of controversy due to its role in the body. While Cr(III) action should be considered an effect of pharmacological action, Cr(VI) is included in the first group of carcinogens for humans. Moreover, it induces numerous pathological changes in the respiratory, urinary, reproductive and digestive systems. In addition, Cr(VI) is used in many industry branches, causing millions of workers all over the world to be exposed to Cr(VI) compounds. A considerable number of the occupationally exposed individuals are in favor of a deep analysis of the mechanisms of Cr(VI) action and a search for a way to reduce its negative impact on the human body. Numerous reactive oxygen species inducing oxidative stress and causing various damage are produced during Cr(VI) reduction in the cells. A good balance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants can reduce Cr(VI)-induced damage. The influence of vitamins and microelements on the adverse Cr(VI) effects has no systematic research results summary. Therefore, this work focuses on the role of dietary antioxidants such as vitamins and microelements in the prevention of Cr(VI) adverse health effects. Numerous studies have revealed a protective influence of vitamins (mainly vitamins E and C) as well as microelements (especially selenium) on the reduction of Cr(VI)-induced adverse changes. A potential protective effect of these ingredients may be useful in occupational groups that are particularly exposed to Cr(VI). However, more research in this area is required.
3
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Revision of reciprocal action of mercury and selenium

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Kuraś R., Janasik B., Wąsowicz W., Stanisławska M.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2018
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vol. 31
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issue 5
575-592
EN
Diverse forms of mercury (Hg) have various effects on animals and humans because of a variety of routes of administration. Inorganic mercury (iHg) binds to thiol groups of proteins and enzymes in one’s body or is methylated by microorganisms. Organic form of Hg, contrary to the iHg, is more stable but may be demethylated to Hg2+ in the tissue of intestinal flora. Selenium (Se) also occurs in a variety of chemical forms in one’s body but both of these elements behave very differently from one another. Mercury binding to selenide or Se-containing ligands is a primary molecular mechanism that reduces toxicity of Hg. Complexes formed in such a way are irreversible, and thus, biologically inactive. Se deficiency in a human body may impair normal synthesis of selenoproteins and its expression because expression of mRNA may be potentially regulated by the Se status. This paper provides a comprehensive review concerning Hg–Se reciprocal action as a potential mechanism of protective action of Se against Hg toxicity as well as a potential detoxification mechanism. Although interactions between Hg–Se have been presented in numerous studies concerning animals and humans, we have focused mainly on animal models so as to understand molecular mechanisms responsible for antagonism better. The review also investigates what conclusions have been drawn by researchers with respect to the chemical species of Se and Hg (and their relationship) in biological systems as well as genetic variations and expression and/or activity of selenoproteins related to the thioredoxin (thioredoxin Trx/TrxR) system and glutathione metabolism. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(5):575–592
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Investigation of microelements contents in aerial parts of Agrimonia eupatoria L., collected in Lviv region (Ukraine)

75%
Lysiuk R., Zaritska Y., Darmohray R.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae
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2016
EN
The genus Agrimonia L. of the family Rosaceae Juss. is known to include valuable medicinal plants. Agrimony is well known for its beneficial effects in various diseases such as liver complaints, gall-bladder stones; diarrhea, edemas and kidney ailments. The contents of microelements in aerial parts of Agrimonia eupatoria, an official herbal drug, collected from wild samples in the suburb of Lviv city, Western Ukraine, have been determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomization (ААС/ЕА) on VARIAN AA 240Z after mineralization in the microwave Milestone Start D. The found quantities of trace elements in the analyzed samples were as follows: manganese – 46.9 µg/g, copper – 7.9 µg/g, selenium – 0.16 µg/g, lead – 0.15 µg/g, cadmium – 0.05 µg/g. The received research outcomes were compared with results of other known scientific investigations of the medicinal plant material. The determined amounts of lead and cadmium in the investigated samples of the herbal drug complied with the World Health Organization (WHO) requirements. The special attention is paid for pharmacological effects, related to its renal impact, contents of selenium and phenolic compounds that allows considering the herbal drug as a promising nephroprotective agent.
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