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1

The constitutional conditions for creation of professional self-governments

100%
Smarż J.
Studia Prawnicze
|
2013
|
issue 3 (195)
5-40
EN
Self-governments of professions of public trust are empowered in the Constitution, where it derives its rank. Empowerment of activities of Professional self-government is therefore a very strong and unique. Article 17 of the Constitution establishes two types of self-governments. The legal situation of both types of local government referred in Art. 17 of the Constitution is not identical. Art. 17 Par. 1 of the Constitution shows the basic objectives of the functioning of professional self-governments and „the other types of self-government”, which states in Art.17 Par. 2, does not ascribe objectives, while establishes the limits of their influence. These self-governments cannot in any way infringe the freedom to practice the profession or limit the freedom to undertake economic activity. These reservations do not extend, however, to professional self-governments representing the professions of public trust, which may, in some cases even be limited to a certain extent the freedom of the profession or business for the purposes for which they have been implementing. The essence of the professional self-government mentioned in Art. 17 par. 1 of the Constitution is the exercise by a separate entity, in the limits set by law, a public authority. This is possible by giving him a personality of public law and equipping it with powers to exercise part of the public authority, which can perform without management and another entity interference, such as the state. However, staying under control in this independent action with the authorization of their authority. That relative independence from the state union of professional self- governments and their powers mean that they act as an intermediary between the state and the people performing specific professions, limited direct impact of the administration on certain professional groups.
2
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Działania samorządów terytorialnych na rzecz mniejszości narodowych zamieszkujących wschodnią Polskę (aspekty historyczne i prawne)

100%
Kisiel R., Nurkiewicz J.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
|
2016
|
vol. 2
121-133
EN
The cultural diversity and related diversity of the national population within the country have been and probably will be important in shaping the history of the state. Through the diversity of this phenomenon, wanting to discuss the current situation of national minori- ties in Eastern Poland, the division of work on thematic chapters has been made. The purpose of this article is to present the activity of local government authorities for national minorities in Eastern Poland. This work was divided into two sections: theoretical and empirical parts. In the theoretical part, the Polish literature (including publications of minorities associations) and legislation have been used. In the empirical part the results of a survey that was carried out on a sample of 200 respondents have been used. The aim of the research was to identify the situation of the representatives from national minorities from Eastern Poland and also the achievement of the State policy for improvement the living conditions of these groups.
3
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Experiences od open and closed list local taxes in Hungary with special regard to the effects of the COVID19 pandemic

88%
Bordás P.
Review of European and Comparative Law
|
2022
|
vol. 50
|
issue 3
181-199
EN
Local taxes account for a significant share of the revenue of Hungarian local governments. In the system developed after the transition to democracy in 1990, local governments were granted the right to set a tax on a closed list, which was supplemented in 2015 by a right to set a tax on an open list. In the case of traditional local taxes, the tax capacity of local government differs greatly, that generates a significant issue in the self-government system. In addition, we can see differences within local taxes, as the role of the business tax is much stronger than other taxes. Dealing with the different resource-generating capabilities that are essential to provide public tasks of the same quality is a systemic regulatory problem. With the introduction of the settlement tax in 2015, Hungarian self-government expected to be able to increase their own revenues and thus their financial independence. But it soon became apparent that in practice there were several regulatory obstacles to achieving this, so the hopes diminished. By now, it has also become clear that the settlement tax did not introduce a significant change in this area, even more, it has damaged the previous revenue structure. The measures adopted during the pandemic in the past year and a half required new regulatory solutions, that also affected the system of local taxes.
4
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The voluntary activity of students and doctoral students in self-governments and university organizations on the basis of the regulations of the Law on Higher Education and Science Act

63%
Gajewski P. M.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
|
2021
|
vol. 19
|
issue 4
19-30
PL
W niniejszym artykule Autor opisuje swoje badania naukowe dotyczące sytuacji prawnej form organizacyjnych za pomocą których studenci i doktoranci mogą prowadzić dobrowolną działalność w oparciu o strukturę organizacyjną uczelni wyższej, a w szczególności dotyczące prawotwórczej działalności organizacji skupiających studentów albo doktorantów. Metodami badawczymi użytymi przez Autora były analiza krytyczna oraz analiza lingwistyczna przepisów ustawy – Prawo o szkolnictwie wyższym i nauce, oraz orzecznictwo sądowe Ponadto, Autor podjął próbę rozwiązania kwestii dotyczącej możliwości międzyuczelnianej działalności uczelnianych organizacji studenckich celem dokonania badań na temat możliwości organizowania wspólnych organizacji międzyuczelnianych organizacji studenckich.
EN
In this article the author describes his research regarding the legal situation of organisational forms by means of which students and doctoral students may carry out voluntary activities based on the organisational structure of a higher education institution, and in particular regarding the law-forming activities of organisations associating students or doctoral students. The research methods used by the Author were critical analysis and linguistic analysis of the provisions of the Law on Higher Education and Science Act, as well as statements of doctrine and court rulings. In addition, the author attempted to solve the issue of the possibility of intercollegiate student organizations.
5
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Lokalne sfery publiczne a przemiany kompetencji obywatelskiej

45%
Cichocki R.
Eastern Review
|
2018
|
vol. 7
87-104
RU
Отправной точкой настоящей статьи является концепция гражданской компетентности, разработанная Робертом Далем. На современном этапе принимается концептуализация данного понятия, основанная на четырех аспектах: а) познавательный аспект, б) оценочный аспект, в) нормативный аспект, г) исполнительный аспект. Настоящая статья является проектом имплементации указанной концепции, являясь в то же самое время предложением для локальных и региональных сообществ, которое позволит повысить гражданскую компетентность населения.
EN
The starting point for the present research paper is the concept of civic competence, which was originally formulated by R. Dahl. In the adopted model civic competence is viewed as a four-dimensional construct consisting of: cognitive competence, evaluative competence, normative competence and causative competence. The article comprises a project of implementation of this concept for the purpose of conducting research on local and regional communities as well as well as showing the possible ways of operationalization of the concept of civic competence.
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