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EN
Functions of “words-phantoms” in authoritarian propagandistic discourse and specificity of their usage in messages of Ukrainian authorities have been analyzed in the article. It has been demonstrated on examples of comparative analysis of the Soviet Agitation and Propaganda Department and genres of official appeals of President of Ukraine that the domination of such lexical means of propagandistic influence makes the authority discourse deprived of sense and ruins communication between authorities and people.
EN
The aim of this paper is to conduct an exploratory study and compare the development of pointing and its specific use as self-reference in French sign language (LSF) with the development of pointing and self reference in French. Personal reference is expressed through nominal expressions and pronouns in French. In LSF, the signs used for personal reference have the same form as pointing gestures, which are present in children’s communication system from the age of 10-11 months (Bates et. al 1977, Clark 1978). Continuity between pointing gestures and signs is questioned by Bellugi & Klima (1981) and Petitto (1986), who indicate that signing children’s pre-linguistic pointing gestures are different from signs and correspond to two distinct categories: indexical and symbolic. We present arguments for a continuity hypothesis between pointing gestures and signs. We coded two longitudinal datasets of a French-speaking child and a French Sign Language signing child aged seven months to three years, filmed at home with their mothers once a month. Our analyses enabled us to underline the continuity between the deaf child’s pointing gestures and their incorporation as markers of personal reference into the child’s sign language system.
EN
There are proposed two simple formal descriptions of the notion of God’s omnipotence which are inspired by formalizations of C. Christian and E. Nieznański. Our first proposal is expressed in a modal sentential language with quantifires. The second one is formulated in first order predicate language. In frame of the second aproach we admit using self- referential expressions. In effect we link our considerations with so called paradox of God’s omnipotence and reconstruct some argumentation against the possibility of reference God’s omnipotence to a lack of itself.
Stylistyka
|
2010
|
vol. 19
343-354
EN
The text consists of two parts: the first is longer and concems the much discussed links between the grammar of natural language and logie, the second - the existence o f surprising geometrical objects called fractals. The coda presents the link between the objects mentioned in the title.
EN
This paper is an addendum to [Tsohatzidis, 2013]
EN
This paper argues that a certain type of self-referential sentence falsifies the widespread assumption that a declarative sentence’s meaning is identical to its truth condition. It then argues that this problem cannot be assimilated to certain other problems that the assumption in question is independently known to face.
EN
This text analyses the Homek magazine published by Ruch Społeczeństwa Alternatywnego (RSA) [Alternative Society Movement] – a community of people with neoanarchist views first co-creating the underground Solidarność and later functioning independently. Homek, as an underground newspaper, was initially published bi-weekly, then monthly and later irregularly. This article focuses on, firstly, the RSA community’s position on hostile attitudes (including the so-called hate speech) and, secondly, on the use of the term walka [fight] as what we believe to have been a self-creation device.
EN
The aim of this paper is to define and to analyse the fantastic universe of short stories by Manuel Baixauli published in the volume Espiral (2010), an original and highly significant example of modern fantastic literature that has abolished the real and imaginary borders, that is to say a significant example of fantastic literature conceived as a language phenomenon. The conception of reality integrates and naturalises the supernatural and the irrational in a vision that joins multiple dimensions and perspectives of reality. The self-referential component is also of essential importance in this fantastic, which assimilates and exhibits themes and motifs of inherited traditions in a fully conscious way. Baixauli reflects on the ways of perception and representation of reality, in a proposal in which he combines elements that come from some forms of genre whithin the fantastic tradition. And he does it with full awareness of the linguistic and cultural condition of the referents he uses, exploring implicit meanings, metaphorical value, expectations they generate, etc. A literature that, from the point of view of fantastic literature, opts for hybridism and self-reference.
EN
The article is an attempt to interpret The Five Obstructions, a film by Lars von Trier and Jørgen Leth that is a documentary record of a real meeting between the two directors, and of the project they undertook. According to plans, Leth was supposed to make five new versions of his film The Perfect Human from 1967. The result of Trier and Leth’s cooperation represents a hybrid of genres, difficult to classify by means of standard categories. Most of all, however, the film is self-referential, and therefore, the article discusses different aspects of documentary work in general, including the originality of a work of art, the issue of difference and repetition, the situation of the creator, and the concept and status of a work of art. Ultimately, the interpreted film provides a potential starting point for formulating a thesis on the documentary as a set of artistic conventions and rules for creatively engaging art and reality.
PL
The article is an attempt to interpret The Five Obstructions, a film by Lars von Trier and Jørgen Leth that is a documentary record of a real meeting between the two directors, and of the project they undertook. According to plans, Leth was supposed to make five new versions of his film The Perfect Human from 1967. The result of Trier and Leth’s cooperation represents a hybrid of genres, difficult to classify by means of standard categories. Most of all, however, the film is self-referential, and therefore, the article discusses different aspects of documentary work in general, including the originality of a work of art, the issue of difference and repetition, the situation of the creator, and the concept and status of a work of art. Ultimately, the interpreted film provides a potential starting point for formulating a thesis on the documentary as a set of artistic conventions and rules for creatively engaging art and reality. 
EN
The aim of the article is to rethink the way in which images convince us to adopt the perspective of another, which is the image itself. Starting from W.J.T. Mitchell’s theory on the desire and subjectivity of images, and Gottfried Boehm’s theory of the imagery, I look at a photographic and narrative album of Gerhard Richter and Alexander Kluge. This turns to itself for self-presentative and self-referential purposes. However, they do not aim to explore the essence of their medium, but “drag” the viewer into or out of the performance. I analyse situations in which we are forced to transfer our gaze to the materiality and objectivity of a picture, to its own existence. Such situations reinforce the effect of compassion, going far beyond literal meanings and content, which can be managed discursively.
EN
The essay consists in a contextual reading of the poem La fama [The fame] by Jorge Luis Borges. First of all, the significance of the library in Borges’s imaginary is introduced. In addition, the article presents some remarks on the Polish translations of La fama and analyses the specific linguistic form of the poem. Special stress is placed on the infinitivo compuesto [compound infinitive] form. The author also comments on the mental and physical activities expressed in infinitives and in mere verbs connected with the concept of fame. What follows is an analysis of the metaphorical sense of literary allusions, including their self-referential aspect as a typical feature of Borges’s writing. In this context, the verse “No haber salido de mi biblioteca” transpires to be the focal point of the poem and the key to its interpretation. The article closes with an explanation of the figure of the poem.
12
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Współczesna literatura dziecięca – propozycje

54%
EN
The article presents examples of books for obligatory reading, especially for children in a primary school. The author makes an assumption that such books should be of significant artistic value, both of literary text and illustrations, and attractive in form, subject and language. These criteria are fulfilled by contemporary literature which is characterized shortly in the article. Picture books, comic-books, books with poetry are described consequently. The author advises also how to choose good books for children, what criteria to follow. She presents sources of information for teachers, librarians, parents, where they can find trustworthy reviews on latest children’s literature.
PL
W artykule zostały przedstawione propozycje lekturowe dla dzieci, przede wszystkim uczniów szkoły podstawowej. Autorka wychodzi z założenia, że powinny to być książki o dużych wartościach artystycznych, zarówno literackich, jak i plastycznych, atrakcyjne ze względu na swoją formę, treść, język. Te kryteria spełnia literatura współczesna, której charakterystyka została szkicowo zaprezentowana w artykule. Kolejno opisane zostały książki obrazkowe, komiksy, tomiki poetyckie. Autorka przedstawiła także kryteria wyboru dobrych książek dla dzieci oraz źródła, do jakich mogą sięgnąć nauczyciel, bibliotekarz czy rodzic w poszukiwaniu wiarygodnych informacji o najnowszej literaturze dziecięcej.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje różne postacie aksjomatu regularności (FA) oraz jego konsekwencje w systemie Zermelo-Fraenkla (ZFC). W pracy zasygnalizowane są pewne zastrzeżenia wobec FA oraz fakt, że nie jest on nieodzowny. Aksjomat ufundowania zachowuje swój apodyktyczny charakter tylko na gruncie teorii zbiorów regularnych – w innych przypadkach może nie być spełniony przez wszystkie zbiory. Jedna z najbardziej popularnych wersji FA nie może być traktowana jako miernik regularności zbiorów – nie oddaje ona bowiem w pełni ducha idei ufundowania
EN
The paper presents different formulations of regularity axiom (FA) and its consequences in Zermelo-Fraenkel’s system (ZFC). Some objections to the axiom are emphasized and its indispensability is examined. It is also proved that FA in one of its formulations cannot be treated like a measure of sets regularity, because it doesn't meet the requirements that it was intended to meet.
EN
Between self-reference and artistic experiment: The motif of a child’s death in the literary works of Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky and Volodymyr Vynnychenko Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky and Volodymyr Vynnychenko had two opposing types of creative personalities. According to many scholars, Kotsiubynsky was a representative of the Apollonian element of Ukrainian culture, while Vynnychenko embodied the Dionysian. The author of this article focuses on the role of the motif of a child’s death in their works and argues that in the case of Kotsiubynsky, the death of a child triggers his confession, while for Vynnychenko it functions as an opportunity to conduct an artistic experiment.
UK
Між автотематизмом та художнім експериментом — мотив смерті дитини у творчості Михайла Коцюбинського та Володимира Винниченка Михайло Коцюбинський та Володимир Винниченко належать до двох протилежних типів творчих особистостей. За деякими дослідниками, перший презентує аполлонійське начало української культури, водночас другий — діонісійське. У статті автор простежить, яку функцію в їхній творчості виконує тема смерті дитини. У випадку Коцюбинського вона буде поштовхом до авторської сповіді, натомість для автора Чесності з собою загибель безневинного немовляти стане приводом для художніх експериментів.
EN
The author of the article is focused on those of the places in Stanisław Barańczak’s poetry, in which the subject is revealed and the fact that the sender is the poet, who creates in statu nascendi and at the same time reflects on the essence of this process, is emphasize. These are obviously the self-reference procedures, directly related to perfecting his own poetic workshop. In the case of Barańczak those threads are also transferred on the self epistemology area, which means that they are involved with the identification of the subjects own identity, which is worth of interpreting precisely as an self-reference procedure. Self-reference at this point is being expanded only in a manner of pretense: it is absolutely important to remember that the “self-recognition” making subject is exactly the poet. The key figure to the topic taken in this way will be the doppelganger (and bond to this issue mirror theme). The exemplification material will be given by both early Korekta twarzy, and the subsequent volumes of Barańczak’s poetry.
EN
This paper deals with the issue of interdisciplinarity in literature, tracing the mathematical influences — and particularly those of the incompleteness theorems by Kurt Gödel — on the literary works of Hans Magnus Enzensberger. Our attention is focused on Enzensberger’s publications in mathematics, on his poem Hommage à Gödel, and his montage epos The Sinking of the Titanic. This paper submits a new, interdisciplinary interpretation of the poem Hommage à Gödel as a kind of art manifesto, and comes to the conclusion that the reason Enzensberger finds the incompleteness theorems so interesting is that they offer a scientific basis for undecidable problems and paradoxes. He applies Gödel’s theorems to literature, where they enable a creative, playful oscillation between two positions or aspects of an undecidable problem and self-reference in literature.
PL
Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka wybranych powieści Wandy Karczewskiej. Analiza niektórych aspektów twórczości pisarki, w szczególności zaś wykorzystywanych przez nią technik narracyjnych, będzie służyła usytuowaniu jej dokonań literackich w kontekście poetyk nowej powieści francuskiej – ówczesnego ruchu awangardowego, który miał niebagatelny wpływ na rozwój nowoczesnej prozy, w tym również powieści postmodernistycznej. Tekst ten jest także próbą zaprezentowania walorów powieściopisarstwa zapomnianej dziś kaliskiej autorki.
EN
The aim of this essay is to discuss selected novels of Wanda Karczewska. The analysis includes only specific aspects of Karczewska’s writing, such as narrative techniques, and its major aim is to situate her literary works in the context of the New Novel, a French literary movement which had a significant influence on the development of modern prose, including the postmodern novel. The second, equally important, aim of this text is to present some of the virtues of Karczewska’s forgotten novels to a wider audience.
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