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1

Poetyckie rozważania o starości ręką kobiecą spisane. Desanka — Urszula — Elisaweta

100%
Jakóbiec-Semkowowa M.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
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2016
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vol. 163
711-725
EN
In this work we analyse three poetic expressions by Elisaweta Bagriana, Desanka Maksimović and Urszula Kozioł who sincerely share with us the experience of their own senescence. Thephysical symptoms of ageing is perceived by Maksimović with surpise, by Bagriana with understanding and by Kozioł with rebellion. The authors’ state of mind differs from protest and frustration (Kozioł and Bagriana) to apeaceful surrender connected with understanding of what was meant to come. Each of the authors, regardless of all the differences between them, is able to be fruitful in their writing till their old age and is aware of what she has accomplished poetically, which makes the lives of all the three authors full of sense to them.
XX
Три велике песникиње: Елисавета Багрјана, Десанка Максимовић и Уршула Козјол у касним годинама живота искрено описују своје доживљавање старости. Физичке недо­статке гледају са изненађењем (Максимовић), разумевањем (Багрјана) али такође са проте­стом и иронијом (Козјол). Расположење се колеба између бунта и горчине (Козјол, Багрјана) и помирења са судбином, свешћу неминовне пролазности. Свака песникиња, независно од разлика мећу њима, до касних година живота песнички активна, је свесна својих стваралач­ких могућности што даје смисао читавом животу.
2

Starość nie tylko latami mierzona w ruskiej literaturze żałobnej (XVII wiek)

100%
Nowak A.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
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2016
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vol. 163
337-348
EN
In Ukrainian and Belarusian 17th century literature of mourning there is no one common to all the authors vision of old age. It was presented as adifficult state, filled with suffering and even dangerous for those whom mental and bodily weakness prevented the holding of penance-delayed too long. At the same time, this grim vision coexisted with the optimistic picture of the autumn of life active and fruitful in creative activities. Old age was the penalty for sin, but also one way of moving away from him and sourcing selection everlasting. Old age was sometimes synonymous with maturity, wisdom, young people, could be asymbol of duration in sin. Despite that dra ws certain tendency to recognition of the topic related to the fact that these considerations were partly subordinated to panegyric, and above all pastoral goal. Traditional mourning for the composition elements: to show the size of the loss, mourning the dead or solace grief of the living, most often occur as acomponent of moral exhortations and instructions. The explanation of this trend must be sought in an environment of contemporary authors’ funeral compositions. They were mainly representatives of the intellectual elite of clerical: priests, bishops and archimandrites; church reformers at the same time, cultural activists, workers and publisher. So those who took on their shoulders the renewal of religious life and spiritual and cultural life in The Metropolitanate of Kiev, realizing it and by disseminated in mourning texts role models and moral attitude.
UK
В українській та білоруській жалобній літературі 17-го століття відсутнє спільне для всіх авторів бачення старості. Вона зображена передусім як складний стан, наповнений стражданням, особливо небезпечний для тих, кому психічна та тілесна слабість не дозволила здійснити надто довго відкладуваного покаяння. Водночас цей похмурий образ співіснував з оптимістичною картиною осени життя — активної і плідної творчою діяльністю. Старість була водночас покаранням за гріх, засобом відходу від нього і здобування доброї вічності. Іноді — синонімом зрілості, мудрості молодих, або символом гріховного існування. Попри ці суперечності у підході до проблеми старості можна простежити певну тенденцію використання теми. Вона пов’язана з фактом часткового її підпорядкування панегіричній та, перш за все, пастирській меті. Традиційні елементи траурних композицій: зазначення розміру втрати, оплакування померлого, заспокоєння душевного болю живих — найчастіше виступають як компоненти моральних настанов та інструкцій. Пояснення цієї тенденції слід шукати в середовищі авторів — в основному представників інтелектуальної еліти, насамперед духовної (єпископи, ігумени та архімандрити), в той же час церковних реформаторів, культурних діячів, видавців. Отже, це були подвижники оновлення релігійного та духовно-культурного життя в Київській Митрополії, які реалізували його, між іншим, шляхом поширення в траурних текстах життєвих взірців та зразків моральної поведінки.
3
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Progress in physical activity of elderly people in hygienic and health aspect

86%
Talar K.
EXLIBRIS Biblioteka Gerontologii Społecznej
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2017
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issue 1 (13) /2017 Active and Healthy Ageing
59-72
EN
Physical activity of the elderly provides maintenance of efficiency, health for many years of life. It affects also on the extension of independence and is the cure on many maladies of old age. We can observe the effects of the coming old-age in the second half of life, middle aged, when we are getting older and occurs slow reduction of physical and psychical capacity of organism. „We run to die healthy” - who among us doesn’t imagine how to be efficiency to the end of life in good sport condition? Physical efficiency allows us to achieve optimal quality of life everyday and the performance of motion activities, necessary for health of elderly people. The sole goal of this article is to show how shaped by the views from the past on physical activity of elderly and views of doctors and activists of physical culture on seniors efficiency. The issue physical activity of the elderly is little known because we always pay attention on progress the children and the teenagers, what confirm many pedagogical works. We have not much science publications which encourage the elderly to active and healthy lifestyle. During the research following methods were used: source materials search, source amassing, combining those materials, analysing and interpreting the source materials, also explaining some of the historical facts with reference to reality of that times. The research covers elaborations about physical activities, medicine and history of physical culture field literature, and the recreation of elderly. Furthermore the method of individual observation was used. The article shows the role of the elderly people physical activity in hygienic aspect and his influence on extension of life. A very important role plays also family, their help, care on senior and mutual support and social awareness, which allows to actively participate the elderly in physical culture, whose aim is to maintain the efficiency to the end of life.
4

Contemporary views on human aging and longevity

86%
Chmielewski P., Borysławski K., Strzelec B.
Anthropological Review
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2016
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vol. 79
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issue 2
115-142
EN
Aging is currently stimulating intense interest of both researchers and the general public. In developed countries, the average life expectancy has increased by roughly 30 years within the last century, and human senescence has been delayed by around a decade. Although aging is arguably the most familiar aspect of human biology, its proximate and ultimate causes have not been elucidated fully and understood yet. Nowadays there are two main approaches to the ultimate causes of aging. These are deterministic and stochastic models. The proximate theories constitute a distinct group of explanations. They focus on mechanistic causes of aging. In this view, there is no reason to believe that there is only one biological mechanism responsible for aging. The aging process is highly complex and results from an accumulation of random molecular damage. Currently, the disposable soma theory (DST), proposed by Thomas Kirkwood, is the most influential and coherent line of reasoning in biogerontology. This model does not postulate any particular mechanism underpinning somatic defense. Therefore, it is compatible with various models, including mechanistic and evolutionary explanations. Recently, however, an interesting theory of hyper-function of mTOR as a more direct cause of aging has been formulated by Mikhail Blagosklonny, offering an entirely different approach to numerous problems and paradoxes in current biogerontology. In this view, aging is quasi-programmed, which means that it is an aimless continuation of developmental growth. This mTOR-centric model allows the prediction of completely new relationships. The aim of this article is to present and compare the views of both parties in the dispute, based on the results of some recent experimental studies, and the contemporary knowledge of selected major aspects of human aging and longevity
5

Longitudinal and cross-sectional changes with age in selected anthropometric and physiological traits in hospitalized adults: an insight from the Polish Longitudinal Study of Aging (PLSA)

86%
Chmielewski P., Borysławski K., Chmielowiec K., Chmielowiec J.
Anthropological Review
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2015
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vol. 78
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issue 3
317-336
EN
Longitudinal studies of aging concerning individuals with comparable lifestyle, diet, health profile, socioeconomic status, and income remain extraordinarily rare. The purposes of our ongoing project are as follows: (i) to collect extensive data on biological and medical aspects of aging in the Polish population, (ii) to determine factors affecting the rate and course of aging, (iii) to understand how aging unfolds as a dynamic and malleable process in ontogeny, and (iv) to find novel predictors of longevity. Our investigation followed 142 physically healthy asylum inmates, including 68 males and 74 females, for at least 25 years from the age of 45 years onward. Cross-sectional assessment involved 225 inmates, including 113 males and 112 females. All the patients lived for a very long time under similar and good environmental conditions at the hospital in Cibórz, Lubuskie Province. They maintained virtually the same daily schedule and lifestyle. The rate and direction of changes with age in selected anthropometric and physiological traits were determined using ANOVA, t-test, and regression analysis. There were sex differences in the rate and pattern of age-related changes in certain characteristics such as relative weight, red blood cell count, monocyte count, thymol turbidity value, systolic blood pressure, and body temperature. Body weight, the body mass index (BMI), and total bilirubin level increased with advancing age, while body height decreased with age in both sexes. In conclusion, the aging process was associated with many regressive alterations in biological traits in both sexes but the rate and pattern of these changes depended on biological factors such as age and sex. There were only few characteristics which did not change significantly during the period under study. On the basis of comparison between the pattern of longitudinal changes with aging and the pattern of cross-sectional changes with age in the analyzed traits, we were able to predict which pattern of changes is associated with longer lifespan.
6

Effects of aging on the function of the urinary system: longitudinal changes with age in selected urine parameters in a hospitalized population of older adults

72%
Chmielewski P., Strzelec B., Borysławski K., Chmielowiec K., Chmielowiec J., Dąbrowski P.
Anthropological Review
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2016
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vol. 79
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issue 3
331-345
EN
Although normal aging does not have a pernicious effect on the homeostasis of fluids, renal reserve in elderly people can be depleted. The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship between longitudinal changes with age in basic urine parameters (specific gravity and pH) in older men and women, depending on their body height and relative body weight. Longitudinal data on these two quantitative traits of the urine were available for 142 physically healthy individuals, including 68 men and 74 women. All subjects were 45 years of age at the beginning and 70 at the end of the period under investigation. All measurements were taken in accordance with internationally accepted requirements. Specific gravity was assessed using a hydrometer, and pH was measured using a pH meter. ANOVA, t-test, and regression analysis were performed. No significant sex differences in specific gravity or urine pH were observed. In both sexes, urine specific gravity decreased with age according to exponential model of regression. In men, there was a gradual increase in the pH of the urine until age 65, and the best fitting regression model was polynomial. In women, on the other hand, there was an exiguous decrease in urine pH throughout the period under study, and the best fitting regression model proved to be exponential. As the process of renal aging commences relatively early in ontogeny and manifests itself in many structural and functional changes, urinalysis and other more sophisticated methods of diagnosis of renal diseases are essential for proper assessment of health status of adults and older individuals. The rate of age-related changes in the analyzed traits of the urine was commensurate in both sexes, thereby revealing no evidence of significant sex differences in terms of renal aging in the period between 45 and 70 years of age.
7
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Godność osoby w szpitalnej piżamie. Wy-odrębnienie podstawą szacunku

72%
Wałejko M.
Paedagogia Christiana
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2017
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vol. 1/39
113-128
PL
Tekst stanowi pedagogiczną reakcję na przejawy depersonalizacji osób w poważnym stanie klinicznym, starszych i/lub schorowanych, nierzadko w stanie obłożnym, znajdujących się w szpitalach lub placówkach opieki całkowitej. Specyfika warunków szpitalnych („piżama”), zwracanie się per „ty”, niepodejmowanie dialogu i pozbawianie możliwości wyboru w elementarnych kwestiach sprzyja pogłębianiu osamotnienia podopiecznych oraz poczuciu zatracania osobowej podmiotowości. Poprzez odwołanie do kierunkowych cech metafizycznych bytu osobowego autorka sygnalizuje możliwe sposoby ocalenia poczucia bytowej odrębności osób zależnych od opieki innych – (samo)wychowanie intelektualne i wolitywne. W odniesieniu do osób nieprzytomnych adekwatną, personalistyczną postawą jest budowanie wspólnoty opartej na samej obecności dwojga podmiotów jako wystarczającym warunku tworzenia relacji w myśl normy personalistycznej.
EN
The text is a pedagogical response to depersonalization of people in a serious clinical state, elderly and/or chronically ill, frequently severely ill, staying in hospitals or total care facilities. Specific nature of hospital conditions (‘pyjamas’), addressing a patient in the second person singular, refraining from a dialogue and depriving patients of the possibility to make basic choices contribute to isolation among patients and the feeling of losing their centrality. While referring to major metaphysical qualities of a personal being, the author marks possible ways of saving the sense of individualism among people who depend on care provided by others, which is the intellectual and volitional (self-)education. In the case of people who remain unconscious, an adequate and personalistic attitude involves building a community based on presence of two entities as a sufficient condition to develop a relationship in the meaning of the personalistic norm.
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