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EN
The paper refers to the ways of categorizing the five senses, i.e. sight, hearing, smell, taste, and the tactile sense, as they are represented in the Slavic languages. The case of perception involves several participants and several ways of perception: 1) active perception, which is an action in itself (смотреть ‘to look’, слушать ‘to listen’, нюхать ‘to smell, to recognize smell’, пробовать на вкус ‘to taste, to experience the flavor of food or drink’, щупать ‘to touch’); 2) passive perception, which in itself is a condition (видеть ‘to see’, слышать ‘to hear’, ощущать запах ‘to smell, be able to smell things’, чувствовать вкус ‘to taste, be able to experience the flavor of food or drink’, осязать ‘to feel’); 3) a perceptive (eyes, ears, nose, skin, tongue); 4) a percept (appearance, sound, smell, taste, texture); 5) perceptive predicates (qualities, capabilities) (выглядеть ‘to seem’, звучать ‘to sound’, пахнуть ‘to smell, to have a particular smell’, иметь вкус ‘to taste, to have a particular flavor’, иметь фактуру ‘to feel, to have a particular texture’). Whilst in some cases of perception the language contains the vocabulary to describe most – if not all – components of the situation, in other cases it demonstrates the lack of certain words. The only sense that is characterized with a complete paradigm is the sense of hearing (to listen, to hear, listener, sound, to sound) with *čuti and its derivates being able to have a general meaning of perception in itself; on the contrary, the vocabulary related to the sense of taste turns out to be the poorest. On the one hand, the vocabulary of physical perception is universally tied to the lexis of emotions (e.g. чувство любви ‘feeling of love’, чувство отчаяния ‘feeling of despair’, чувство долга ‘sense of duty’ etc); on the other hand, it is connected with the “mental” vocabulary (i.e. to see ‘to understand’, ‘to be conscious of’, ‘to think’ etc.). This fact can be interpreted as an attempt to express the “continuity” of the human inner world; the non-strict discretization of certain ways of perception and delimited sensual, emotional, and mental areas by means of the language.
Polonia Sacra
|
2018
|
vol. 22
|
issue 3(52)
145-165
PL
Artykuł ma charakter badawczy. Jego celem jest odkrycie znaczeń, jakie św. Faustyna nadała zmysłowi smaku, a zarazem ukazanie poziomów metaforyzacji użytego przez nią słownictwa. Analiza jakościowo-ilościowa dotyczy leksyki opisującej smaki słodki i gorzki – są to bowiem jedyne nazwy smaków wskazane przez autorkę Dzienniczka. Jak wykazała analiza, większość słownictwa z tego pola została użyta do zobrazowania relacji duszy z Bogiem. Smak słodki posłużył na określenie samego Boga, obcowania z Nim. Smak gorzki konotuje głównie mękę Pańską i cierpienia, jakie Faustyna znosi w intencji dusz. W tworzeniu analogii między ciałem a duszą wyzyskuje ona słownictwo potoczne, łącząc je z biblijnym i liturgicznym. Jak wskazuje, dusza także ma swój pokarm – są nim wola Boża, łaska, mądrość Boża, a także Boże miłosierdzie.
EN
The article is of analytical character. Its aim is to discover the meanings which St Faustina attributed to the sense of taste as well as to reveal the levels of metaphorization of the vocabulary she used. The quality and quantity analysis involves the lexis which describes the sweet and bitter tastes – those are actually the only names of tastes indicated by the author of The Diary. As the analysis revealed, most of the vocabulary from this area was used to depict the relationship between the soul and God. The sweet taste served to define God Himself, communing with Him. The bitter taste is associated principally with Lord’s Passion and suffering which Faustina experiences in the intention of the souls. While creating the analogy between the body and the soul, she exploits colloquial vocabulary, combining it with the biblical and liturgical lexis. As she indicates, the soul has also its food – this is God’s will, grace, God’s wisdom and God’s mercy.
EN
The analyses concern writings with mimetic ambitions, contemporary works written in the 20th century: Big Two-Hearted River (1925) by Ernest Hemingway, Babette’s Feast (1958) by Karen Blixen and To Know a Woman (1989) by Amos Oz. Various degrees of literary reference can be observed: a kind of simulation of tasting a meal in a Hemingway story, a stylization in the representation of Oz’s taste, and a spiritual deformation of somatic sensations in Blixen’s story. The analyses show that the conclusions of writers about food culture depend not only on the culture as such, but also on the individual properties of the mind.
PL
Analizy dotyczą pisarstwa o ambicjach mimetycznych, utworów współczesnych, powstałych w XX wieku: Ernesta Hemingwaya Rzeka dwóch serc (1925), Karen Blixen Uczta Babette (1958) i Amosa Oza Poznać kobietę (1989). Można zaobserwować różny stopień literackiej referencji: rodzaj symulacji smakowania posiłku w opowiadaniu Hemingwaya, stylizacji w reprezentacji smaku Oza oraz duchowej deformacji doznań somatycznych w opowiadaniu Blixen. Z analiz wynika, że wnioski pisarzy na temat kultury żywieniowej zależą nie tylko od kręgu kulturowego, ale także indywidualnych właściwości umysłu.
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