Search results

1

Services in Eastern Poland

100%

Skąpska E.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2013

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issue 4(34)

69-76

EN

The development differences in particular regions and sub-regions of the Polish economy have given rise to a need for progress in the scope of services, especially in Eastern Poland, which includes the following voivodships: lubelskie, podkarpackie, podlaskie, świętokrzyskie and warmińsko-mazurskie. The assumed aim of the study is identification of macroeconomic determinants of service sector development, which simultaneously constitute reinforcement of the economic potential of Eastern Poland. It is worth highlighting at least one of the signs of quality transformations in an economic service sector connected with creating new services for business — known as ‘shared services’. The development of outsourcing services will first of all result in producing new jobs, improvement of living standards and increase in wealth of the above-mentioned regional economy.

PL

Różnice rozwojowe w poszczególnych regionach i podregionach polskiej gospodarki zrodziły potrzebę postępu w zakresie usług, zwłaszcza w Polsce Wschodniej, obejmującej województwa: lubelskie, podkarpackie, podlaskie, świętokrzyskie oraz warmińsko-mazurskie. Za cel opracowania przyjęto zidentyfikowanie makroekonomicznych wyznaczników rozwoju sektora usług, które jednocześnie stanowią wzmocnienie potencjału gospodarczego Polski Wschodniej. Na uwagę zasługuje co najmniej jeden z przejawów zmian jakościowych w usługowym sektorze gospodarczym, związany z powstaniem nowych usług dla biznesu, tzw. usług wspólnych. Rozwój usług outsourcingowych będzie skutkował przede wszystkim tworzeniem nowych miejsc pracy, poprawą stopy życiowej oraz wzrostem dobrobytu w ww. gospodarce regionalnej.

2

Impact of workers’ competence on their performance in the Malaysian private service sector

80%

Rahmah I., Zainal Abidin S.

Business and Economic Horizons

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2010

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vol. 2

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issue 2

25-36

EN

Malaysia has to address the challenges of globalization to become a developed nation by year 2020. Changing economy to one that is based on knowledge-economy and enhanced importance of the service sector needs a competitive workforce with high performance and capability. This article analyses the impact of workers’ competence towards their performance in the private service sector. The analysis is based on a sample of 1136 workers who are either executive, manager or professional from three service sub-sectors, namely, education, health and information and communication technology (ICT) in Selangor, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Johor collected in 2007/2008. In this analysis, Workers’ Performance Index (WPI) and Workers’ Competence Index (WCI) are developed and subsequently used to analyze factors determining workers’ performance in the selected service sector. The results show that workers’ competence has significant influence towards workers’ performance. Besides that, human capital and workers’ characteristics also determine workers’ performance in the service sector.

3

The model approach to linking innovation announcements and market value of equity in service sector

80%

Szutowski D., Szułczyńska J.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2017

|

issue 478

425-435

EN

Despite the research conducted in this field of innovation the attempt to model the effects of communicating innovation through announcements on market value changes has not been undertaken yet. Thus the purpose of the present research was to model the relationship between communicating innovation and market value of service companies. Summary of the existing evidence relied on such methods of systematic literature studies as SALSA, one step forward and backward snowballing, meta-synthesis and mapping review procedure. In order to represent the relationship between innovation and market value in services a conceptual model is proposed. It encompasses seven innovation-level and seven firm-level predictors. It covers also interaction and second-order effects.The research was burdened with several limitations. Namely it was limited to papers published in English and included scientific articles and conference proceedings only. Further quantitative research aiming at testing the model empirically seems beneficial from the point of view of model development.

4

Specificity of innovation in the service sector: the example of Poland

80%

Dominiak J.

Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego

|

2021

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vol. 35

|

issue 2

27-37

EN

The discussion that has taken place in recent years on innovativeness in services is connected, on one side, with their growing role in the economy. On the other, it results from an increase in innovation as the main socio-economic development factor of countries and regions. Innovation is seen as an essential link in developing a strong economy, and its shortcomings may lead to an economic crisis. Innovations have become a new element playing a crucial role in crystallising a new economic model, particularly in developed countries. The growing role of services in the modern economy has led to an increased interest in service activities and service innovations. This paper aims to present the specificity of innovations in the service sector compared to the manufacturing industry based on Poland’s example. In the empirical analysis, data from the Central Statistical Office in Poland and EUROSTAT was used. An analysis of innovativeness in the service sector, based on traditional innovation measurement indicators, concludes that it is much lower than in the manufacturing industry. In the entire analysed period, the percentage of innovative enterprises in the service sector was lower than in the manufacturing industry by several percentage points. According to service sector type, organisation and marketing are more critical in terms of innovation. In their cases, the differences between manufacturing and services are minimal; however, it is more significant in products and processes.

5

The effect of changes in the economic structure on entrepreneurial activity in a transition economy: the case of Poland

80%

Zygmunt J.

Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy

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2020

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vol. 15

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issue 1

49-62

EN

Research background: While entrepreneurship in transition economies is the subject of a growing body of literature, the debate on factors influencing entrepreneurial activity in such economies is still incomplete. This paper extends this debate by focusing on the effect of changes in the economic structure on entrepreneurship in Poland. The findings might be supportive for policymakers in pursuing policy aimed at boosting entrepreneurship in a transition economy. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to investigate the extent to which changes in the economic structure impact entrepreneurial activity in Poland. The paper contributes to the literature by providing empirical support to the pending research efforts to recognize entrepreneurship dimensions in a transition economy. Methods: The hypothesis was tested with fixed effects panel regression with robust standard errors. Data were sourced from the Statistics Poland for all Polish NUTS?2 regions for the period 2003?2017. Panel data are balanced and include 3 600 observations. Findings & Value added: This paper extends previous research on factors affecting entrepre-neurial activity in a transition economy by focusing on the importance of changes in the economic structure for new firm creation. The findings provide evidence of the significant value of the service sector in boosting entrepreneurial activity in Poland. The findings might attract attention of policymakers. Fostering structural change towards smart specialization in services should be regarded when constituting programmes supporting entrepreneurship.

6

Rozwój usług wiedzochłonnych w Polsce i wybranych krajach europejskich

70%

Witaszczyk A., Szczukocka A.

Ekonomika i Organizacja Przedsiębiorstwa

|

2017

|

issue 6 (809)

223-234

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę dokonania oceny rozwoju sektora usług wiedzochłonnych w Polsce i wybranych krajach europejskich. Do tego celu wykorzystano analizę dynamiki i strukturę zatrudnienia w usługach wiedzochłonnych oraz dynamikę wartości dodanej brutto i przedsiębiorstw z tego sektora. Ponadto do oceny rozwoju usług wiedzochłonnych wykorzystano syntetyczną miarę rozwoju.

EN

The article attempts to evaluate the development of the knowledge-intensive sector in Poland and selected European countries. The analysis of dynamics and structure of employment in knowledge-intensive services and dynamics of gross value added and enterprises in this sector were used for this purpose. In addition, a synthetic measure of development was used to evaluate the development of knowledge-intensive services.

7

Sleep, Work and Globalization: The Evening/Night Shift Employees in Call Centre in Romania

70%

Marinache R.

International Review of Social Research

|

2016

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vol. 6

|

issue 3

129-136

EN

In order to ensure synchronized operation of companies who use workforce around the world, work schedules have been divided in two or three shifts and a large number of people work in evening or night shifts. Based on interviews with 25 employees of a call centre in Romania, I describe three processes: sleep desynchronization, i.e. working during night and sleeping during the day, synchronization with those having similar nocturnal schedules and, finally, its resynchronization with the mainstream. I describe the tensions and conflicts which accompany each such transformation.

8

Development and Validation of Work Environment Services Scale (WESS)

70%

Patrick H., Kareem J.

Central European Management Journal

|

2021

|

vol. 29(2)

89-120

EN

Purpose: This study presents a nine-factor, 32-item measure of work environment scale in the service sector. A healthy work environment is one in which employees trust the people they work for, have pride in what they do, and enjoy working with the people (Levering and Moskowitz, 2004). Methodology: This instrument builds on the conceptual model espoused by Insel and Moos (1974), Gordon (1973), Fletcher and Nusbaum (2010), Amabile et al. (1996), and Spector (2003). The scale included items elicited through a literature review, the use of the Delphi technique with a panel of experts, and tested on 824 full-time employees from nine service sector industries and five major cities in India. Findings: The Work Environment Services Scale (WESS) is a reliable and valid scale useful for measuring the nine work environment factors in the Indian services organization, with its own norms and a detailed manual. Originality/Value: The prevailing scales for measuring work environment do not capture the influence of ethics, recreation facilities, and the impact of social giving on the work environment. Most scales were suitable for sectors in the Western context, and there were no Indian scales measuring service employees’ perception of their work environment.

9

The Service Sector in the Economy in Poland and European Union Countries

70%

Kwiatkowska W.

Olsztyn Economic Journal

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2015

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vol. 10

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issue 3

191-207

EN

The role of the service sector in the economy is increasing in the process of socio-economic development. This tendency has been confirmed and explained by the three-sector theory formulated by A.G.B. Fisher, C. Clark, and J. Fourastie. The main goal of the paper is to show development tendencies in service sectors in Poland and the EU countries and assess them in view of the three-sector theory. The share of the service sector in the total employment and in the total gross value added in the years 2005-2013/2014 will be analysed together with two sub-sectors including market and non-market services. The research shows that the share of the service sector in total employment and total gross value added has been recently increasing in Poland as well as in other EU countries, but there is a gap in this process between Poland and the most developed EU countries. Moreover, in Poland, the role of market services has been recently increasing much faster than the role of non-market services.

10

Mapping research on user-generated content in the service sector - a bibliometric analysis

70%

Wąsowicz-Zaborek E.

Marketing Instytucji Naukowych i Badawczych

|

2023

|

vol. 49

|

issue 3

65-100

EN

The Web 2.0 era and the following phases of web development bring new challenges to businesses, but also new opportunities to establish and maintain relationships with market participants, indulge in direct contact with customers and learn about their needs, emotions and opinions. The advancement of content creation and sharing technologies creates an opportunity to collect information from anyone with access to the Internet. User-generated content (UGC) information is increasingly supporting decision-making and analysis for various types of business, management or marketing activities. Such information is also increasingly used as a source of data in scientific research. The present study seeks to evaluate the relevance of UGC in scientific research and the scope and ways in which content created by Internet users can be used by researchers of phenomena existing in the service sector. To achieve this goal, a bibliometric literature review (quantitative analysis of publications, identification of research collaborators, co-author analysis, co-citation analysis and co-word analysis) was conducted covering articles between 2012 and 2022 published in journals indexed in the Scopus database. The analysis used descriptive statistics and text and content analysis. A significant increase was observed in publications between 2020 and 2022. Among the various service branches, the researchers most often chose data sets in the form of comments posted online by customers of tourism industries, mainly those using accommodation services, but also restaurants. TripAdvisor was observed to be the most frequently used data source. In their analysis, the authors used both qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as a combination of them. It is observed that more sophisticated machine learning algorithms have been implemented for text analysis. Finally, the paper also presents future research recommendations.

11

Pomiar innowacyjności w sektorze usług. Wybrane problemy

61%

Węgrzyn G.

Przegląd Zachodniopomorski

|

2013

|

issue 3/2

331-343

EN

This article identifi es the available methods of measuring the innovation level in the service sector and attempts to evaluate them in terms of their accuracy. The analysis covers the innovation indices available for the service sectors of European economies. The discussion is divided into three parts. The fi rst one recapitulates the nature of services and the ways in which they differ from manufacturing in terms of their susceptibility to innovation. The second part reviews the available metrics of innovation in services as published in the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) by the Eurostat. The fi nal part discusses the results of a survey on the innovation levels in the individual EU countries. The analysis has demonstrated that analysing the innovation level of services with the sole use of CIS data gives rise to signifi cant limitations. The main problem is that a large part of the service sector gets omitted in such an analysis.

12

ROLE OF THE SERVICE SECTOR IN THE INNOVATION DEVELOPMENT OF POLAND AND UKRAINE

61%

Polinkevych O.

Roczniki Ekonomiczne Kujawsko-Pomorskiej Szkoły Wyższej w Bydgoszczy

|

2018

|

issue (11)

337-358

EN

Objectives of the article were defining factors the role of the services sector in the innovation development in Ukraine and Poland, determining the impact of new trends in behavioral economy on areas of innovative development of service sector in Ukraine and Poland. This sector of economy employs more than half of workers. It produces more than half of gross value added in the country. The author of this paper worked on materials that are tangent to the development of Polish and Ukrainian economy in 2000-2015 years. The author noted that the trend of innovative development have not changed significantly in both countries in service sector. This assumption is based on results of SWOT-analysis, comparative analysis. The article describes the essence of service sector in Ukraine and Poland, presents comparative analysis of global dynamics of innovation index, shows the influence of service sector on innovation development of economy of Ukraine and Poland, define factors of innovative development of enterprise in service sector of Poland and Ukraine. Conclusions and recommendations were made regarding to possibilities of using Polish experience in the innovative development of enterprises in service sector of Ukraine. It was established that the most important mechanism for the development of innovative service sector is establishing a contact between the consumer and the seller. It was established that this contact must be based on culture and high level of education on both sides. It was also established that factors that contribute to the innovative development of service sector in Poland and Ukraine have both common and distinctive features. The development of Poland and Ukraine should be based on activities of domestic enterprises, savings, the use of EU funds and know-hows of other companies in Poland and Ukraine.

13

Zmiany w strukturze usług w aglomeracji poznańskiej w latach 1996-2007

61%

Dominiak J.

Studia Miejskie

|

2010

|

vol. 2

95-104

EN

The political, social and economic changes initiated in Poland in 1989 provided a basis for a dynamie development of services. The 1990s were characterised by rapidly growing service employment; over the years 1990-2006 its proportion rosę from 37% to 54%. There was also an inerease in the contribution of the service sector to gross value added. In 2006 the service sector generated 65% of national income, as against 54% in 1990. The development of the service sector in Poland varied regionally, high dynamics being displayed by voivodeships with big urban agglomerations: Mazovia, Wielkopolska and Małopolska. The aim of the article is to characterise changes in the service sector o f the Poznań agglomeration over the years 1996-2007. First, the structure of the service sector in the Poznań agglomeration (as divided into a core and a peripheral zone) is presented. Next, an attempt is made to identify differences in the transformation of services in terms of the Poznań - periphery division and by communes making up the peripheral zonę of the agglomeration.

PL

Zmiany polityczne, społeczne i gospodarcze zapoczątkowane w Polsce w 1989 r. stworzyły podstawy do dynamicznego rozwoju sektora działalności usługowej. Lata 90. XX w. charakteryzowały się szybkim wzrostem zatrudnienia w usługach. W latach 1990-2006 udział pracujących w tym sektorze zwiększył się z 37% do 54%. Wzrastał także udział sektora usług w wytwarzaniu wartości dodanej brutto. W 2006 r. sektor usług generował 65% dochodu narodowego (dla porównania w 1990 r. - 54%). Rozwój sektora usług w Polsce był zróżnicowany regionalnie - wysoką dynamiką cechowały się województwa z dużymi aglomeracjami miejskimi: mazowieckie, wielkopolskie i małopolskie. W procesie rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego główną przyczyną rozwoju usług był wzrost popytu na usługi produkcyjne i konsumpcyjne. W przedsiębiorstwach przemysłowych nastąpił wzrost zapotrzebowania na usługi wyspecjalizowane i nowoczesne stosujące zaawansowane technologie, zarówno powstające w ramach przedsiębiorstwa, jak i nabywane. Rozwinęły się usługi tworzące tzw. otoczenie biznesu, głównie branży informatycznej i finansowej. Rosnący poziom życia ludności spowodował większe zapotrzebowanie na usługi konsumenckie: handlowe, medyczne, edukacyjne i turystyczne. Rozwojowi usług, jaki następuje w Polsce od początku lat 90., towarzyszą przemiany w strukturze sektora usług i w organizacji działalności usługowej. Zmiany w strukturze sektora usług polegają na zmianach udziału poszczególnych branż usługowych w usługach ogółem. Coraz większego znaczenia w sektorze usług nabierają usługi wyspecjalizowane, zatrudniające pracowników o wysokich kwalifikacjach zawodowych, wśród nich usługi o wysokim nasyceniu wiedzą oraz usługi dla producentów i dla biznesu. Do sekcji usługowych wyróżniających się wysoką dynamiką rozwoju, obok usług handlowych, zalicza się pośrednictwo finansowe (124%) i obsługę nieruchomości i firm (140%). Rozwój tych usług w Polsce nastąpił stosunkowo niedawno, stąd są one często określane jako usługi nowe. Wzrost tych usług nabiera istotnego znaczenia w kontekście gospodarki opartej na wiedzy. Celem artykułu jest charakterystyka przemian w sektorze usług w aglomeracji poznańskiej w latach 1996- 2007, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem zależności pomiędzy rangą miasta i charakterem zmian w strukturze usług.

14

Międzywojewódzkie dysproporcje wytwarzania wartości dodanej w branżach usługowych

61%

Cyrek M.

Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy

|

2014

|

issue 39

383-393

PL

The study presents the results of research concerning interregional diversification of creation of gross value added per capita in Poland. In this dimension of economic processes, the fact indi-cated in the subject literature that the process of development in the regional order consistent with a polarization model leads to growing disparities is more and more often verified. The basis for the conclusion constitutes an observation of changes in a value of Gini coefficient calculated for inter-voivodeship distribution of gross value added per capita in 2000–2011. Data necessary for the analysis were taken from Local Data Bank of Central Statistical Office. Because of dominance of the service sector in modern economies, apart from the analysis of crea-tion of total gross value added, the attention in the study was paid to differences between service branch-es. They are identified as sections G-T of Polish Classification of Activities PKD2007. The research identifies the sections where scale of interregional differences is the biggest and simultaneously a thesis that the biggest interregional inequalities concern the most modern branches connected with develop-ment of a knowledge based economy is verified. The achieved results confirm the initial assumptions. Processes of interregional divergence are observed not only for total gross value added, but also concerning value creation in most of the service branches. Moreover, the spheres of the biggest intervoivodeship inequalities in distribution of production appear to be modern branches: ICT and finances. Professional, scientific and tech-nical services also represent such characteristics. However, minimalization of interregional dis-parities is mainly connected with functioning of a sphere of public services.

15

Wpływ pandemii na rozwój handlu elektronicznego

61%

Szczukocka A.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2022

|

vol. 2

|

issue 359

1-20

EN

In recent years, we have observed a dynamic development of the service sector, especially e‑commerce. This is due to the development of new technologies, better internet access and the evolution of consumer habits. E‑commerce has made shopping faster and more convenient and safer during the COVID–19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of the pandemic on the level of development of e‑commerce in Poland. The article explains the concept of e‑commerce, presents the advantages and disadvantages of this form of sales from the point of view of the buyer and seller, and the dynamics of e‑commerce development before and after the COVID–19 pandemic. The data presented in the article and their analysis indicate an upward trend in e‑commerce in Poland. The analysis of trends and research results shows that e‑commerce in Poland is developing at a fast pace, has a great growth potential and will evolve depending on the clients’ needs. The pandemic is believed to have accelerated the pace of customers switching from traditional, stationary to online shopping. After the lockdown was lifted, no decrease in the number of purchase transactions was observed.

PL

W ostatnich latach obserwuje się dynamiczny rozwój sektora usług, a zwłaszcza handlu elektronicznego. Jest to spowodowane wzrostem znaczenia nowych technologii, lepszym dostępem do internetu oraz ewolucją nawyków konsumentów. Handel elektroniczny sprawił, że zakupy stały się szybsze i wygodniejsze, a w okresie pandemii COVID–19 bezpieczniejsze. Celem artykułu jest ocena wpływu pandemii na poziom rozwoju handlu internetowego w Polsce. W opracowaniu wyjaśniono pojęcie e‑handlu, przedstawiono zalety i wady tej formy sprzedaży z punktu widzenia kupującego i sprzedającego oraz dynamikę rozwoju e‑commerce przed i po okresie pandemii COVID–19. Zaprezentowane w artykule dane i ich analiza wskazują na tendencję wzrostową w handlu elektronicznym w Polsce. Analiza trendów i wyników badań pozwala stwierdzić, że handel elektroniczny w Polsce rozwija się w szybkim tempie, ma duży potencjał wzrostowy i będzie ewoluować w zależności od potrzeb klientów. Uważa się, że pandemia zwiększyła tempo przechodzenia klientów z zakupów w formie tradycyjnej, stacjonarnej, do zakupów w sieci. Po zniesieniu lockdownu nie zaobserwowano spadku liczby transakcji zakupowych.

16

The innovativeness of the service sector in the european union countries

61%

Decyk K.

|

2019

|

vol. 49

|

issue 122

45-54

EN

The subject of innovativeness is an interesting and unusually up-to-date research area in Poland and other countries. It is especially interesting to consider the situation in the service sector, whose specific character is largely related to the non-technological scope of innovativeness. With regards to such an outline of the research, the objective of this paper is to evaluate the level of the innovativeness of the service sector in EU countries. The research material in the paper was the Eurostat prepared database regarding the following: the level and type of innovative activity, as well as the degree of innovation in the EU services sector. In order to obtain the research goal, the method of analysis and criticism of literature, comparative analysis was used and the arithmetic mean was used to determine the levels of innovation. Based on the conducted research the top innovative level service sector countries include: France, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom. The medium level countries include: Germany, Sweden, Portugal and Poland. The service sectors of other countries were classified as low level innovativeness. The research, did not identify the influence of the service sector innovativeness on the innovativeness level of particular countries

17

Działalność innowacyjna przedsiębiorstwa w sektorze usług

51%

Charucka O.

Kwartalnik Naukowy Uczelni Vistula

|

2013

|

issue 3(37)

70-86

PL

Tocząca się w ostatnich latach dyskusja na temat innowacji w sferze usług wiąże się z jednej strony z rosnącą rolą sektora usług w gospodarce, a z drugiej jest rezultatem wzrostu znaczenia innowacyjności jako czynnika rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego. Wzrost ekonomicznego znaczenia sektora usług oznacza, że dalszy rozwój gospodarczy państw europejskich będzie w coraz większym stopniu zależeć od wzrostu efektywności sektora usług. W artykule zaprezentowano analizę innowacji usługowych oraz pokazano różnice między sektorem usług a sektorem przemysłu. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono w nim na zarządzanie procesem innowacyjnym oraz nowe sposoby organizacji działalności usługowej. Wnioski z analizy należy traktować jako przyczynek do dyskusji oraz dalszych pogłębionych badań i rozważań.

EN

The recent discussion under way on innovation in the sphere of services, on the one hand, is connected with the ever growing role of the service sector in economy and, on the other hand, is a result of growth of the importance of innovativeness as a factor of the socioeconomic development. Growth of the economic importance of the service sector means that a further economic development of European states will, to a greater and greater degree, depend on growth of effectiveness of the service sector. In her article, the author presented an analysis of service innovation and showed the differences between the service sector and the industry sector. A particular attention was paid in it to innovative process management and to new ways of organisation of service activities. The analysis conclusions should be treated as a contribution to the discussion and to further in-depth research and deliberations.

18

ЗАКОНОДАВЧО-ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ ФАХІВЦІВ СФЕРИ ПОСЛУГ АВСТРІЇ ТА НІМЕЧЧИНИ

51%

Надія К.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

|

2017

|

issue 5(69)

35-50

EN

The problem of forming and normative support of social partnership in vocational training of service sector specialists in Germany and Austria has been studied in the article. Federal and state laws in vocational education in these countries have been analyzed. The key aspects of interaction between educational units in order to organize collaboration at the ministerial, regional, local and international levels have been considered. Based on the results of the study undertaken, it has been found out that the dual system of primary vocational training of specialists in vocational education in Germany and Austria is continuing and consists of two stages, namely: 1) theoretical training in vocational schools and practical training at enterprises; 2) further vocational education/further research-based vocational education. The author has characterized vocational secondary schools: part-time vocational schools that comprise dual training system and full-time vocational schools: specialized vocational schools, advanced vocational schools and vocational gymnasia. It has been found out that technical universities and higher vocational education institutions training service sector specialists belong to higher education system, too. It has been highlighted that the system of social partnership in vocational education in Ukraine is being dramatically developed and significantly reformed. Therefore, study, generalization and analysis of European experience in organizing social partnership in vocational training of specialists, particularly in service sector, is becoming rather relevant. Based on the analysis of legislative documents on vocational education in Germany and Austria, it has been concluded that social partnership in education may be considered as a reliable and approved social mechanism that stipulates for economic stability and development, establishment of competitive, flexible and dynamic education system in each country; the mentioned problem in Ukraine requires the need for complex development of social partnership system as an interdisciplinary problem related to social, cultural, political and economic factors of social development to be taken into consideration; sustainable development of researches on the problem of theory and methodology of vocational education and implementation of its results in practice to be ensured; German and Austrian experience in organizing vocational training in the dual education system that presupposes the combination of proportional correlation between vocational theoretical and practical components to be studied. Rather perspective for further researches is the study of foreign experience in developing and implementing vocational education standards that is the field of social partnership functioning.

19

Innowacje w sektorze usług w Polsce

51%

Czubała A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie

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2015

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issue 1(26)

35-45

PL

Innowacje są ważnym czynnikiem rozwoju współczesnych gospodarek. I choć pojmowanie ich istoty od czasu Josepha Schumpetera, powszechnie uznanego za twórcę teorii innowacji, niewiele się zmieniło, liczni autorzy starali się formułować nowe definicje, łącząc innowacje nie tylko z wynalazkami, ale i zmianami wdrażanymi w różnych obszarach działalności przedsiębiorstw oraz zmieniającymi się w czasie czynnikami sprawczymi innowacji. W badaniach opartych na danych statystycznych przyjmuje się najczęściej definicję i klasyfikację innowacji bazującą na międzynarodowym standardzie opracowanym przez ekspertów OECD w tzw. Podręczniku Oslo. Zastosowano ją także w niniejszym artykule, którego celem jest przedstawienie rozwoju innowacji w sektorze usług w Polsce w latach 2009–2011. Na podstawie danych GUS, gromadzonych przy wykorzystaniu metodyki Podręcznika Oslo, poddano analizie i ocenie poziom innowacyjności przedsiębiorstw usługowych w przekroju wielkości i działów prowadzonej działalności. Sprawdzono też udział przedsiębiorstw wdrażających innowacje produktowe, procesowe, organizacyjne, marketingowe w poszczególnych działach usługowych oraz efektywność innowacji produktowych. Analiza danych obrazujących działalność innowacyjną przedsiębiorstw usługowych wskazuje na trend spadkowy. Maleje w czasie udział przedsiębiorstw, które wprowadziły przynajmniej jedną innowację w ogólnej ich liczbie, maleje udział przychodów ze sprzedaży nowych produktów w przychodach ogółem, zmniejszają się nakłady na działalność innowacyjną. Głównym źródłem innowacji jest wdrażanie nowoczesnych technik informacyjno-komunikacyjnych. Są to więc innowacje oparte na czynnikach wytwórczych „pchane” przez technikę i przemysł. Artykuł zawiera tylko wstępną analizę innowacji w usługach i wskazuje na potrzebę holistycznego, interdyscyplinarnego badania innowacji i ich efektywności nie tylko ekonomicznej, ale i społecznej.

EN

Innovations are an important factor of the development of contemporary economies. And although the understanding of their essence has not changed much since the times of Schumpeter, commonly regarded the creator of the theory of innovations, numerous Authors have tried to formulate new definitions relating innovations not only to inventions but also to changes implemented in various areas of enterprise activities and driving factors of innovations changing in time. In the research based on the statistical data, the definition and classification of innovations based on the international standard developed by the OECD experts, so called Oslo Manual, are most often adopted. They are also adopted in this article. The aim of the article is to present the development of innovations in the service sector in Poland in the years 2009–2011. On the basis of the Central Statistical Office data, collected with the use of the Oslo Manual methodology, the innovativeness level of service firms by size and by sections of the conducted business activities is analyzed and assessed. Moreover, the share of enterprises implementing product, process, organizational, marketing innovations in individual service sections, as well as the effectiveness of product innovations are analyzed. The analysis of the data depicting innovative activities of service firms reveals a downward trend. The share of enterprises which have introduced at least one innovation in their total number is going down in time, the share of revenues from the sales of new products in the total revenues is decreasing, the expenditure on innovative activities is falling. The main source of innovations is the implementation of modern information and communication techniques. Thus, they are innovations based on the factors of production “pushed” by technique and industry. The article includes only an initial analysis of innovations in services and indicates a need for holistic, interdisciplinary research into innovations and their effectiveness, not only the economic but also the social one.

20

Serwicyzacja gospodarki jako źródło jej transformacji

51%

Szymańska E.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2015

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vol. 1(73)

PL

Celem artykułu jest określenie roli sektora usług w procesie transformacji gospodarczej. Dotyczy to przekształceń w sektorze usług i rosnącego wpływu usług na gospodarkę światową, w związku z procesem przekształceń dokonujących się w innych sektorach. Aby osiągnąć założony cel, dokonano analizy udziału zatrudnienia w usługach w ogólnej liczbie pracowników oraz wkładu tego sektora w tworzenie wartości dodanej. Rozważania przeprowadzono na podstawie publikacji naukowych i dostępnych danych statystycznych, publikowanych przez Eurostat i OECD.

EN

The aim of this paper is to determine the role of the service sector in the process of economic transformation. The author explores the transformations within the service sector and the growing impact of services on the entire world economy, in connection with the process of change in other sectors. To accomplish this objective, the author analyses the share of those employed in services in the total number of workers, and the share of this sector in the creation of added value. The paper is based on scientific publications and available statistical data published by Eurostat and the OECD.

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Innowacje w sektorze usług w Polsce

Serwicyzacja gospodarki jako źródło jej transformacji