Search results

1

Zbrodnie, bezprawie i przemoc seksualna wobec ludności cywilnej w czasach II wojny światowej

100%

Isański J.

Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem

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2019

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vol. 41

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issue 4

49-64

EN

The text talks about the violence experienced by civilians who lived in the Polish lands during the Second World War and in the first years after its end. The victims of this violence were almost always people who did not take part in any military actions, and various forms of plundering, pacification and rapes were often a part of their everyday fate. In many cases, people were also forced to assist in various forms of violence against other victims. The text is based on a body of diaries written after the war by people taking part in diary competitions organized by the Western Institute in Poznań. A huge resource of over a thousand texts provides an opportunity to get to know not only individual fates but also the wider social context of those experiences.

2

Ja-cielesne a procesy formowania tożsamości u kobiet z doświadczeniami przemocy seksualnej

80%

Skrzypska N., Suchańska A.

Polskie Forum Psychologiczne

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2013

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vol. 18

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issue 2

197-214

EN

The aim of the study is to investigate the link between body self and identity processes in women who experienced sexual violence and in women without such experiences. Measurement of identity processes, using Identity and Experience Scale by Whitbourne, Sneed and Skultety, and body-self, using Questionnaire of Body Self by Sakson-Obada, were administered among control and clinical group. The control group consisted of 149 women who have not experienced sexual violence and in clinical group there were 43 women with sexual trauma. Results show that sexual trauma could lead to distortions in experiencing own body. Whereas difficulties in assimilation and integration those traumatic experiences indicate that sexual violence and changes in perception of own body might be a threat for coherence of identity.

3

IS RESTORATIVE JUSTICE AN APPROPRIATE LEGAL REMEDIATION FOR SEXUAL VIOLENCE?

80%

Kazic E., Ćorović R.

Review of European and Comparative Law

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2019

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vol. 37

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issue 2

65-95

EN

This paper questions applicability of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence. Specific nature and serious consequences of sexual violence are the reason why this question appeared. In order to find out the answer, authors represented the characteristics, mechanisms and nature of restorative justice, offering in the same time comparition of arguments in favor and against of applicability of restorative justice in this, particulary sensitive type of criminal offences. Together with review of different theoretical approaches to this matter, authors tested applicability of restorative justice in cases of sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this paper normative, comparative and historical scientific methods have been used.

4

Aside word and memory. Narration about sexual violence towards women from East Prussia in Polish memory discourse after the 1945

80%

Szydłowska J.

Anthropos?

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2016

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issue 25 Na uboczu

69-85

EN

In this article, I will describe the strategy of silence and crossing the silence when it comes to sexual violence, which women from East Prussia experienced throughout several months between 1945 and 1947. I will investigate the language of this absence, I will look for the functions of this rhetoric and dysfunctional euphemisms. I will ask about the level of 'colonisation' of narration of violence. The analytical material will be journalistic texts, fiction and film narration.

5

Raped Life. Sexual Violence as a Forward-Looking War Practice: Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina

80%

Wasiak K.

Historia i Polityka

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2020

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issue 34 (41)

EN

Gender equality is one of the categorical imperatives of universal human rights. However, today, in many national contexts, women’s rights and needs are not respected. The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina has shown the world how thin the line is between coexistence and hate, and what is more, it has shown how easy it is to use a woman’s body in political and war games and then forget about their sacrifice.The article is focused on the long-term effects of wartime sexual violence. Based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of field research, the author wants to show how Bosniak women constantly suffer from sexual violence despite the end of the conflict.

6

Sister of Philomela: Debt in Coetzee’s Disgrace

70%

Filipiak I.

Beyond Philology: An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching

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2011

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issue 8

57-93

EN

This essay discusses the financial and moral complexities at the center of Disgrace by Coetzee, its inquiry positioned in the context of the postcolonial decoding of the novel. Primarily, I focus on Lucy’s choice to stay in the house where she falls victim to the crime. Following “the rhetorical signal to the active reader, to counterfocalize,” which Spivak pinpoints in Disgrace, I reconstruct Lucy’s story from intimations and hints woven into the main narrative. Having unraveled the mystery of Lucy’s abortion, mentioned in passing, I propose that during David’s visit to her house, Lucy falls victim to corrective rape as both a lesbian and a single woman who thrives living in the countryside; lastly, I proceed to prove that Lucy acts like a woman “corrected” when she signs her property over to Petrus, although the true price she has to pay to her assailants staged as “debt collectors, tax collectors” (158) is her sexuality.

7

“Kui ongi tosi, siis ise suudi!” Seksuaalvagivallaga seonduvad stereotuubid uhe Eesti laste ja noorte veebifoorumi teemaalgatustes ja vastustes

70%

Eelmaa S., Murumaa-Mengel M.

Mäetagused

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2020

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vol. 76

29-62

EN

This article provides an overview of how children and young people who are victims of sexual violence seek help and support from online forums, and the reactions and responses following such posts. Also, we look at how rape myths and stereotypes affect both the victims’ and respondents’ attitudes towards sexual violence, victim-blaming, and help-seeking. The analysis is based on 28 original forum posts about personally experienced sexual violence and 361 reactions to these original posts. At the time of the abuse the victims were between the ages of 5 and 17. By combining discursive psychological methodology with qualitative thematic analysis, we were able to distinguish six dominant interpretative repertoires, three dominant repertoires from the victims’ posts (trying to start a dialogue, self-blaming, and uncertainty on recognizing intimate partner rape) and three from respondents’ reactions (victim-blaming, justifying the perpetrator, and the stereotype of the “ideal victim”). For children and young people in our sample, the observed internet forum was mainly a starting point to gain courage and guidance for seeking help offline (e.g., telling one’s mother or reporting abuse to the police). Victims often attributed behavioural self-blame (Janoff-Bulman 1979) to themselves. Intimate partner rape by a peer was often categorized as a betrayal of trust or crossing the boundaries but seldom as a crime. Underaged victims of intimate partner rape showed more characterological blame than other victims. The most common reaction to victims’ posts was victim-blaming, mainly behavioural blaming associated with clothing, alcohol consumption, and (not) resisting the abuse/violence. Victims below the age of ten and victims of intrafamilial sexual abuse were not blamed. The ideology of the “ideal victim” played a pivotal part in the respondents’ reactions and in the observable outcome for the victim. “Ideal victims” were approached with empathy, support, and adequate guidance, in contrast to the victims who diverged from the “ideal victim” stereotype and were blamed, shamed, insulted, and rarely guided to further action. The only victims who got the help they expected (e.g., were able to tell someone or report the crime) were the ones conforming with the “ideal victim” stereotype. When children disclose sexual abuse, the reactions of others are critical determinants of whether the child gets the needed help and support or is silenced. These reactions of others do not include only blaming and shaming but also redefining the experience and the victim status. Rape was often redefined to something less, sometimes even to the extent of the act being normalised as if it was just normal sexual interactions or maybe “sex gone wrong”. Sexual aggression was portrayed as a normal part of male masculinity, and female victims were portrayed as naive and stupid, but at the same time as flirtatious and deviant “gate-keepers” of male sexuality. Interestingly, perpetrator behaviour was justified with the same rhetorical tools as victims were blamed; for instance, intoxicated victims were attributed more blame, yet intoxicated perpetrators were justified or even exonerated of blame. In this study, we looked at language use as an important part of reproducing and perpetuating rape myths and negative stereotypes surrounding sexual violence. This study highlighted how strong rape myths and stereotypes are, and how these are reproduced and reinforced through small everyday interactions over and over again.

8

Organizational and Professional Competences Preparing Counsellors for Working with People Who Have Experienced Sexual Violence

70%

Adamczyk B.

Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana

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2020

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vol. 23

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issue 3

PL

This article addresses the issue of the competence of counsellors working with people experiencing sexual violence. The theoretical part of the article describes the basic concepts related to institutional (professional) counselling and describes a professional counsellor and his/her competences in a descriptive way. The subject of the research includes the competences of counsellors in the field of working with people who have experienced sexual violence. The purpose of the study was determining and describing their competences – both organizational and professional ones – from the perspective of the experience of individual listeners preparing for counselling work. The study uses a narrative method with content analysis. The research problem took the form of the following question: what are the competences of a counsellor in accompanying a sexually abused person from the perspective of the personal experience of future counsellors? The research was conducted in 2019 among 23 postgraduate students preparing for counselling work. The results made it possible to select subcategories within the examined categories that show the specificity and value of the competences described by the respondents, and allowed us to emphasize the importance of the interdisciplinary knowledge and skills of counsellors. In addition, the conclusions of the study are valuable for pedagogical practice, especially in terms of enriching the offer of studies addressed to counsellors working with people who have experienced sexual violence.

9

The Body of Rights: The Right to the Body

70%

Bergoffen D.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2021

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issue 3

19-37

EN

This paper examines the ways that feminists have built on and transformed Mary Wollstonecraft’s Enlightenment idea that women’s rights are human rights. It argues that Wollstonecraft’s marginal attention to the issue of sexual violence reflects the mind-body dualism of her era where reason divorced from the body established our dignity as persons. Today’s feminists reject this dualism. They have adopted and retooled Wollstonecraft’s idea that women’s rights are human rights to (1) create solidarity among women of different places, races, classes, religions etc., (2) break the silence surrounding the experience and meaning of rape, and (3) create grassroots, national and international forums that expose the fact that sexual violence is one of the crucial anchors of patriarchy. Wollstonecraft believed that human rights were guaranteed by reason and God. We find that these rights are embodied and fragile. They depend on us to make them real. Addressing this responsibility, the paper ends with a question: Are we up to the task?

10

Pohľad do zrkadla alebo o schizofrénii paragrafu 241 zákona č. 140/1961 Sb.

70%

Čechmánek K.

Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

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2016

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vol. 155

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issue 7

604-618

EN

This article focuses on Slovak and Czech legal protection of human dignity in sexual matters through legal instruments of criminal law. The author examines the evolution of joint socialist rape crime legislation and its outcomes in two separate legal orders. The primary goal of the paper is to prove that the Slovak legal system does not provide sufficient protection for males against woman-on-man rape. Since the Slovak state fails in the terms of protection of men significantly, therefore it does not fulfil its obligation to protect human dignity with criminal law measures in accordance with the principle of equality. In comparison with the Czech legal order, we see considerably different approach despite of the same initial conditions. Differences were brought in by enacting Act no. 144/2001 Sb. which represented a step forward in terms of comprehensive legal protection from potential sexually oriented crimes. A Slovak legislator, therefore, gained a comparative advantage and a detailed guide for overcoming insufficient and rigid socialist – based legislation. In the end of the article, after exhaustive legal analysis, the author suggests a simple change of current Slovak criminal act which is already well known from Czech legal order

SK

Táto práca predstavuje náhľad do českej a slovenskej trestnoprávnej ochrany ľudskej dôstojnosti v sexuálnych veciach. Autor skúma vývoj spoločnej, socialistickej právnej úpravy trestného činu znásilnenia a jej vyústenie do dvoch samostatných právnych poriadkov. Primárnym zámerom je preukázať, že osoby mužského pohlavia nepožívajú v slovenskom právnom prostredí náležitú ochranu pred obráteným znásilnením, teda protiprávnym konaním ženy – páchateľky, ktorá násilím, hrozbou bezprostredného násilia alebo využitím bezbrannosti, donúti muža k súloži. Štát tak opomína svoj pozitívny záväzok zabezpečiť rovnakú trestnoprávnu ochranu ľudskej dôstojnosti pre všetkých, bez ohľadu na pohlavie. V porovnaní s českou právnou úpravou možno hovoriť o zásadne odlišnom prístupe k problému, a to napriek totožným východiskovým podmienkam.Rozdiely sú badateľné predovšetkým po prijatí zákona č. 144/2001 Sb., ktorý predstavoval významný krok smerom ku komplexnej ochrane potenciálnych obetí sexuálnej trestnej činnosti. Slovenský zákonodarca dostal ukážkový návod, ako sa vyrovnať s nepostačujúcou a rigidnou socialistickou právnou úpravou. Autor v závere článku, po dôkladnej analýze právneho stavu, navrhuje jednoduchú legislatívnu zmenu, ktoré je už dobre známa z českého právneho prostredia.

11

Przemoc seksualna wobec osób z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną

70%

Karwacka M.

Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej

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2013

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issue 2

57-74

EN

The article discusses the problem of sexual violence towards people with intellectual disabilities. It presents the definition and occurrence of this phenomenon by taking into account the difficulties in estimating the scale of sexual violence towards people with intellectual disabilities. Risk factors for sexual violence that are typical of the general population and people with intellectual disability are analyzed. People with intellectual disabilities are characterized as victims of sexual abuse. This article also deals with the consequences of experiencing sexual violence for the development of people with intellectual disabilities.

PL

The article discusses the problem of sexual violence towards people with intellectual disabilities. It presents the definition and occurrence of this phenomenon by taking into account the difficulties in estimating the scale of sexual violence towards people with intellectual disabilities. Risk factors for sexual violence that are typical of the general population and people with intellectual disability are analyzed. People with intellectual disabilities are characterized as victims of sexual abuse. This article also deals with the consequences of experiencing sexual violence for the development ofpeople with intellectual disabilities.

12

Wykorzystanie seksualne dziecka. Wyniki Ogólnopolskiej diagnozy skali i uwarunkowań krzywdzenia dzieci.

61%

Izdebska A., Pilarczyk K.

Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka

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2019

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vol. 18

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issue 3

68-97

PL

W artykule poddano analizie ustalenia badawcze Ogólnopolskiej diagnozy skali i uwarunkowań krzywdzenia dzieci dotyczące doświadczeń wykorzystania seksualnego w dzieciństwie. Deklaracje nastolatków w wieku 13–17 lat ujawniły, że 20% z nich padło ofiarą wykorzystania seksualnego bez kontaktu fizycznego, a 7% – z kontaktem fizycznym. Zdecydowanie częściej wykorzystanie seksualne było doświadczeniem dziewczyn (bez kontaktu fizycznego: 27%, z kontaktem fizycznym: 10%) niż chłopców (bez kontaktu fizycznego: 16%, z kontaktem fizycznym: 5%). Wyniki Diagnozy zestawiono z doniesieniami z pierwszej edycji badania z 2012 r. Analiza umożliwiła ponadto wyróżnienie czynników zwiększających ryzyko wystąpienia przemocy seksualnej (płeć, wiek, lokalizacja szkoły, nadużywanie alkoholu oraz choroba psychiczna osoby mieszkającej z dzieckiem). Wykazano również, że doświadczanie wybranych form przemocy seksualnej zwiększa szanse na wystąpienie zachowań samouszkadzających wśród młodzieży.

EN

The article examines the research findings of the National diagnosis of the scale and determinants of child abuse in Poland regarding the experience of child sexual abuse. Declarations by adolescents aged 13–17 revealed that 20% of them were victims of sexual abuse without physical contact and 7% of sexual abuse with physical contact. Much more often sexual abuse was the experience of girls (without physical contact: 27%; with physical contact: 10%) than boys (without physical contact: 16%; with physical contact: 5%). The results of the Diagnosis were compared with the reports from the first edition of this study from 2012. Analysis of the results of the study also made it possible to distinguish factors that increase the risk of sexual violence (gender, age, school location, alcohol abuse and mental illness of a person living with a child). It has also been shown that experiencing selected forms of sexual violence increases the chances of self-harming behavior among young people.

13

Doświadczenie bezradności cierpienia dziecka w narracjach słuchaczy studiów podyplomowych Profilaktyka przemocy seksualnej wobec dzieci i młodzieży

61%

Adamczyk B.

Edukacja Ustawiczna Dorosłych

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2021

|

issue 1

133-144

EN

The article addresses issues related to the experience of helplessness of a child’s suffering. The theoretical part presents the perspective of understanding the helplessness of a child experiencing sexual violence. The methodological part introduces the basic assumptions of the research project. The subject of the study was the helplessness of a victim of sexual violence, and the purpose was to identify significant determinants showing the helplessness of suffering of a child experiencing sexual violence and their description in the experience of study participants. The study used the narrative method following content analysis. The research problem took the form of a question: What is the experience of helpless suffering of a child in the narratives of post-graduate students preparing to work with an abused child? The research was conducted in 2019 among 23 post-graduate students preparing for counseling work. Obtained research results have allowed the emergence of subcategories within the examined categories that show the specificity and value of the helplessness of the suffering of the child described by the respondents - victims of sexual violence. In addition, the conclusions of the study are valuable for pedagogical practice, especially in the scope of enriching the educational offer for the teaching profession and teacher in relation to diagnostic, intervention and support activitiesfor people with experience of violence

PL

W artykule podjęto problematykę odnoszącą się do doświadczenia bezradności cierpienia dziecka. W części teoretycznej przedstawiono perspektywę rozumienia bezradności dziecka doświadczającego przemocy seksualnej. W części metodologicznej – podstawowe założenia projektu badawczego. Przedmiotem badań uczyniono bezradność ofiary przemocy seksualnej, zaś celem wyłonienie znaczących determinant ukazujących bezradność cierpienia dziecka doznającego przemocy seksualnej oraz ich opis w doświadczeniu uczestników badań. W badaniach posłużono się metodą narracyjną z wykorzystaniem analizy treści. Problem badawczy przyjął postać pytania: Jakie jest doświadczenie bezradności cierpienia dziecka w narracjach słuchaczy studiów podyplomowych przygotowujących się do pracy z dzieckiem krzywdzonym? Badania przeprowadzono w 2019 r. wśród 23 słuchaczy studiów podyplomowych, przygotowujących się do pracy poradniczej. Uzyskane wyniki badań pozwoliły na wyłonienie w ramach badanych kategorii subkategorie unaoczniające specyfikę i wartość opisywanych przez badanych doświadczeń bezradności cierpienia dziecka – ofiary przemocy seksualnej. Ponadto wnioski z badań są wartościowe dla praktyki pedagogicznej, szczególnie w zakresie wzbogacania oferty kształcenia do zawodu nauczyciela oraz pedagoga w odniesieniu do działań diagnostycznych, interwencyjnych i wspierających osoby z doświadczeniami przemocy.

14

Misrecognized Violence against Women and Perpetrated by Women. Seeking Remedies

61%

Dutka J.

Ethics in Progress

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2014

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vol. 5

|

issue 2

187-203

EN

This paper explores the misrecognition of women's experience with violence in order to understand better what kinds of approaches to the problem would make it possible to design successful strategies for the prevention of violence. Violence itself, as well as common misconceptions regarding its mechanisms, carries ramifications that go far beyond direct and physical injury. The prevalence of violence and lack of social awareness regarding its mechanisms result in limitations to the social participation of many individuals and groups. Among the groups affected, women have an important place, both due to their number and the way that femininity relates to and disturbs other identities.

15

Sexual violence against a child in the social service workers’ views. A commentary to the studies

61%

Dworakowska J.

Roczniki Teologiczne

|

2016

|

vol. 63

|

issue 1: Praca socjalna - English Version

103-120

EN

For the full and harmonious development of their personality children should grow up in a family environment in an atmosphere of happiness, love and understanding. In many families, children are not provided with fundamental rights and fulfillment of their needs: safety, love, acceptance, and respect. Their sense of dignity collapses, they are prohibited from revealing emotions and thoughts. All this triggers a sense of shame, anger and fear, which are often passed on to the child’s functioning in different environments. The phenomenon of violence against children in the family – care deprivation, negligence of their emotionality as well as of bringing up, physical and mental harm, beatings, abuse, and sexual abuse are not uncommon. The issue of various types of child abuse, its recognition, intervention as well as prevention, and helping those children is a concern and a great challenge not only for teachers, educators, psychologists, therapists, but for the whole society, too. In the first part of the considerations theoretical framework for difficult issues posed by sexual violence against children has been presented. An attempt at defining the problem has been presented: a form of sexual abuse, signals that may indicate that the child was the object of sexual violence and direct and long-term consequences of sexual violence against a child. In the second part, in a form of commentary the results of the author’s own research regarding the various categories of respondents, who are employees of the social services on sexual violence against a child have been thoroughly analyzed.

16

Impact of rape-myths on judiciary proceedings: A lack of acknowledgement in the European Court of Human Rights case-law

51%

Prażmowska-Marcinowska K.

Forum Polityki Kryminalnej

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2022

|

issue 1(3)

1-24

PL

Mity wspierające kulturę gwałtu można zdefiniować jako krzywdzące, stereotypowe lub fałszywe przekonania na temat gwałtu, ofiar gwałtu i gwałcicieli, obejmujące takie twierdzenia, jak: kobiety mają na myśli „tak”, gdy mówią „nie”; kobiety prowokują gwałt; jeśli kobieta nie chce być zgwałcona, będzie walczyć za wszelką cenę. Te wszechobecne postawy społeczne mogą mieć szkodliwy wpływ na ofiary przemocy seksualnej, zwłaszcza gdy są one stosowane w trakcie postępowań. W związku z tym celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza wpływu mitów na postrzeganie ofiar przemocy seksualnej w trakcie oficjalnych postępowań na przykładzie orzecznictwa Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka (ETPCz). Pierwsza część wyjaśnia pojęcie mitów o gwałcie, podczas gdy druga część zawiera analizę orzecznictwa ETPCz. Wreszcie ostatnia część sugeruje nowe podejście do spraw dotyczących przemocy seksualnej.

EN

Rape myths can be defined as prejudicial, stereotyped or false beliefs about rape, rape victims, and rapists, and they include common opinions whereby women mean “yes” when they say “no”; women provoke rape; if a woman does not want to be raped, she will just fight back at any cost. These pervasive social attitudes can have a detrimental effect on victims of sexual violence, especially when employed by authorities during official proceedings. As such, this article aims at analyzing to what extent rape myths affect the perception of victims of sexual violence during the official proceedings on the example of the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). Thus the first part explains the notion of rape myths, while the second part provides an analysis of the jurisprudence of the ECHR. Lastly, the final part suggests new approach to cases concerning sexual violence.

17

Przemoc seksualna jako broń w konfliktach zbrojnych na przykładzie działań Państwa Islamskiego wobec Jazydek

51%

Tomaszewska P., Tomaszewska S.

Nowa Polityka Wschodnia

|

2020

|

vol. 2(25)

128–145

EN

The dissertation consists of the analysis of the criminal activity of the „Islamic State” toward Yazidis women. Religious and political reasons for the crimes committed on this religious minority will be presented. The authors will present, for example, among others selected articles from the “Dabiq” magazine or the pamphlet entitled The questions and answers on Hostages and Slaves. It was published in 2015 by an organization, in which an interpretation of Islamic law with regard to justification for sexual slavery was made subsequently. The authors will also refer to numerous reports of non-governmental organizations. The current situation of Yazidi women and the issue of bringing to justice the perpetrators of the crime committed in Yazidi will be analyzed.

RU

Статья содержит анализ преступной деятельности «Исламского государства» по от¬ношению к езидским женщинам. В ней представлены религиозные и политические причины преступлений, совершенных в отношении этого религиозного меньшин¬ства. Авторы анализируют, например, отдельные статьи из журнала «Dabiq» или брошюру, озаглавленную Вопросы и ответы о заложниках и рабах. Брошюра была опубликована в 2015 году организацией и содержала интерпретацию исламского закона в отношении оправдания сексуального рабства. Авторы также ссылаются на многочисленные доклады неправительственных организаций. В статье анали¬зируется текущее положение езидских женщин, а также вопрос о привлечении кответственности лиц, совершивших преступления против езидов.

18

Ryzykowne zachowania seksualne mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności

51%

Łukaszek M.

Rocznik Lubuski

|

2014

|

vol. 40

|

issue 1

157-174

PL

Ryzykowne zachowania seksualne stanowią istotny element stylu życia osób niedostosowanych społecznie. Fakt ten wynika przede wszystkim ze: specyficznej hierarchii wartości tej grupy osób; dogmatycznej integracji ich postaw; odurzania się i uzależnienia od środków psychoaktywnych; psychopatycznej struktury osobowości części z nich. Ryzykowne zachowania seksualne traktować należy jako symptomy niedostosowania społecznego i dlatego powinny podlegać oddziaływaniom resocjalizacyjnym. Prezentowane wyniki pochodzą z pilotażu badań przeprowadzonego w 2013 roku na terenie Zakładu Karnego w Rzeszowie. Jego głównym celem była diagnoza postaw mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności wobec życia seksualnego i partnerek seksualnych. Zaprezentowany materiał jest próbą udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytanie o stopień ryzykowności zachowań seksualnych badanych i stopień respektowania przez nich seksualnej normy partnerskiej oraz uwarunkowania tych zjawisk. Na podstawie analiz stwierdzono, iż w odniesieniu do ponad 46% badanych możemy wnioskować o wybitnym bądź wysokim stopniu ryzykowności zachowań seksualnych, w odniesieniu do 35% o znacznym, zaś jedynie do 4,2% o niskim. W badaniach stwierdzono, że niemal 79% badanych deklaruje bardzo słaby stopień respektowania seksualnej normy partnerskiej. Jedynie w odniesieniu do niecałych 10% możemy mówić o stopniu zadowalającym w tym względzie.

EN

Risk sexual behaviours are an important element of lifestyle of socially maladjusted persons. This fact is mainly due to the following factors: the specific hierarchy of values of this group of people; dogmatic integration of their attitudes; intoxication and drug addiction; psychopathic personality structure of some of them. Risk sexual behaviours shall be treated as social maladjustment symptoms and therefore should be subject to correctional rehabilitation. Presented results come from the pilot study conducted in 2013 in the Correctional Facility in Rzeszow. The main purpose of the research was the diagnosis of attitudes of men serving prison sentences towards sex life and sex female partners. The presented material is an attempt to answer the question about the degree of the riskiness of sexual behaviours of the investigated, the degree of respecting a sexual partnership norm by them and determinants of these phenomena. On the basis of the analyses it was concluded that in regard to more than 46% of the respondents we can talk about an outstanding or high degree of the riskiness of sexual behaviours, in relation to 35% - a significant one, whereas only 4.2% of the examined showed a low degree of riskiness. The research found that nearly 79% declare a very low degree of respecting a sexual partnership norm. Only for less than 10% we can talk about a satisfactory degree in this regard.

19

Pisanie historii przemocy seksualnej: przekraczanie granic

51%

Pető A.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

|

2015

|

issue 2(26)

27-37

EN

Writing the History of Sexual Violence – Beyond Borders The article reviews the present research and discourses on rapes committed by Red Army soldiers in Hungary. The article after defining two analytical frameworks present in the Hungarian historiography, the intentionalist and the structuralist, tries to overcome this dichotomy with analysing visual sources.

20

Etyczne aspekty badania przemocy seksualnej

51%

Izdebski Z., Łukaszek M.

Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka

|

2018

|

vol. 17

|

issue 2

117 - 146

PL

Artykuł odnosi się do etyki badań przemocy seksualnej. Zagadnienia te ujęte są w różnych kodeksach, ale ich rozproszenie oraz kierowanie do poszczególnych grup zawodowych powoduje brak szerszego ujęcia problemu. Stwierdzono, że nieetyczne jest rezygnowanie z podejmowania badań dotyczących przemocy seksualnej, ponieważ brak wniosków z rzetelnych diagnoz uniemożliwia niesienie skutecznej pomocy. Nieetyczne jest także realizowanie badań bez dokładnego respektowania zasad etycznych. Należy dołożyć wszelkich starań, aby osoby badane czuły się traktowane podmiotowo: udzielić pełnej i prawdziwej informacji o badaniu (celach, przedmiocie, przebiegu, zagrożeniach), zadbać o dobrowolną oraz świadomą zgodę, zagwarantować anonimowość badanych i poufność wypowiedzi, a także minimalizować ryzyko negatywnych skutków badania. Trzeba dążyć do osiągnięcia przez badanych korzyści: przerwania przemocy, uzyskania dostępu do informacji i interwencji. Organizujący badania są odpowiedzialni za współpracowników. Koniecznością jest przeprowadzenie selekcji kandydatów według przygotowania merytorycznego i kompetencji społecznych. Niezbędne jest stałe monitorowanie procesu badawczego i udzielanie wsparcia merytorycznego oraz psychologicznego ankieterom. Publikacja wyników musi gwarantować anonimowość respondentów i klarowne przedstawienie wyników, aby były one właściwie zinterpretowane przez odbiorców. Rekomenduje się poddawanie projektów badawczych ocenie komisji etycznej.

EN

The article describes the ethics of research on sexual violence. The aspects are studied upon in many codes, but due to the fact that they are dispersed in various articles and they are dedicated to particular professional groups, the problem is not studied on a greater scale. It was stated that it is unethical to give up research on sexual violence, as the lack of reliable research results prevents from bringing help. It is neither ethical to conduct research without respecting ethical rules. It is important to make effort to ensure participants that they are treated individually: they should be provided with full and true information concerning the research (its objectives, subject, course and risks); they should give their voluntary and conscious consent to participate; they should be assured of their anonymity and answers confidentiality; the risk of negative research consequences should be reduced to minimum. It is crucial to aim at positive research consequences - the end to violence, gaining access to information and prevention. Everyone who does research is responsible for their coworkers. It is indispensable to select candidates on the basis of their substantive preparation and social competences. It is also important to constantly monitor the research course and being supportive, including substantive and psychological help, towards research participants. The publication of results needs to guarantee respondents’ anonymity and clear way of presentation so that they are correctly interpreted by research audience. It is recommended to pass the research projects under the evaluation of ethics commissions.

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