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Contemporary thieves in Poland - their crime and punishment

100%
Klimczak J.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Kryminologicznego im. prof. Stanisława Batawii
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2018
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vol. 25
184-190
EN
Theft is one of the oldest and clearly condemned crime in history. It takes a significant part in the crime structure in Poland. Nevertheless, it seems to be a forgotten and uninteresting subject among modern criminological research. In public opinion, theft invariably causes indignation,and the way of punishing thieves is a field of interest for both public opinion and politicians.In Poland, theft is an offence that can either be prosecuted as a misdemeanor or a crime –it depends on the value of the property stolen. Therefore, legal penalties for crime related to theft may vary considerably. It is precisely this line between misdemeanor and crime that is currently being discussed in Poland. To talk about changes concerning the punishment of thieves,one should first check what is the current state of the criminal policy in this regard. Therefore, I want to present the results of the research, which I carried out at the Institute of Justice in 2017.I examined randomly selected court files of two above mention categories of theft, which ended validly and in which the enforcement proceedings ended in 2016. The research was conducted on 420 cases (including 233 misdemeanor and 187 crime cases). On the basis of the collected material emerges the image of the criminal policy against thieves who stood before the court,which gives the opportunity to consider whether and what changes in the law can be predicted against the perpetrators of the simple theft.
2
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Kradzież dla przyjemności: „shoplifting” i „joyriding”

99%
Melosik Z.
Studia Edukacyjne
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2020
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issue 59
31-48
EN
The article analyses two kinds of theft for pleasure: shoplifting and joyriding. Both are connected with stealing which is not aimed at getting money or fulfilment of real-life needs. The origin of both can be found in orientation, especially of young people, towards risky behavior, excitement and achieving status as well as visibility in the peer group. Shoplifting is more typical of women, who steal items like cosmetics or underwear for personal use. During joyriding, young men from lower classes want to express their masculinity. They steal cars to ride without any specific aim and ultimately destroy the vehicles. These phenomena are considered against the background of changes in contemporary culture and especially the content disseminated by mass media.
3
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Charakterystyka czynu i sprawcy kradzieży na przykładzie postępowań sądowych

87%
Klimczak J.
Archiwum Kryminologii
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2019
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issue XLI/1
381-438
EN
This article compares the features of contemporary theft and its perpetrators with the characteristics of theft before the transformation in Poland. For this purpose, two studies on theft were compared – one from 2017 and one from 1979. This procedure made it possible to compare the objects of theft, the way it is perpetrated, the characteristics of its perpetrators, and the methods by which it is detected, as well as the punitive measures applied. The material gathered showed both differences and consistencies in the compared cases.
PL
Przedmiotem tekstu jest porównanie współczesnej charakterystyki czynu i sprawców kradzieży z ich obrazem sprzed transformacji w Polsce. W tym celu zestawiono wyniki dwóch badań aktowych spraw sądowych kradzieży – z 2017 r. oraz z 1979 r. Zabieg ten umożliwił porównanie przedmiotu kradzieży, sposobu ich popełnienia, sylwetek sprawców, a także zastosowanych środków reakcji karnej. Zebrany materiał ukazał zarówno zmiany, jak i prawidłowości w porównywanych sprawach.
4
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Inhibiting Factors in a Hypothetical Shoplifting Situation - a Contribution to Crime Prevention

86%
Ferreira E., Carvalho H.
Issues of Business and Law
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2009
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vol. 1
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issue 1
101-114
EN
This paper addresses the relation between public urban safety and crime. It is assumed that crime prevention is a crucial tool to promote urban safety and that crime prevention programmes or measures must be designed and implemented based on knowledge about what tends to inhibit people from committing a certain crime. It is also assumed that inhibiting factors are, quite frequently, socially constructed and imposed, meaning that an individual hypothetical decision of offending, or not offending, is influenced by socially constructed ethical values, moral values and perceived social cost. In other words, it is assumed that an individual decision is not unique, in that it is felt, fought and implemented to cope with a particular situation. Results of an exploratory empirical study support these assumptions. A sample of 200 inhabitants of Lisbon was used in an inquiry into what kind of factors would inhibit each respondent from committing several hypothetical offences, namely shoplifting. Data was analysed using three methods of multivariate analysis: Multiple Correspondence Analysis, Cluster Analysis and Categorical Regression. Results show that decisions are influenced by a complex set of factors. First, each decision is influenced by ethical and moral values and by perceived social cost which are mainly socially configured. Secondly, clear and significant differences are found between groups configured by inhibiting factors. Ethical and moral values and perceived social cost did not appear as unique in that each individual constructs them from a given situation. This means that socially configured ethical and moral values, not a unique situational morality, as well as perceived social cost can inhibit shoplifting. Implications for crime prevention design and implementation are analysed and discussed.
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