Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 13

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  silk
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
EN
Chinese silk has a long history. The sericulture began in Neolithic times. Before the Western Zhou period (1600-1046 BC) the most popular textiles were plain weaved (juan) and gauzes (sha and luo). During the kingship of the Zhou dynasty (Western and Eastern) new types of textiles began to be woven, for example: pseudo-damasks (qi and han qi) and warp faced compound tabby (jin). The most beautiful four-color, and five-color jin fabrics were woven in Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). In this period China came in contact with the Western world. It was the beginning of the so-called Silk Road. Weaving technique still flourished during the next periods. The first samit textiles (often decorated with Persian motives) were weaved during the Tang dynasty. The sericulture was a ritual practiced in the common households and royal courts. The silkworm had its own temples and goddess.
EN
Textiles have always played an important role in human life. They accompany us from birth till death and even later, in our place of eternal rest. Treated often marginally, they have also been a significant element of modern burghers’ houses equipment, securing privacy, providing warmth, isolating from noise or interfering looks. Used in bedrooms, kitchens, pantries or living rooms, they have made our mundane chores easier, but also have been the subject of admiration and envy of the visitors, confirming the owners’ wealth. The article’s purpose is to demonstrate brief review of modern silk decorative textiles, obtained during archaeological explorations in Elbląg, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland. Textiles from urban sites in Poland preserve very rarely, and are regarded as exceptional finds, with unique historical value. They confirm presently the existence of plentitude of various textiles, which are presented in inventories of properties and in post-medieval burghers’ last wills.
PL
Tkaniny spełniały i spełniają bardzo istotną rolę w życiu człowieka. Towarzyszą mu od chwili narodzin po śmierć, a także i później, w miejscu wiecznego spoczynku. Często marginalizowane, stanowiły istotny element wyposażenia nowożytnych domów mieszczańskich. Zapewniały prywatność, ciepło, izolowały przez zgiełkiem czy wścibskim spojrzeniem. Użytkowane w sypialniach, kuchniach, spiżarkach czy na salonach potrafiły zarówno ułatwić wykonywanie codziennych czynności jak i wzbudzać podziw i zazdrość gości, świadcząc o zamożności właścicieli. Artykuł przedstawia krótką charakterystykę nowożytnych jedwabnych tkanin dekoracyjnych pozyskanych w trakcie badań archeologicznych w Elblągu, woj. Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Polska. Tkaniny z badań miejskich w Polsce zachowują się niezwykle rzadko, stanowią nieliczną grupę zabytków o znacznych walorach poznawczych. Potwierdzają obfitość tkanin jaka przedstawiana jest w spisach inwentarzy rzeczy ruchomych i w nowożytnych testamentach mieszczańskich.
EN
Originating from wealthy families, funerals that took place in the 17th and 18th c were in fact theatrical performances, with a major part being played by colour, luxurious textiles and all other elements connected with burial ceremonies, e.g. 3000 candles. Clothes and haberdashery (as well as footwear, gloves, stockings, bands), made of silk fabrics were regarded as luxurious objects in the Middle Ages and Modern Times. Silk yarn was also used for upholstery textile production. Coffins were upholstered in these periods using: silk, wool and linen. Silk presented in the article, belongs to plain fabrics in weave 1/1, but also satins, velvets and damasks. Ornamenting motifs took the form of geometric shapes and flora. Archaeological material rarely delivers original textile colour, because it usually appears in yellow and green as a result of pigment decomposition. However, the textiles discussed here revealed red fabrics in various shades. The selected coffin upholstery comes from archaeological explorations in churches from Szczuczyn, Gniew, Lublin and Toruń.
EN
During the inventory-arranging works inside the western and eastern crypts under the presbytery conducted in the church of The Name of the Holy Virgin Mary in Szczuczyn, two examples of women’s eighteenth-century shoes were found. The first specimen represents a slip-on, leather shoe decorated with silk ribbons. The second one belongs to the class of footwear with a textile upper fastened with a buckle. Excellent conditions prevailing in the crypts ensured that the artefacts have been preserved in very good condition. This permitted detailed research on the raw materials used in constructing the footwear to be conducted. Textiles, leather and wood were subjected to microscopic analysis
EN
Archaeological research in the crypt of the Church of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in Łuków was conducted by the Institute of Archaeology of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. During the research, the crypt was cleared of contemporary rubbish, three trenches and two trial excavations were delineated. Additional wall and foundation reinforcements made in 1889 were discovered. Among other things, fragments of kontush belts, fabrics from grave robes and coffin upholstery were found, as well as metal (medals, crosses, coins), glass (ampoules, bottles, votive candles) and wooden objects (fragments of coffins, formwork posts).
EN
The relationships between the Roman Empire and the Chinese Empire existed, although different sources seem to indicate that they had only an indirect nature. They took place both by land and by sea. These contacts began around the turn of the era and continued until the end of European antiquity. They were then continued by Byzantium. Although these relationships were intermediate, both the Chinese and the Romans knew about each other. However, this knowledge was very unclear, and overshadowed by mythic imagination. However, there is evidence that both empires tried to get closer, but this never occurred. This does not change the fact that Chinese silk reached the Roman Empire, and Roman products like coins and glass cups were imported into the Middle Kingdom.
PL
W 2018 roku przy kościele parafialnym pw. Wniebowzięcia NMP w Lutomiersku prowadzone były sondażowe badania archeologiczne. W ich wyniku w jednym z grobów natrafiono na brązową lub mosiężną ikonkę podróżną powstałą w wytwórni w Guślicach (Rosja) w XIX lub na początku XX w. Lutomierski egzemplarz ikony jest tryptykiem, składającym się na podobieństwo ołtarza. We wnętrzu umieszczona jest postać Matki Boskiej Iwerskiej, której pierwowzór związany jest z monastyrem Iwiron na Górze Athos w Grecji. Przedmiot dodatkowo znajdował się w woreczku jedwabnym. Znalezisko to poświadcza, że na lutomierskim cmentarzu przykościelnym być może chowano także wyznawców prawosławia.
EN
During archaeological works carried out at the cemetery of the parish church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in Lutomiersk, a bronze or brass traveller’s icon was found in one of the graves. It was made in Guślice (Russia) in the 19th or early 20th century. The icon has the form of triptych, folding like an altar. Inside is the figure of the Holy Virgin, whose prototype is connected with the Iwiron monastery on Mount Athos in Greece. The icon was inside a silk pouch. This find indicates that members of the Orthodox Church were buried at Lutomiersk church cemetery.
EN
The number of archaeological explorations of churches has increased in recent years. Inside medieval or Baroque temples, researchers report much more favourable conditions for the preservation of various kinds of artefacts which have been placed inside coffins as grave goods, in particular organic materials such as silk, leather, and wood). Exploring the northern crypt of St. Nicolas church in Gniew, the researchers’ attention was focused on a child burial (aged 10–14). Despite the large number of exceptional finds supplied by this site, this one stood out as all the entire coffin space had been filled with silk bands and ribbons with green corrosion products on their surfaces. Preliminary examination showed that they were bunches of metal bands which had originally been meant to imitate plant branches. The decision was made to expand traditional technological analyses of archaeometrical tests of both textiles and metal appliqués. The material presented below is the first part of these analyses.
EN
The paper presents so-far unpublished fragments of Late Antique silk fabrics in the Jagiellonian University Museum (MUJ). According to the archival documentation they derive from the collection of the Alsatian archaeologist, Robert Forrer (1866–1947), who was one of the pioneering collectors and dealers in Late Antique textiles from Egypt. Silks in the MUJ belong to the group of “Zachariasstoffe”, said to be found in Akhmim in Upper Egypt. Parallel fragments can be found in many European and American museums.
EN
Archaeological exploration of the southern crypt in the church of the Exaltation of the Holly Cross in Tczew revealed details of excavated burials, although apparently only in small parts. Unfortunately, disorder in the crypt, caused by intruders in the past, contributed to damages in original coffins location and individual body protections, i.e. wooden coffins. Their shorter sides, which sometimes contain information concerning the dead, did not survive. Their total destruction was an obstacle in identifying the buried bodies, but the researchers continued exploration, which revealed textiles, wreaths fragments and devotional objects, being grave goods. General question concerns the problems: who was buried in the crypt, when it was erected and who financed the project. Analysis of excavated objects, costume study and search for written sources let us partially reveal history of the studied crypt.
PL
Badania archeologiczne w krypcie południowej kościoła farnego pw. Podwyższenia Krzyża Św. w Tczewie odsłoniły szczegóły dotyczące odnalezionych pochówków, wydawałoby się w niewielkim zakresie. Niestety bałagan panujący w krypcie spowodowany przez intruzów odwiedzających ten przybytek, pozbawił zmarłych ich pierwotnej lokalizacji i indywidualnej osłony w postaci drewnianych trumien. Nie zachowały się w całości krótkie boki trumien, na których czasami znajdowane są informacje dotyczące zmarłych. Całkowite zniszczenie tych elementów pozbawiło badaczy indywidualnych informacji. Jednak sytuacja ta nie zniechęciła badaczy do dalszej eksploracji. Wydobyto tkaniny, fragmenty wianków czy dewocjonalia, w które wyposażono zmarłych. Główne pytanie, to: kto spoczął w krypcie, kiedy została wybudowana i kto finansował realizację jej projektu? Analiza wydobytych obiektów archeologicznych, kostiumologiczna i oczywiście poszukiwanie źródeł pisanych oraz studia nad nimi, pozwoliły przynajmniej w częściowym zakresie przybliżyć historię funkcjonowania badanej krypty.
PL
Celem artykułu jest poszerzenie wiedzy ogólnej na temat ozdób liturgicznych, a także przybliżenie czytelnikom znaczenia zbiorów zgromadzonych w Bazylice Katedralnej, Klasztorze Św. Franciszka i Klasztorze Karmelitanek Bosych (Nazarenas) w Limie. Dzieła te nie tylko prezentują treści istotne z punktu widzenia języka symbolicznego propagowanego przez Kościół, lecz także inkorporują walory estetyczne pochodzenia lokalnego.
EN
The purpose of this article is to contribute to the knowledge of liturgical ornaments in general, as well as to bring readers closer to understanding of the importance of the collections of the Cathedral Basilica of Lima, the San Francisco Convent and the Nazarenas Carmelitas Descalzas Monastery. These works not only present contents and particularities based on their symbolic character promoted by the Church, but also integrate plastic values of local origin.
PL
Zarys treści: Autorki omawiają dwa zabytki znalezione w trakcie badań archeologicznych w Kruszwicy. Według niej jeden z nich to fragment stuły, a drugi to cingulum.Abstract: The author writes about two monuments discovered in the course of archaeological excavations in Kruszwica and claims that one is a fragment of a stole, while the other – a cingulum.
EN
This study concerns two objects discovered in 1960 in the course of excavations conducted in the collegiate church of St. Peter and St. Paul in Kruszwica. The findings in question involve embroidery in silk and metal threads on plain and incised satinum. One of the pieces of embroidery shows the figures of bishops, and the other – Latin inscriptions. An analysis of the weaving and embroidery material and techniques as well as a comparative analysis of similar objects from the same period made it possible to formulate a hypothesis about their origin and significance: the first is a fragment of a stole, and the second is a cingulum.
EN
The Bible mentions several luxury goods (sapphire, emerald, carnelian, topaz, silk, ivory, spikenard, cinnamon, amomum) that were imported by the Roman Empire from South and East Asia via various routes during the 1st-4th centuries CE. The list of goods that appear in the pages of the New Testament testifies to the sound understanding of economic realities that were displayed by the biblical authors and corresponds to the knowledge of Rome's trade contacts with Asian countries.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.