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Monety z badań zamku w Człuchowie w latach 2010–2013

100%

Milejski P.

Pomorania Antiqua

2020

vol. Tom XXIX

s. 267-278

Eight single coins have been found in archaeological excavations in the Człuchów castle, conducted in the years 2010–2013. The head of the investigation was PhD Michał Starski from Institute of Archaeology, University of Warsaw. The collected material consisted of four mediaeval and four post-medieval coins. The oldest is a Teutonic Order hohlpfennig, type Gate II , dated to 1327/8–1337/8. The same type of coin was discovered during earlier research. The next coin is a shilling of Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen. This coin is in a very poor condition, heavily worn on both sides and broken. Therefore, its identification is hypothetical. The last coins that can be dated broadly on the border between the Middle Ages and the Post-medieval period, 1457–1526, are the two hohlpfennigs minted in Toruń mint. These coins are characterized by the representation of a double cross in the field. The issue of these coins begins in 1457, when King Casimir IV grants the city a mint privilege. Both specimens were subjected to metallographic examination using the SE M-EDS technique. Both pfennigs were assigned to the C1.5 type according to Paszkiewicz typology. The silver content in the tested bracteates is at the level of 60÷74%, with 21÷35% copper admixture. We can see that coins of this type were made of medium quality alloy, as 10–12 lots (625–750/1000). Trace amounts of gold and mercury are also noticeable, but in both cases they can be natural admixtures of ore. The 16th century did not bring any coins. From the 17th century we know three coins - two identified and one hypothetically identified. One one-and-half groschen minted in Elbląg and two shillings were registered – one confidently identified, from the Toruń mint and one with a hypothetically assigned attribution. One-and-half grochen comes from the time when Elbląg was occupied by the Swedish army, which occurred in 1626. It was minted during the times of Gustavus Adolphus, in 1631. The first of the found shillings was issued in the Toruń mint in 1671 during the reign of King Michael. A second coin, which can also be a shilling, due to its appearance and style, we carefully identify as copper shilling of John Casimir, but due to the incompleteness and numerous scratches on both sides of the coin, our identification is uncertain. The last coin recorded during research is the Prussian ½ silver groschen from 1828 minted in the Berlin mint during the times of Frederick William III . We can assume that the coin got into the soil directly from the money circulation, shortly after the issue. Archaeological excavation on one of the most important castles of the Teutonic Order brought new material for research on money circulation in Danzig Pomerania (Pomerelia). All numismatic items unearthed during the works are single finds which is usually used to contain into small commercial transactions. Particularly puzzling is the lack of coins of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth – both Polish and Lithuanian – which we know from previous excavation from five specimens. We only noted the uncertainly identified copper shilling of John Casimir. No Gdańsk coin was noted, but three products of the Toruń mint were registered. Reaserch at the Człuchów castle is continued by PhD Michał Starski, and new numismatic finds on this site are only a matter of time.

Recording recent Roman coin finds from Poland (2004-2007)

100%

Dymowski A.

Wiadomości Numizmatyczne

2008

vol. 52

issue 2(186)

195-208

The number of new, amateur finds of Roman coins have been increasing rapidly in recent years. Researchers generally agree that coins from amateur finds are fully legitimate numismatic sources. It is estimated that non-archaeologists made no less than 90% of old discoveries of Roman coins from the area of central Barbaricum. This is also true for the beginning of the 21st century. The disadvantage of this situation lies in the fact that the lack of information about the context of most of the amateur finds significantly decrease their source value for archaeology. However, the mass representation of the material is a big advantage. In order to obtain more data on new discoveries from Poland, it was necessary to develop a project that would allow for collecting anonymous information about finds of Roman coins. The scheme of action was thus based on two kinds of activities. One of them involved searching information about the new discoveries of coins on the Internet and then expanding and verifying these data. The other involved propagating the project of recording finds as wide as it was possible in order to encourage finders to pass as much information about their discoveries as possible. During the realisation of the project, from May 2004 to November 2007, the number of 518 pieces of anonymous information had been gathered. This material comprised of 1,028 Roman coins from 448 finds. Among the newly reported finds, there were: 11 treasures and 437 small finds (113 group finds and 324 single finds). Basing on the collected data, we may assume that single finds of Roman coins are relatively rare in Poland, which can mean that they usually appear in a broader archaeological context. Unfortunately, in most cases we have no information about the context whatsoever. Some interesting observations on the collected material are worth mentioning here: • Republican denarii quite frequently occurred in small finds; • Denarii subaeratii also occurred quite frequently; we may assume that no less than 10 percent of all small finds of Roman denarii in Poland were in fact denarii subaeratii; • Three hoards similar to Drzewicz hoard were discovered in the basin of Bzura river, which may suggest that there were “Drzewicz type” hoards in that area; • The example of four hoards found in the Polish Jura suggests that hoards deposited on this territory in the Migration Period often contained a number of denarii and jewelry, including gold coins adapted for pendants. General methods of critical approach to such new material are still being developed, since information regarding the coins and the circumstances of their discovery happened sometimes to be, no matter if intentionally or not, false or distorted. Registration activities were continued in 2008 which resulted in capturing two important single finds: a siliqua of Constantius II discovered in a field in the village Prusice (commune Złotoryja) and a solidus of Arcadius found in a field in Rotmanka in the suburbs of Gdansk (6 figures, 2 tables).

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1 Pomorania Antiqua

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1 Milejski P.

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Monety z badań zamku w Człuchowie w latach 2010–2013

Recording recent Roman coin finds from Poland (2004-2007)