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EN
The Open Society and Its Enemies, extended beyond the narrow confines of the specialist genre. The praise of war as a means of strengthening the state or the admiration of “world historical” personalities such as Caesar or Napoleon – all encapsulated in the shocking statement: what is real is rational – are read as a clear exaltation of the status quo, that Prussian state in which history found its culmination and Hegel his coveted position of power. The statement “So much the worse for reality,” with which Hegel allegedly answered a criticism of his dissertation on planetary orbits, extends this cynical moment to his theoretical philosophy as well. In the article, I will first touch on why this topic is, right from the start, factually wrong; in the next part, I will focus on the conceptual side of the problem. My thesis is that Hegel‘s cynicism is real, but its function is primarily didactic, manifesting a complicated logical structure of our speech concerning that which “is.”
CS
Cynismus Hegelovy filosofie je téma, které již dávno, rozhodně od Popperovy Otevřené společnosti, přesahuje úzké hranice odborného žánru. Chvála války jako prostředku utužování státu či obdiv k „světodějným“ osobnostem typu Caesara či Napoleona, to vše shrnuté v šokujícím tvrzení: co je skutečné, je rozumné, jsou čteny jako jasné vyzdvihování statu quo, tedy pruského státu, v němž našly dějiny své vyvrcholení a Hegel kýženou mocenskou pozici. Výrok „Tím hůře pro skutečnost“, který údajně Hegel pronesl v reakci na kritiku své disertace o planetárních drahách, rozšiřuje tento cynický moment i na jeho teoretickou filosofii. V článku nejprve zmíním, proč je tato představa už věcně chybná, v další části se pak zaměřím na pojmovou stránku problému. Má teze je, že Hegelův cynismus je sice reálný, jeho funkce je ale primárně didaktická, manifestující komplikovanou logickou strukturu naší řeči o tom, co „je“.
EN
The article proposes a contemporary reflection on Hegel’s famous quote “the real is the rational and the rational is the real” that tradition has often misinterpreted. Inspired by a new reading by JeanFrançois Kervégan (which translates the sentence “the rational will become effective/real and the real/effective will become rational”), the article focuses on one of the possible illustrations of this Hegelian thesis. Émile Zola’s novel The Work consists of a very interesting analysis of the notions of reality, effectiveness and rationality that the author applies to both literature and visual arts. Behind the controversies of Pierre Sandoz and Claude Lantier, it is possible to discern all the debates that opposed Émile Zola to his friend Paul Cézanne.
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