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EN
In 1944–1989 Poland’s communist authorities introduced a number of secular rituals, which — expressing new values — were manifested by relevant gestures and predictable vocabulary. The rituals served an important propaganda function. They were to legitimise the new government, strengthen its prestige, integrate party members, build society’s trust.
EN
The article contains an analysis and conclusions concerning the meaning of contemporary social slogans in the light of Sperber and Wilson’s Relevance Theory (1995) and the socalled Epistemic Vigilance discussed amongst others by Mascaro and Sperber (2009). The text begins with a presentation of the state of art of the contemporary research of slogans commonly existing in the social, economic and political spheres of life of modern societies. This is followed by an in-depth analysis of selected social slogans originating from billboards of the most popular social campaigns emphasising the innovative character of research and the significance of new theories in linguistic practice. The conclusion states the role of Epistemic Vigilance in comprehension of the often deceptive character of advertising campaigns.
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Kam s nimi? Hesla a nápisy v ulicích z listopadu 1989

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EN
From a distance of twenty years the author contemplates the short literary texts that accompanied the downfall of the totalitarian regime in Czechoslovakia in the year 1989. Slogans and inscriptions, hanged out by hundreds on the busy places of political protests, belong to the symbols shared in the process of social interaction and, at the same time, are distinguished by many aspects that classify them as folklore. The analysis of their unique character, historical importance and their possible use by other scientific disciplines is based in the collection of these communicates, preserved at the Institute of Ethnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague.
EN
The paper is a multimodal discourse analysis of Iraqi Parliamentary electoral posters in May 2018. It aims at finding out the ways and tools the political entities participating in those elections use in designing their posters and presenting themselves and their programs to the voters. The analysis involves 17 posters and uses a framework of analysis that suits the nature and purpose of the paper. These 17 posters represent entities and politicians with different political and social backgrounds. The results of the analysis reveal that some political entities represented by electoral posters have names, logos and slogans especially used for the 2018 elections while others either have ones already used in the previous elections or stick to their original ones which they use elsewhere. In most posters, there is a tendency to use the name of the country or a related word; some posters use words that may appeal to the voters through hinting at an alternative to the religious parties which have failed in ruling the country in the previous period, or words that promise change and reformation.
EN
The interdisciplinary oriented paper connects the linguistic, literary and media components against the background of the historical context. The study deals with political and ideological slogans published in the daily paper in 1968. It is structured into a theoretical part, which presents the basic terminological and contextual background, the function and meaning of political-ideological slogans in the press of the Communist party.The slogan is perceived here as a linguistic-communicative part of a specific language of the period of socialism, which was formed in an ideologically motivated space. On the other hand, the analysis focuses on the intertextual aspects of slogans and the basic motivic areas captured in it. The aim of the study is to reflect the events associated with the invasion of Warsaw Pact troops into Czechoslovakia through the intertextuality of slogans published from August 21 to September 21, 1968 in five Slovak dailies with national and regional validity.The analysis focuses on the intertextual motives of slogans and the basic motivic components from the field of politics, literature, culture or contemporary ideology captured in it.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia zjawisko sloganu reklamowego miasta jako komunikatu uzupełniającego i towarzyszącego jego nazwie (urbonimowi) w funkcji meta-denominacyjnej. Zebrane hasła promocyjne miast polskich poddane są refleksji na podstawie 10 wykładników interpretacji pragmatycznej. Wykazany zostaje efekt perlokucyjny tego typu sloganów, koncentrujących się głównie na przekazie informacji kulturowej o denominowanym obiekcie. Dodatkowa analiza strukturalna dowodzi, że na pragmatyczny wydźwięk sloganów miejskich ma także wpływ nadawana im forma językowa.
EN
The article presents the phenomenon of the cities advertising slogan serving as a complementary means of communication and acompagning the city names (urbonyms) and having metadenominative function. The collected promoting slogans of Polish cities were submitted to reflection on the basis of 10 exponents of pragmatic interpretation. The perlocutive effect of such kind of slogans was proved, concentrating mainly on the transition of cultural information regarding the denominative object. The additional structural analysis proves that the pragmatic implication of the city slogans is largely influenced by the lexical form given to them.
PL
Wizerunki prezentowane w reklamach są bardzo mocne i mają ogromny wpływ na nasze postrzeganie świata. Role kobiet i mężczyzn zmieniły się w ciągu ostatniego dziesięciolecia i dlatego warto zbadać sposób, w jaki są one postrzegane w reklamie. Cel naszego badania był dwojaki. Po pierwsze, chcieliśmy dowiedzieć się jak polscy studenci anglistyki, którymi są głównie kobiety, postrzegają wizerunek mężczyzny przedstawiany w reklamie. Naszym drugim celem była analiza postrzegania przez studentki sloganów zastosowanych w reklamach. W celu zebrania odpowiedzi na nasze pytania badawcze dotyczące wizerunku mężczyzn w reklamie, a także języka reklamy, postanowiliśmy przygotować specjalny kwestionariusz, w którym studentki były proszone o skomentowanie reklam związanych z danym wizerunkiem dotyczącym mężczyzn. Reklamy zostały wybrane na podstawie kategorii ustalonych przez Frith i Müeller (2010). Podczas analizy danych postanowiliśmy wykorzystać te kategorie, które opiszemy w części teoretycznej naszego artykułu. Uzyskane dane pozwoliły nam dowiedzieć się jaki jest wizerunek mężczyzn w reklamie oraz jaki rodzaj języka sprawia, że reklamy są skuteczne.
EN
Images presented in advertisements are very powerful and have huge impact on our perception of the world. The roles of women and men have changed within the last decade and therefore it is worth investigating the way they are perceived in advertising. The purpose of our study was twofold. First, we aimed to find out how Polish students from the English Department at a tertiary level institution in Poland, who are mainly females, perceive the image of a man in advertising. Our second purpose was to analyse their reception of slogans used in the advertisements. In order to find out the answers to our research questions concerning the image of males in advertising as well as language of advertising, we have decided to design a special questionnaire in which the students were asked to comment on advertisements associated with particular image concerning men. The advertisements had been chosen in relation to the categories established by Frith and Müeller (2010). While analysing the data we decided to use these categories, which are to be described in the theoretical part of the article. The obtained data has allowed us to find out what the image of a man is and what kind of language is used to make the advertisements effective.
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