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Przyczyny i skutki kryzysu finansowego w Islandii w 2008 roku

100%
Legutko A. J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2016
|
issue 2(950)
57-73
PL
Korzystając z literatury przedmiotu, w artykule przedstawiono studium przypadku Islandii jako państwa, które w 2008 r. stało się niemalże bankrutem. Zweryfikowano hipotezę, że model islandzki wychodzenia z zapaści gospodarczej może być uznany za panaceum na kryzysy finansowe. Scharakteryzowano gałęzie gospodarki Islandii, w tym sektor bankowy. Badając dokumenty, na podstawie danych z Hagstofa Islands zaprezentowano najważniejsze wskaźniki, w tym: PKB, saldo bilansu handlowego i stopę bezrobocia. Za pomocą metody analizy źródeł przedstawiono główną przyczynę krachu, czyli zapaść sektora finansowego, a także przyczyny pośrednie, jak budowa huty w Reyðarfjörður. Usystematyzowano także przebieg kryzysu, uwzględniając nie tylko sytuację gospodarczą, ale także społeczną i polityczną. Udowodniono, że model islandzki stosowany może być tylko w wybranych przypadkach ze względu na jego specyfikę i warunki.
EN
In a case study on Iceland, I carefully analyse a successful strategy for overcoming financial breakdown. The aim of article is to verify whether Iceland’s model could become a panacea for future crises. Various branches of the Icelandic economy are characterised, including the banking sector – the most important sector in a financial crash. Documents were analysed and data from the Hagstofa Islands were used to present essential indicators including GDP, trade balance and the unemployment rate. Source analysis method was then used to determine that the collapse of the financial sector was the main cause of the slump. Indirect causes such as the construction of a steelworks in Reyðarfjörður are also discussed. The events of the crisis are systematised, while the social and political situation are also considered. Changes in conditions of the state after the crash are provided and future forecasts about economic development are discussed. Ultimately, I reject the notion that Iceland’s model for overcoming the financial breakdown is a panacea for future crises. It is only applicable for particular cases.
2
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Comparative Analysis Of Balances Of Payments Of Ukraine And Poland In The Post-crisis Economic Environment

99%
Lypko N.
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
|
2013
|
vol. 16
|
issue 4
155-174
EN
The condition of a country’s balance of payments is a crucial factor for effective development in small open economies, such as Poland and Ukraine. Because of their dependence on the climate in international markets, Poland and Ukraine are especially vulnerable to fluctuations in the global situation. Thus it is essential for both national economies to develop effective instruments for adjusting their balance of payments accounts. This necessity in turn requires research into the main mechanisms used for making balance of payments adjustments for developing countries, since not all aspects have been yet explored. A comparative analysis of the balance of payments situations in these countries is conducted in this article, which aims to prove external similarities between both countries and explain why Poland has attained greater success in the process of overcoming the consequences of the global financial crisis. Such conclusions can be used as a roadmap for Ukraine on its way to adjustment of its balance of payments account. The main reason for such exploration is that Ukraine’s balance of payments is still operating in deficit conditions, which negatively affects the overall state of the national economy of the country.
3
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Changes In Competitiveness Among The Visegrad Countries After Accession To The European Union: A Comparative Analysis Based On A Generalized Double Diamond Model

99%
Molendowski E., Żmuda M.
Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe
|
2013
|
vol. 16
|
issue 4
121-153
EN
National competitiveness is a buzzword that awakens much interest and controversy. In its broadest perspective, it is seen as a modern way of describing the development efforts of nations in the times of globalization (Reinert 2001, p. 23-42). This means that forces driving the changes in the global economy: liberalization of international trade, booming investment by multinational enterprises and development of regional integration groupings, need to be included into the competitiveness model. Well-known and commonly used approach to national competitiveness: Porter’s diamond of competitive advantage does not however capture this international context. By concentrating solely on the elements of the domestic environment, the model does not show the complicated international linkages that have shaped the competitiveness of many countries. Especially in the case of small, open ‘catching-up’ economies, assessing national competitiveness solely on the basis of the potential of domestic companies, based on local conditions, does not fully reflect their developmental context, which is also driven by the complex networks of international interdependencies. Building upon the generalized double diamond model developed by Moon et al. (2000), this paper explores the extent to which economic relations with international partners and the activities oftransnational corporations affect the competitiveness of the Visegrad Group countries, and how this relationship has been changing in the post-accession period. To answer the research problem posed, Eurostat and Global Competitiveness Report data have been gathered to assess the competitiveness variables on both the domestic/national and international levels. It has been shown that integration within the global economy constitutes an essential element of competitiveness for each of the analysed countries.
4

Źródła przewagi konkurencyjnej małej gospodarki otwartej w dobie powiązań globalnych – Singapur w latach 2007–2012

71%
Żmuda M.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
|
2015
|
issue 9(945)
59-75
PL
Przyjmując, że przewaga konkurencyjna małej gospodarki otwartej nie musi opierać się wyłącznie na potencjale krajowym, ale może być wygenerowana w efekcie włączenia w sieć współzależności globalnych, za główny cel artykułu wyznaczono ocenę roli całokształtu międzynarodowych powiązań gospodarczych w kształtowaniu długookresowej konkurencyjności Singapuru. Podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy umiędzynarodowienie pozostaje główną siłą napędzającą gospodarkę Singapuru, czy też wraz z rozwojem społeczno-gospodarczym kraj ten rozbudował potencjał krajowy. W celu ukazania wpływu kryzysu finansowo-gospodarczego na potencjalne zmiany źródeł krajowej przewagi konkurencyjnej Singapuru badanie przeprowadzono dla lat 2007–2012 na podstawie uogólnionego podwójnego modelu diamentu. W świetle wyników przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, że mała gospodarka dzięki skrupulatnie realizowanej strategii ma realną szansę przezwyciężenia naturalnych barier rozwojowych, jeśli wykorzysta szansę związaną z postępem globalizacji i regionalizacji. Zaznaczono, że w celu utrzymania pozycji na ścieżce wzrostu, oprócz wykorzystania powiązań globalnych, konieczna jest stopniowa rozbudowa krajowego filaru konkurencyjności głównie przez podnoszenie efektywności pracy oraz stymulowanie innowacyjności. Zmiany te wpływają równocześnie na wzrost atrakcyjności tej lokalizacji dla napływu inwestycji z obszaru wysokich technologii, tworząc podstawę długookresowej przewagi konkurencyjnej.
EN
Assuming that the competitive advantage of a small open economy does not have to rely solely on favourable domestic conditions, but can be generated as a result of its inclusion in the network of international connections, the article investigates the role of international economic interdependencies in shaping the long-term competitiveness of Singapore. An attempt has been made to determine whether internationalisation remains the main driving force for Singapore’s economy, or whether together with socio-economic development, the country has expanded its domestic competitive potential. In order to show the impact of the financial and economic crisis on the changes to domestic sources of Singapore’s competitive advantage, the study was conducted for the period 2007–2012, employing a generalised double diamond model. In light of the results of the analysis, it was found that thanks to the precisely executed strategy of strong international integration, a small economy has a chance to overcome its natural development constraints. However, it has to be stressed that in order to remain on the growth path, it is necessary for a strongly globalised economy to gradually expand the domestic pillars of national competitiveness, mainly by improving efficiency and stimulating innovation. These changes additionally enhance national long-term competitiveness by increasing the attractiveness of the location for inflows of high-tech foreign direct investment.
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