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1

Droga Michała Lengowskiego do literatury

100%

Chłosta J.

Prace Literaturoznawcze

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2016

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issue 4

139-147

EN

The paper, which was created on the basis of available sources, constitutes reconstruction of the Michał Lengowski's biography - the first post-war chairman of the Polish Writers Union in Olsztyn. The author recalls the motions of life of this forgotten patriot, community worker, who come from the simple peoples of Warmia and did his best using all possible means to maintain Polish national identity among citizens of the East Prussia before the World War II. The author points at Lengowski's beginnings of the poetical works, whose first poems may be considered in the category of the functional literature. The author writes also about Lengowski's cooperation with the editorial office of the "Gazeta Olsztyńska".

2

ADRIAN BARANIECKI – PREKURSOR POLSKIEGO MUZEALNICTWA PRZEMYSŁOWEGO

100%

Hapanowicz P.

Muzealnictwo

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2016

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vol. 57

17-26

PL

Adrian Baraniecki (1827–1891), a doctor, a social activist by profession; a museum professional by passion. During the January Uprising of 1863, he was a major figure in the patriotic movement in the Podolia Governorate. Threatened with arrest, he moved to Paris, and in 1864 reached England. Probably as a result of his fascination with industrial culture, Baraniecki began working on a concept of an industrial museum on Polish soil. This idea was closely linked with the Positivist programme of „organic work” and „grassroots work”. He concluded that the only way to rebuild society after the failure of the Uprising was to develop its manufacturing capacity (craft and industry) and education. In 1868 he came to Cracow and brought his assembled collection with him. The Technical and Industrial Museum in Cracow he set up was the first in Poland. It was established by a resolution of the City Council on 4 June 1868 under which the city received the collections he had offered. According to the museum’s name, its main statutory target was to develop industry with particular attention to technical and artistic crafts, i.e. reviving the craft and industrial circles in Cracow, and in a broader perspective within Galicia. Thanks to his numerous private contacts and the way he organised the acquisition of gifts from the society, the collection of the museum was soon enlarged. The museum consisted of two departments, industrial and ethnographic; it also had a workshop of plaster casts. Moreover, it organised many exhibitions and prepared many publications. Based on the collections he amassed, Braniecki initiated a broad and varied range of educational activities at his own cost. According to his concept, exhibiting was to be one among many means of achieving the goal he had set, namely the scientific, economic and artistic strengthening of the Polish nation. Braniecki’s establishment was not only a museum but also a school, a professional training centre, and a place for shaping and exchanging ideas. Baraniecki was a precursor of educating women at the higher level in Poland. He initiated Higher Courses for Women at the Technical and Industrial Museum, one of the most important cultural institutions in Cracow at the turn of the 20th century, which was very modern and useful for the public. The memory of his distinguished social activism remained in the awareness of Cracow’s inhabitants as long as the institution he had established operated. In 1950 the museum was nationalised and liquidated, and his collections were dispersed.

3

Od spowiednika do społecznika. Transformacja roli społecznej duchownego w II Rzeczypospolitej

84%

Chylak K.

Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne

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2017

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vol. 26

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issue 4

165-182

EN

The easiest and perhaps a bit stereotypical thinking about the role of priest makes him positioned in sacred space. Undoubtedly, he is an activist in this area by taking responsibility for leading his flock to redemption. Without any doubt the roles connected with holding particular positions in the governmental structures were traditional. In addition clergy, especially lower ones, were often in a position of a mediator (peasant – landlord). These traditional roles were built in feudal society and in this social structure. Meanwhile, the industrial revolution and intense processes of industrialization and urbanization changed the face of the world, they changed the circumstances in which people were supposed to live in those days. There were social and political changes that could not be unnoticed, in particular voting rights were given to other groups of people and modern concepts – which met with a wide public response (socialism especially) – were developed. They became the basis for the change of church’s and clergy’s attitudes towards both society and their place and role in the society. A doctrinal basis of this transformation became the encyclical of Pope Leon XIII Rerum novarum as of 1891 together with it the Quadragesimo anno (1931) implemented four decades later. There was a great social movement in Poland at the end of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. The movement that initiated and activated, in other words woke communities up to life, that built social capital. Of course that movement had different social composition but a very important part in that composition was assumed by clergy. Both social status and priestly role were formed again. Changes in attitudes towards a man and interest in man’s mundane part of life had to result in both the transformation of the clergy’s role and the extension of their responsibility for the secular sphere. Times of the Second Republic of Poland led to a complete development of new roles and attitudes among clergy.

4

Ryszard Kamiński, Aktywność społeczności wiejskich. Lokalne inicjatywy organizacji pozarządowych, Instytut Rozwoju Wsi i Rolnictwa Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa 2008, ss. 151

84%

Wasil J.

Facta Simonidis

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2010

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vol. 3

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issue 1

297-301

5

Józef Milik (1891–1944) – biografia polityczna podlaskiego posła i działacza społecznego

67%

Odziemczyk J.

Res Historica

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2021

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issue 51

EN

The article refers to the figure of Józef Milik (1891–1944), a national movement parliamentarian and social activist from Podlasie. The article tries to present a political biography of a pre-war member of the People’s National Association and the National Party from 1928 to 1935 on the basis of available archival and statistical sources as well as studies and diaries. It also takes into account the political function of J. Milik’s social and self-government activities, especially with regard to his home Sokołów County. J. Milik was also a member of the County Department and County self-government and organizer of social life in his home municipality of Sterdyń. In this way, his way of life is shown, which made him one of the important figures of National Democracy on a regional and national scale becoming a part of the central authorities of the National Party. The author also presents J. Milk’s involvement in the development of conspiracy structures and activities in the National Unity Council – the parliament of the Polish Underground State during World War II. He stresses the continued need for research, in particular on this period, which is however limited by the quantity and content of sources.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy postaci Józefa Milika (1891–1944), parlamentarzysty ruchu narodowego oraz działacza społecznego z Podlasia. Na podstawie dostępnych źródeł archiwalnych, statystycznych, opracowań i pamiętników starano się przedstawić biografię polityczną przedwojennego posła Związku Ludowo-Narodowego i Stronnictwa Narodowego w latach 1928–1935. Badaniami objęto także powiązaną z funkcją polityczną działalność społeczną i samorządową J. Milika, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do jego rodzinnego powiatu sokołowskiego. J. Milik był bowiem także członkiem Wydziału Powiatowego i Sejmiku Powiatowego oraz organizatorem życia społecznego w swojej rodzinnej gminie Sterdyń. W ten sposób została ukazana jego droga życiowa, która spowodowała, że stał się jedną z ważnych postaci endecji w skali regionu i kraju, wchodząc m.in. w skład centralnych organów władzy Stronnictwa Narodowego.Autor przedstawił również zaangażowanie J. Milika w rozwój struktur konspiracyjnych i działalność w Radzie Jedności Narodowej – parlamencie Polskiego Państwa Podziemnego podczas II wojny światowej. Podkreślił dalszą potrzebę badań zwłaszcza nad tym okresem, którą jednak ogranicza ilość i zawartość źródeł.

6

IDEE PEDAGOGIKI SPOŁECZNEJ W MYŚLI ŚW. WINCENTEGO PALLOTTIEGO

67%

Babicki Z.

Forum Pedagogiczne

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2011

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issue 1

192-207

PL

Wincenty Pallotti (1795-1850) nazywany przez papieży prorokiem apo¬stolstwa ludzi świeckich, pragnął kształtować ludzi na dobrych chrześci¬jan i aktywnych obywateli. Uważał, że przygotowanie ludzi świeckich do odpowiedzialnej działalności społeczno-apostolskiej wymaga udzielenia im pomocy w ukształtowaniu chrześcijańskiego spojrzenia na świat i na człowieka. Dynamiczna i celowa aktywność społeczno-apostolska wyma¬ga odpowiedniego przygotowania, a co za tym idzie domaga się określo¬nej metody pedagogicznej. Wobec problemów narastających wokół wia¬ry i spraw społecznych, którymi Kościół w jego czasach musiał się zająć oraz w obliczu poszerzania się zadań związanych z głoszeniem Ewangelii w kraju i poza jego granicami, W. Pallotti zwrócił uwagę na naglącą ko¬nieczność ożywiania wiary i rozpalania miłości wśród ludzi wierzących. Uważał, że do osiągnięcia tego celu niezbędne jest pozyskanie współpracy wszystkich członków Kościoła – tak duchownych, jak i świeckich – oraz że dla pełniejszego i skuteczniejszego wykonania społeczno-apostolskich zadań Kościoła należy zjednoczyć ich wysiłki. Z czasem w Wincentym Pallottim dojrzewa idea powołania odpowiednich struktur pomocnych w apostolstwie ludzi świeckich. Dlatego z jego inicjatywy powstaje dzieło Zjednoczenia Apostolstwa Katolickiego (ZAK), jako zrzeszenie wszyst¬kich katolików, którzy bez żadnych szczególnych zobowiązań, jedynie w duchu miłości i gorliwości współpracować będą przy pomocy dostęp¬nych sobie środków dla wszechstronnego rozwoju człowieka i rozkrze¬wiania wiary katolickiej. Oddziaływanie to odnosi się nie tylko do pomocy w rozwoju religijnym, ale jest próbą aktywizacji osobowo-społecznej.

EN

Wincenty Pallotti (1795-1850) was called by the popes as a prophet of preaching secular people. He wanted to shape people as good Chri¬stians and active citizens. He claimed that one should help the preaching secular people in their social apostolic activity to show the Christian view of the world and man. The dynamic and intentional social apostolic activity requires specific preparation and pedagogical method. W Pallotti paid a special attention to the sudden need to enliven the faith amongst the believers while the Church was dealing with the rising problems on social and faith matters connected to the expanding its pre¬aching. He thought that united members of the church both secular and ecclesiastic and their cooperation can accomplish the socio - apostolic mission of the Church. In time he thought of the idea to create the struc¬tural body which would help the preaching secular people in the Church and the Catholic United Apostolic organisation was created. It is uniting all the Catholics who would like to cooperate in diffusing the Catholic faith in the spirit of love and devotion. They would use the accessible measures to wide development of man. This activity concerns religious development as well as it is an attempt of socio-personal activity.

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Bronisław Knothe (1881-1950) Nauczyciel, społecznik, polityk

67%

Fortoński T.

Wieki Stare i Nowe

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2019

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vol. 14

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issue 19

229-245

PL

Bronisław Knothe do czasu, kiedy wybrany został posłem w 1922 roku, pracował jako nauczyciel w Skierniewicach, Łodzi i Sosnowcu. Większą część swojego życia poświęcił działalności społecznej, politycznej i publicystycznej. Aktywność ta pozwalała mu stać się autorytetem dla każdej lokalnej społeczności, w której przebywał. W trakcie okupacji niemieckiej zaangażowany był w konspirację oraz pomoc materialną dla potrzebujących.

EN

Bronisław Knothe was born in a patriotic family. He graduated from a Radom gymnasium in 1902. Then, he studied at the Philosophical Faculty of the Jagiellonian University. He obtained his teacher’s qualifications in 1907, having passed his final exams at the University of Warsaw. As he settled in Skierniewice, he started to teach the Polish language at the local “real gymnasium” (Polish Gimnazjum Realne). In the year 1914 he transferred to Łódź, where he worked subsequently in two schools. During this time, he began his intense engagement in social work in local organizations. After four years he wound up in Zagłębie Dąbrowskie (the Dąbrowa Coal Basin), where he participated in political life of the region, to eventually be elected as an MP in 1922. During his five‑year term, B. Knothe became a member of the PSL “Piast” party and at the same time published numerous press articles. In the year 1927 he settled in his family village of Ruszcza, where he administered a landed estate until 1944. Under the German occupation he was involved in underground activity. He died in 1950 in Kraków.

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