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K založení kritické teorie globální společnosti

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EN
In social and political theory today we are presented with the task of arriving at a complex understanding of the paradigm of global interaction in which there is a plurality of social actors and conflicts of interest. The grounding of a critical theory of global interactions is connected with a resolution of theoretico-methodological questions and of detailed problems of analysis and interpretation. At issue is the relation between a critical analysis of realistic processes and normatively-utopian projections of social change. The detailed problems are connected with an analysis of the assumptions and obstacles when creating a global society and global politics, and with the question of how they are to be defined in their complexity.
CS
V sociální a politické teorii dnes stojíme před úkolem komplexního uchopení paradigmatu globálních interakcí charakterizovaného pluralitou sociálních aktérů a zájmových konfliktů. Založení kritické teorie globálních interakcí je spojeno s řešením teoreticko-metodologických otázek i věcných problémů analýzy a interpretace. Jde o poměr kritické analýzy reálných procesů a normativněutopické projekce sociální změny. Věcné problémy jsou spojeny s analýzou předpokladů a překážek utváření globální společnosti a politiky a s tím, jak jsou vymezovány ve své komplexitě.
EN
This article conceptualizes the economic competencies of social actors as a key aspect of the global economic crisis. Economic competencies evolve within economic systems, a system that is historically, culturally, and politically conditioned. This article argues that economic competencies of social actors are the foundational skills that help with the correct diagnosis of the global economic crisis. Economic competency allows actors to make responsible decisions and allows for an outline of economic recovery plans.
EN
In media discourse, journalists often need to navigate two professional values when covering migration topics: providing accurate and relevant information to audiences while simultaneously being committed to social justice. To understand how discursive practices have developed in response to this dilemma, I compare migration news discourse from two national environments-Sweden and Denmark-that represent opposite sociopolitical responses to migration. By analyzing the representations of identities of social actors inspired by Van Leeuwen (1996, 2018), the paper shows how migrant’s ethnic identities are sometimes omitted and suppressed in news content, and it identifies a range of lexical devices journalists utilize to represent actors in ways that still signify ethnicity while remaining ostensibly neutral. For example, in Denmark, ethnic labels such as “migrant”, “migrant gang” and “ghetto” constitute a common pattern, whereas in Sweden, conversely, such terms are substituted by expressions such as “new Swede”, “youth gang” and “vulnerable neighborhood”. I term this phenomenon semantic ethnification and define it as a process where ethnic identities of social actors are expressed through strategies that rely on implicit and covert connotations that denote ethnicity rather than explicit ethnic cues.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zagadnienia dyskursywnego konstruowania sposobu postrzegania tożsamości płciowej najemców i właścicieli w normalizujących dyskursach dotyczących reprywatyzacji w Warszawie w latach 2004-2016. Jako podejście teoretyczne zastosowano feministyczną perspektywę poststrukturalistyczną opracowaną przez Sophie Watson (2000a). Dane zebrano za pomocą analizy dyskursu, według wskazówek Judith Baxter (2008a). W artykule omówiono dwa dyskursy dotyczące reprywatyzacji w Warszawie: (1) dyskurs o restytucji nieruchomości, w ramach którego zwrot nieruchomości byłym właścicielom (lub ich spadkobiercom) jest przedstawiany jako imperatyw moralny; oraz (2) dyskurs reprywatyzowanych najemców, koncentrujący się na nadużyciach, oszustwach i ludzkich nieszczęściach wynikających z przekazania zasobów komunalnych potomkom byłych właścicieli. W obu dyskursach lokatorom przypisywano tożsamość kobiecą, a właścicielom męską (G. Hofstede, G.J. Hofstede, 2007). Wpłynęło to na pozycję najemców i właścicieli w procesie polityki mieszkaniowej.
EN
The article examines how the perception of gender identities of tenants and owners was constructed in normalizing discourses regarding re-privatization/property restitution in Warsaw in 2004-2016. As a theoretical approach, it applies the feminist post-structuralist perspective developed by Sophie Watson (2000a). The data were collected with discourse analysis, as proposed by Judith Baxter (2008a). The article identifies two discourses pertaining to re-privatization/property restitution in Warsaw: 1) property restitution discourse, under which returning property to former owners (or their heirs) is presented as a moral imperative; and 2) expropriation of tenants discourse, focusing on abuse, fraud and human misfortune stemming from the passage of municipal housing stock to the descendants of former owners. In both discourses, tenants were ascribed a feminine identity, and owners a masculine one (G. Hofstede, G.J. Hofstede, 2007). That affected the tenants' and owners' positions in the housing policy process.
EN
The sociological perspective can be successfully used in analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility phenomenon. The author presents multiple research of CSR, applying theoretical categories developed in sociology and in related disciplines. She divides the research into two fields: the one focused on the diversity of CSR and the other on CSR dynamics. Quantitative and qualitative methodology is used in both approaches, however the former is more often found in analysis of CSR diversity, while the latter second in investigations devoted to CSR dynamics. Diversified methodology allows for more holistic understanding of CSR phenomenon on different levels of analysis spanning form mega, through macro and mezzo to micro level.
DE
Der Band enthält die Abstracts ausschließlich in englischer Sprache.
EN
This paper outlines the representation of Claimants, a key social actor relevant to the welfare state, as groups in two conservative British newspapers, the Daily Mail and the Daily Telegraph. With recourse to critical discourse analysis, in particular van Leeuwen’s 2008 work on the representation of social actors, as well as to corpus methods, the paper shows how the representation of this social actor in collective terms helps entrench the discourse of (mainly class-based) prejudice, thus working to delegitimise the welfare state.
FR
Le numéro contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.
RU
Том не содержит аннотаций на английском языке.
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