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1

Defense strategies against existential fear

100%

Łukaszewski W., Boguszewska J.

Nauka

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2008

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issue 4

EN

This paper analyzes people’s responses to the experience of the strongest existential terror – the fear of death. The first section describes the Terror Management Theory (TMT) and its proposed ways of reducing fear: by boosting one’s self-esteem and by activating a collective system of meanings. However, much of the data discussed further in the paper shows that facts related to the experience of mortality salience are better explained and predicted by the assumption that the regulatory mechanism relies on seeking social approval and on mood regulation. This has been reflected by such surprising behavior as increased interest in one’s appearance, conspicuous consumption, or seeking power in response to confronting the idea of death. However, further studies are needed to resolve existing controversies.

2

Attitudes of undergraduate students towards persons with disabilities; the role of the need for social approval

100%

Kowalska J., Winnicka J.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2013

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vol. 44

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issue 1

40-49

EN

The purpose of this study was a diagnosis of the attitudes of students of Warsaw universities towards people with disabilities and the variables which impacted on these attitudes. Additionally, we examined the relationship between the need for social approval and explicit attitudes towards people with disabilities. The study focused on two components of attitudes: behavioural (measured by preferable social distance – SDSB) and cognitive (tested with a semantic differential scale – SDSO). 318 students completed a survey including a demographic sheet, a social desirability scale, the SDSB and SDSO. The results indicate that students expressed positive attitudes towards people with disabilities. The impact of such variables as gender, the type of disability and the need for social approval was registered and were differentiated in regard to components of attitudes. The results are discussed with reference to earlier research and cues for further studies are suggested.

3

Przegląd teorii aprobaty społecznej

100%

Izdebski P., Żbikowska K., Kotyśko M., Instytut Psychologii U. K. W. w. B.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

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2013

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vol. 17

EN

The aim of this review is to present the most important theories of social approval. There are one-factor and two-factor theories of social approval distinguished. The most important among one-factor theories are: Edwards and Crowne–Marlowe models of social approval, and among two-factor theories are: Wiggins, Damarin and Messick, Sackeim and Gur, and Paulhus. There are also presented questionnaires based on theories mentioned above, which are used to measure the need of social approval: the Edwards Social Desirability Scale, the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale, the Self-Deception Questionnaire and the Other-Deception Questionnaire created by Sackeim and Gur, and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) designed by Paulhus, which consists of two subscales: Self-Deceptive Enhancement and Impression Management.

4

Endocentryzm i egzocentryzm moralny, aprobata społeczna i empatia u wolontariuszy hospicyjnych

58%

Sikora J.

Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk

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2015

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issue 5

278-284

PL

Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza endocentryzmu i egocentryzmu moralnego w powiązaniu z poziomem empatii i aprobaty społecznej u wolontariuszy hospicyjnych. Celami przeprowadzonego badania były: zidentyfikowanie czynników motywujących do podejmowania pracy wolontariackiej, określenie różnic pomiędzy wolontariuszami (grupa badawcza) a osobami, które nigdy nie podejmowały żadnej działalności wolontariackiej (grupa kontrolna) w zakresie powyżej wymiennych zmiennych oraz zbadanie, czy wolontariusze ze względu na charakter swojej pracy charakteryzują się wyższym poziomem empatii i niższą potrzebą aprobaty społecznej. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają na stwierdzenie, że badane grupy nie różnią się w zakresie poziomu endocentrycznej i egzocentrycznej motywacji oraz empatii. Zanotowano natomiast, że wolontariusze charakteryzują się wyższym poziomem zmiennej aprobaty społecznej niż osoby z grupy kontrolnej. W związku z powyższym można sądzić, że potrzeba aprobaty społecznej jest ważnym czynnikiem motywującym jednostkę do podjęcia pracy wolontariackiej

EN

The subject of this paper is an analysis of moral endocentricism and exocentricism, in conjunction with the level of social empathy and approval of hospice volunteers. The aims of the study were - identifying the factors which lead people to undertake volunteer work, defining the differences between volunteers (reaearch group) and those who had never undertaken volunteer work (control group), and establishing whether volunteers, from the nature of their work, have a higher level of empathy and a reduced need for social acceptance. The research concluded that there was no difference between the two goups as to the levels of moral endocentricism and exocentricism and empathy, but it is noted that volunteers have a higher sense of social acceptance than the control group. From this we can conclude that social acceptance might be a factor in motivating people to undertake volunteer work.

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1 Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Psychologica

1 Nauka

1 Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk

1 Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2 2013

1 2008

1 Boguszewska J.

1 Instytut Psychologii U. K. W. w. B.

1 Izdebski P.

1 Kotyśko M.

1 Kowalska J.

1 Sikora J.

1 Winnicka J.

1 Łukaszewski W.

1 Żbikowska K.

Defense strategies against existential fear

Attitudes of undergraduate students towards persons with disabilities; the role of the need for social approval

Przegląd teorii aprobaty społecznej

Endocentryzm i egzocentryzm moralny, aprobata społeczna i empatia u wolontariuszy hospicyjnych