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Societal Steering in Theoretical Perspective: ‘Social Becoming’ as an Analytical Solution

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Rončević B., Makarovič M.

Polish Sociological Review

2011

vol. 176

issue 4

457-468

The authors are tackling the issue of strategic steering ofmodern societies. Strategic processes are social processes, eventuating in a special field between individual and collective actors and the emergent social structures. The analysis must therefore take both micro and macro level into account. Social dimensions of these processes can be explained by the “social becoming” approach to the analysis of social reality. Within this approach strategy is located on the level of agency, between individuality and totality. This is the reason for “path-dependent” nature of strategic processes and of development, implying “choice within constraints” approach. Strategic actors have freedom of strategic choice, but this choice is constrained by the social structures and culture.

Dziesięć tez o modernizacji

86%

Sztompka P.

Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance

2013

issue 2-3(24-25)

177-183

Na pytania stawiane w socjologicznych debatach o modernizacji udzielam odpowiedzi zgodnych z przyjętą przeze mnie ogólną teorią zmian społecznych, którą nazywam teorią stawania sic społeczeństwa (Sztompka 1991, 1993, 2005). Podobne idee występują pod nazwą teorii podmiotowości (agency) czy teorii morfogenezy (Archer 1988) oraz teorii strukturacji (Giddens 2003). Dzisiaj w socjologii są dominujące. Listę postulowanych poglądów na temat modernizacji przedstawiam w formie dziesięciu tez. W konkluzji podejmuję pytanie, czy wielowymiarowość, konfliktowość i kontekstowa relatywność modernizacji pozwala w ogóle na przewidywanie przyszłości? Jak pisał Antonio Granisci, w świecie społecznym przewidywać, to znaczy działać tak, aby przewidywania się spełniły. Być może kolejna faza modernizacji oznaczać będzie twórcze spory, konflikty i walki o głębszy, humanistyczny sens jej samej.

In the article, the author applies to the analysis of modernization his general theory of social becoming as put forward in a monograph published by Polity Press, Cambridge (Sztompka 1991), and a textbook of sociology of social change published by Blackwell, Oxford (Sztompka 1993). This very general model of social becoming has a number of implications. The author proposes to put them together in a synthetic picture by means often theses. Modernization in this view is the result of choices and decisions undertaken by human actors − individual, collective, and authoritative. It produces various routes of modernization and its multiple outcomes. Modernity is a multidimensional condition − economic, political, cultural, religious, mental − where various dimensions may appear in multiple configurations and permutations. Modernization is not a value or a goal per se but the means, an instrument for making people happier, letting them live full and decent lives. More precisely, it means the access of more and more members of society to the growing opportunities for the realization of their human potential. Modernization must be linked with the tradition of a given society, its unique social memory, cultural heritage, religious or ideological creeds. They provide intellectual and moral resources for modernizing action. Modernization incorporates antagonisms, conflicts and struggles resulting in contingent, variable routes and outcomes. The next phase of modernization may well be witness to conflicts and fights over its own deeper, humanistic meaning.

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1 Polish Sociological Review

1 Zarządzanie Publiczne / Public Governance

1 2013

1 2011

1 Makarovič M.

1 Rončević B.

1 Sztompka P.

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Societal Steering in Theoretical Perspective: ‘Social Becoming’ as an Analytical Solution

Dziesięć tez o modernizacji