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EN
This paper analyzes the impact of social dialogue on the restructuring process in the Polish steel industry, using the history of restructuring in the same sector in the United Kingdom as a frame of reference. Despite steep declines in employment, due to technological, organisational, and ownership changes in the sector, restructuring in Poland did not encounter particularly strong resistance on the part of organised labour, in contrast to the powerful union response seen in the UK. The difference is attributed to the presence of active social dialogue at the sectoral level in Poland and the absence of such dialogue in the UK.
EN
The paper discusses the role of social dialogue in facilitating social peace during the process of industrial restructuring in the steel sector in Poland in the late 1990s and 2000s. It is argued that the sectoral social dialogue proved to be a critical factor for the ultimate success of the restructuring, securing cooperation between the major actors of industrial relations within the branch and providing for welfare of employees exiting the sector due to organisational and technological change.
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EN
The paper's objective is to provide a methodical review of facts and artifacts of social dialogue in Poland. The author states number of questions regarding the nature of social dialogue in Poland such as its alleged superficiality, efficiency in solving industrial disputes and viability as a source of political legitimisation. While admitting that social dialogue retains a superficial character, the author remarks that such statement may by true only if one limits its attention to instrumental functions of social dialogue. The question concerning social dialogue's potential to prevent escalation of conflicts remains open. Finally, Polish social dialogue is described as possibly able to serve as a significant source of legitimisation to the political system.
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The Social Dialogue in Ukraine

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EN
The article aims to answer the question of why social market economy in Ukraine, as well as in number of post-Soviet states, has not met the expectations. It uses social dialogue as a telling example. In 1990s Ukrainian society became subjected to a multidimensional process of forming labour relations. On the one hand, the process was typical for an immature stage of capitalism, and thus could hardly be expected to lead to the emergence of a social market economy, and on the other it reproduced the worst traditions of socialist labour relations, replacing state paternalism with patronclient relationships. Establishing institutional market infrastructure was supported by social partners' organisations and legitimized by the law. A system of market relations has been created but proved incapable of performing functions essential for sustaining standards and values of economic democracy. 'Social partnership' as an ideology of labour relations was substituted by a new form - 'social dialogue'. Social dialogue has been distorted to a simulation of contemporary labour relations. Formalization of social dialogue has become a way for pro-oligarch, social partners' organisations to gradually monopolize the market, with passive acceptance from dependent, poorly organized and unprotected employees.
EN
The aim of this article is twofold. First, to propose what it means to implement the European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET) into a national qualifications system. Second, to describe in detail the key elements and broader context of the 2012/2013 vocational education reform in Poland, which introduced the learning outcomes approach and ECVET system. We show that key ECVET principles were implemented in Poland because they were treated more as a means to modernise the national VET system, rather than to promote the international mobility of learners.
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