Search results

1

Potřebujeme sociální a hospodářské dějiny středověku?

100%

Nodl M., Miller S.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2022

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vol. 120

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issue 2

409-426

EN

The polemically tuned discussion text reflects on the unfortunate situation of research on the social and economic history of the Middle Ages in contemporary Czech medievalism. It indicates the absence of an institutional background for research on socio-historical issues of the Middle Ages, provides a critical overview of the development of research in social and economic history of the Middle Ages from the 1930s to the present, points to the specificity of socio-historical approaches and considers the pitfalls of sociohistorical research and the reasons for the lack of interest of the younger generation of adepts of historical science in the social and economic history of the Middle Ages.

2

"Droga ta była ciężka, lecz została stopniowo pokonana". Dzieje polityczne i społeczne Andrychowa w latach 1945-1950

100%

Matyjasik K.

Wadoviana. Przegląd historyczno-kulturalny

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2017

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issue 20

55-86

EN

The topic of this article is Andrychów’s history after World War II. The time-frame includes the events from 1945 (the city’s liberation by the Red Army and the creation of the communist system in Andrychów) to 1950 (the beginnings of the Six-Year Plan). The purpose of the article is to present the postwar history of Andrychów regarding the city’s political and social history over the examined period. The article was divided into two parts. In the first part – Political life – I presented the politcal situation in the city after its liberation in January 1945. The Polish Worker’s Party (Polska Partia Robotnicza, PPR) was active in 1944 in Andrychów. Thanks to the fact that the German army was driven out of Andrychów by the Red Army, the Polish Worker’s Party could begin its activity. The political situation had an influence over the politics of the Andrychów’s authorities. In 1946 was hold a referendum „Three Time Yes referendum” in Andrychów. At the beginning of the year 1948, the most important parties in the city – the Polish Socialist Party (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS) and the PPR strived for unification. Andrychów’s authorities were fighting with the anti-communist resistance. The inhabitants, however, were also affected by the repressions. In the second part – Social life – I described the most important social problems of Andrychów’s inhabitants after the war. As the social life is concerned, the communist authorities were well-disposed towards certain pursuits of Andrychów’s inhabitants. In 1948, a radio network was installed in the city. In 1949, the authorities tried to establish a seondary school.

3

Vesnice sedláků, hostů, nevolníků. K profilu venkova staršího středověku

100%

Žemlička J.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

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2021

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vol. 47

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issue 1

7-18

EN

We have lots of information about the look and forms of medieval villages, we know less about their social profile. As indicated by research, there were also villages where special citizen groups were concentrated in the Early Middle Ages, such as villages of peasants, serfs, fishermen, guests etc. (villae rusticorum, servorum, piscatorum, hospitorum).

4

Is Nicolaus Copernicus still mysterious? Images from the life of the astronomer on the eve of the 550th anniversary of his birth

88%

Mikulski K.

Nauka

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2022

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issue 1

5

Konfliktipelglik ja koneosav vaikimine: korts kui kommunikatsiooniruum Saksa keisririigis

88%

Owzar A.

Mäetagused

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2020

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vol. 77

11-30

EN

The Wilhelmine society was hit by a huge number of social, political, religious, and ethnic conflicts. How did people deal with these conflicts in their everyday life? The article tries to answer this question by describing the different segments of an urban society (especially Hamburg) and their ways of face-to-face communication in pubs. A qualitative and a quantitative analysis of roughly 20,000 reports of investigation written by the Wilhelmine police, who over 22 years visited the pubs of Hamburg, shows that there was nearly no communication between the different segments of society. If they got into conversation, they normally did not talk about politics or anything else concerning their identity or beliefs. There are different reasons for this behaviour: anthropological reasons such as fear of isolation, and political reasons caused by the ‘Obrigkeitsstaat’. One of the most important reasons is the variety of conflicts in Wilhelmine Germany itself. The social, religious, political, and ethnic problems were increasing alarmingly, so that silence seemed to be the most appropriate and reasonable strategy of managing conflicts. For the development of Weimar society the results turn out to be ambivalent. On the one hand, this strategy of managing conflicts helped to stabilize the different ‘milieus’ and, as a result, the Weimar Republic. On the other hand, the same behaviour had serious consequences for the disintegration of German society and was responsible for lack of empathy shown towards the members of other ‘milieus’ and ‘lager’.

6

„Nie chodzi o to, czy nienawidzi czy nie. Muzułmanie mu przeszkadzali” – kategoria zakłócenia w narracjach o muzułmanie w literaturze Szoa

87%

Bock D.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

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2015

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issue 25

137-163

EN

In the literary recollections of camp survivors the figure of the Muselmann is a recurring motif. The author puts forward a thesis about the existence of a dominating, prototypical narration about a Muselmann, which occurs not only in literary texts but also in scholarly studies. The questioning of the exemplary forms of depicting a Muselmann may lead to irritation and evoke in readers the feeling of “disturbance”. The re-enactment of such disturbances possesses a hidden analytical potential, as it reveals routinized and partly problematic cultural structures of reception and cquisition apparent especially in the context of post-catastrophic narrations and remembrance of the Shoah.

7

Social History and Historical Sociology

75%

Knobl W.

Historická sociologie (Historical Sociology)

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2013

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vol. 1

9-32

EN

This paper deals with exchanges and misunderstandings between the German school of social history (most prominently represented by scholars from the University of Bielefeld (such as Hans-Ulrich Wehler) and Anglo-American trends in historical sociology (exemplified by the works of Barrington Moore, Theda Skocpol and Michael Mann). The social historians tended to dismiss historical sociology as too dependent on modernization theory, without taking into account the critique of that tradition by authors who brought processes of state formation and revolutionary change into the debate. On the other side, mainstream historical sociology worked with assumptions that limited its ability to change the terms and directions of sociological discourse, and to assimilate lessons from history. Among these inbuilt biases, organizational realism and materialism - particularly pronounced in the work of Michael Mann - stand out as particularly important. The paper closes with arguments in favour of bringing more history into historical sociology, with particular emphasis on three sets of problems. There is a need for more historical approaches to differentiation, less dependent on functionalist premises than the hitherto prevalent paradigm. A more explicit thematization of temporality in history and society would, among other things, help to clarify issues linked to the notion of path dependency. Finally, a reconsideration of the models and types of explanation in historical sociology would place more emphasis on their interpretive dimension.

8

Jedno miasto, dwa różne światy. Społeczno-przestrzenne zróżnicowanie umieralności niemowląt w Szczecinie w latach 1876–1913 (część II)

75%

Chojecki D. K.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2010

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vol. 75

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issue 2

103-150

EN

The article touches upon issues connected with infant mortality in Szczecin in the years of 1876–1913, analyzing the phenomenon with the emphasis on the social-spatial diversification. The choice of the research topic was determined by two factors. Firstly, at the beginning of the 20th century in Szczecin infant mortality was exceptionally high in comparison with other big German and European towns; secondly, the phenomenon gave rise to one of the first surveys concerning infant mortality, financed by the city in 1902. Apart from the latter – published in the magistrate records – (Bericht über die Verwaltung über der Gemeinde-Angelegenheiten der Stadt Stettin), the source material for the article is the monumental Statistics of Prussia (Preußische Statistik) and The Statistical Yearbook of the City of Szczecin (Statistischer Jahresbericht der Stadt Stettin). Archival materials kept in the State Archive in Szczecin have a complementary significance. They include the correspondence of the royal district doctors (kgl. Kreisärzte) conducted with the authorities of the Szczecin Province (Regierung Stettin). In order to limit the influence of the destiny factor, the method of aggregation of data was used. In the analysis of the population processes commonly used demographic rates and graphic representations were employed. The Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to show spatial differences in the shaping of different phenomena. The method of standard deviation was chosen. The basis for the description of the issues constituted a simple model of causes of infant mortality by Jörgen Vögele, with emphasis on the analysis of deaths due to disorders in the digestive system, treating their level as the marker of the influence of exogeneous environmental factors. The research showed a negative influence of the growing influx of people to the city on infant mortality. It was particularly visible at the end of the 19th century, when the development of industry in the city and nearby towns reached its peak. In that period post-natal mortality was the highest in comparison with infant mortality. It shows the role of environmental factors in the high rate of deaths of children who were under 1 year old. In the group of the aforementioned factors, the most prominent turned out to be insufficient breast-feeding. The 1902 survey demonstrated that among the youngest children who died of digestive disorders (51,5% of the total of deaths), only 0,3% were children who had been constantly breast-fed. In the group of children who died of digestive disorders the number of children of better-off parents was lower. The situation made the municipal authorities take prevention measures, including the promotion of breast-feeding among poorer population strata where infant mortality was much higher than in families of better-off parents. It is confirmed indirectly by the social-professional statistics of the natural demographic changes from the years of 1902–1913 ( the rate of deaths of children of unqualified agricultural workers was set against the rate of deaths of children of freelancers and officers – the difference amounted to 270%) and the spatial statistics of the natural demographic changes from the years 1911–1913 ( the rate of infant deaths in bourgeois districts was set against the one in workers’ areas – the difference was 130%). A clear negative correlation between the average number of rooms and infant mortality in the statistics districts of Szczecin (–0,808; p<0,001) allows the author to consider the economic factor very important in the creation of the phenomenon. However, bad housing was connected with infant deaths from digestive disorders only in half of the cases (1902), which indicates “bad habits” of parents, which are statistically more di cult to grasp. At the beginning of the 20th century together with the fall in the number of births, the increase in general wealth and the introduction of care over newborn babies, including the obligatory control of non-marital children (1910), infant mortality started to fall. However, it still remained high in comparison with other German cities. Moreover, social differences in relation to the phenomenon did not disappear, but they became stronger. It has not been explained yet why Szczecin was the leader in the disgraceful statistics.

9

Wdowy w universum wczesnych chrześcijan – trzy perspektywy badawcze

75%

Nakonieczny R.

Vox Patrum

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2022

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vol. 83

7-20

EN

This article presents the findings of a metascientific analysis of the topic of the widow's situation in the early Christian community. This topic is studied today from at least three perspectives. It is still interesting for historians studying the development of early Christian communities. Secondly, the situation of women (including widows) is a very interesting field of research for authors of the critical school (not always definitely feminist) wondering about the possibility of an alternative reconstruction of social relations. The assumption of these studies is often that the originally high position of women in the Christian community was gradually diminished. A special emphasis in this study however is placed on the third research aspect, which is the presentation of the widows' situation in the ancient world (biblical, Hellenistic, early Christian) as an impulse for a deep reflection on our attitude to the weakest individuals. These include – as in the past – lonely and elderly women (often widowed). Numerous contemporary studies postulate that efforts should be made to prevent their marginalization and loneliness. This is demanded by Christian anthropology and the properly understood virtue of solidarity - without excluding anyone. One possibility for the realization of such an objective may be the reactivation of the orders of widows in contemporary Christian communities.

PL

W niniejszym tekście przedstawione zostały wnioski z analizy metabadawczej tematu sytuacji wdowy w społeczności wczesnych chrześcijan. Temat ten badany jest współcześnie co najmniej w trzech perspektywach. Jest on bowiem nadal interesujący dla historyków badających rozwój gmin wczesnochrześcijańskich. Po drugie sytuacja kobiet (w tym wdów) stanowi bardzo interesujące pole badawcze dla autorów nurtu krytycznego (nie zawsze zdecydowanie feministycznego), którzy zastanawiają się nad możliwością alternatywnej rekonstrukcji stosunków społecznych. Założeniem tych badań bywa przyjęcie, iż wysoka pierwotnie pozycja kobiet w gminie chrześcijańskiej stopniowo ulegała umniejszeniu. Szczególny akcent postawiono jednak w tym studium na trzeci aspekt badawczy, jakim jest ukazanie sytuacji wdowy w świecie starożytnym (biblijnym, hellenistycznym, wczesnochrześcijańskim) jako impulsu do głębokiego namysłu nad naszym stosunkiem do jednostek ex definitione najsłabszych. Zaliczają się do nich – podobnie jak w przeszłości – samotne starsze kobiety (często owdowiałe). Liczne prace współczesne postulują podjęcie wysiłku, by nie dopuścić do ich marginalizacji i osamotnienia. Domaga się tego antropologia chrześcijańska i właściwie rozumiana cnota solidarności – bez wykluczania kogokolwiek. Jedną z możliwości realizacji takiego celu może być reaktywacja stanu wdów we współczesnych wspólnotach chrześcijańskich.

10

Památníky četnických stanic – jeden z málo známých historicko-etnologických pramenů

75%

Svoboda L.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2014

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vol. 24

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issue 2

128 - 139

EN

The study writes about so-called memory books of gendarmerie stations – a resource that so far has been used mainly by those interested in modern military history (in many memory books are vividly described the events from 1937–1939 and from May 1945), history of security corps and regional history. The opportunity to use the memory books for social history, history of everyday life or history of criminality remains aside. The memory books of gendarmerie stations were one of fruits resulting from an unusual boom of chronography in the former Austrian-Hungarian Empire and then in Czechoslovakia in the early-20th century. Although they existed for less than forty years as official documents, they were written in one of the most dynamic and dramatic stages of Czech modern history limited by the World War I from the one side, and the communist totalitarian regime from the other. All social turns were also reflected in gendarmerie memory books that became one of the important resources of Czech modern history.

11

Między stabilizacją a radykalizmem — polska emigracja górnicza w Belgii

75%

Szumski J.

Neerlandica Wratislaviensia

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2015

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vol. 25

19 - 37

EN

Polish mining immigration to Belgium between 1918 and 1939 is a significant, yet overlooked phenomenon. Despite difficult circumstances, Polish miners did not constitute a socially radical group. In fact, we witness quite opposite attitudes: focusing on honest work, religion and family. To understand this situation, we need to reconstruct various factors that influenced Polish miners in Belgium. An analysis led to dividing these factors into two categories: destabilising and stabilising. The former are rapid migration dynamics, blocked social advancement and communist activity. The latter I found in the presence of old mining societies and — most importantly — Polish diaspora’s concentration, which slowed down the assimilation and also dispersion processes. Overall, Belgium was not treated as a necessary evil and after many years the province of Limburg was still called the “Belgian Silesia”.

12

Перша світова війна в сучасній німецькомовній історіографії: теми й концептуальні ідеї досліджень

75%

Martynov A.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2016

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issue 25

EN

The article concerns the topics and conceptual approaches of German historiography of World War I. The author analyses research papers focusing on origins of World War I, state of social institutions in war, fronts history, everyday life on the frontlines and in the rear, specifics of war propaganda, historical biography studies and postwar world. The article also describes World War I place in the collective memory of German-speaking nations. This war not only became the precursor of German Nazism, but also made the interwar period too short. Therefore historiosophical understanding of World War I lessons remains an important task of interdisciplinary socio-historical research.

13

Социальные и экономические эффекты трудовых миграций поляков в Германскую империю в конце XIX – начале XX века

75%

Zhitin R., Topiliskiy A.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2018

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vol. 1

21-29

EN

The article focuses on the problem of labor migrations of the peasant population of Vistula Land of Russia to the German Empire at the turn of the XIX and ХХ century. The subject of the study are the causes of migration, the situation of Polish workers abroad, the specifics and main spheres of hiring workers, the social and economic effects of the movement. The urgency of the work is determined by inadequate historiographic attention to the factor of the annual retreat of tens of thousands of Poles abroad. The article uses the civilizational approach, the principle of historicism, the ideas of the French school “Annals”. The conclusions obtained by the authors of the article testify to the special significance of migrations not only for the inhabitants of the Polish province, but also for the entire German landlord economy. Migration compensated for the labor shortage in Germany’s agrarian sector, ensuring rapid growth in production in the states. The experience of migration stimulated the economic initiative of Poles, increased their standard of living, affected the size of peasant land ownership in the Vistula Land.

14

What is the object of Immanuel Wallerstein’s history?

75%

Swianiewicz J.

Historyka Studia Metodologiczne

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2013

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vol. 43

15

Służba i milczenie

71%

Steedman C.

Praktyka Teoretyczna

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2017

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vol. 23

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issue 1

64-83

EN

A translated chapter of Carolyn Steedman’s book Master and Servant. Love and Labour in the English Industrial Age. This text reconstructs the experience of a 18th-century servant, Phoebe Beatson, on the basis of a diary of John Murgatroyd, her employer. Confronting this testimony with other documents of social life, Steedman constructs a history of a class overlooked by traditional Marxist historiography – female domestic servants.

PL

Tekst jest wstępnym rozdziałem z książki Carolyn Steedman „Służąca i jej pan. Miłość i praca w Anglii wieku industrialnego” (Master and Servant. Love and Labour in the English Industrial Age). Tytułowa służąca to Phoebe Beatson, której losy Steedman rekonstruuje na podstawie dziennika jej pracodawcy – pastora Johna Murgatroyda. Zestawiając to świadectwo z innymi dokumentami życia społecznego epoki, Steedman pisze historię klasy pominiętą w tradycyjnych marksistowskich historiografiach – historię kobiecej służby domowej.

16

Hydra wielości i komunizm commonersów w dobie biopolitycznego kapitalizmu

71%

Moll Ł.

Praktyka Teoretyczna

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2015

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vol. 15

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issue 1

245-264

EN

The article is an attempt to situate the main Peter Linebaugh's works in the context of modern theories of the common, especially in juxtaposition with Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt's biopolitical paradigm. American historian's oeuvre is still not well known in Poland, although his works in the field of social history, labour history, colonial Atlantic or global enclosures can inspire not only historians, but social theory as well. Linebaugh in his research on subaltern groups in the eve of capitalism introduces new ways, in which concepts such as working class, class struggle, commoning or the commons can be regarded and he draws ambitious, transmodern genealogy of global capitalism. The article tries to show the actuality of Linebaugh's research perspective in the era of biopolitical capitalism.

PL

Artykuł stanowi próbę osadzenia najważniejszych prac Petera Linebaugha na tle współczesnych teorii tego, co wspólne (the common), w szczególności w zestawieniu z biopolitycznym paradygmatem Antonia Negriego i Michaela Hardta. Dorobek amerykańskiego historyka na gruncie polskim pozostaje mało znany, mimo że jego prace z zakresu historii społecznej, dziejów ruchu robotniczego, kolonialnego Atlantyku czy globalnych grodzeń (enclosures) mogą być inspirujące nie tylko dla historyków, ale i dla teorii społecznej. Linebaugh przyglądając się zaniedbywanym przez historyków losom grup zdominowanych w okresie formowania się kapitalizmu, wyprowadza nowe ujęcia pojęć takich jak klasa robotnicza, walka klasowa, commoning czy dobra wspólne (the commons) oraz kreśli ambitną, transnowoczesną genezę globalnego kapitalizmu. Artykuł wskazuje na użyteczność jego perspektywy badawczej w dobie kapitalizmu biopolitycznego.

17

Osaczeni, samotni, bezbronni... Refleksje po lekturze książki Dalej jest noc. Losy Żydów w wybranych powiatach okupowanej Polski, T. I, II, pod redakcją Barbary Engelking i Jana Grabowskiego, Warszawa 2018

63%

Chrobaczyński J.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2018

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vol. 6

266-301

PL

The two tomes prepared by the team of authors directed by B. Engelking and J. Grabowski are a scientific and publishing phenomena in Poland. Nine independent, author monographies on the level of poviat, municipality and village, devoted to the case of Holocaust, but perceived through the prism of microhistory. All the texts were prepared accordingto the common, agreed upon draft, with accent put on the issue of experience and course ofevents (German occupation, Soviet occupation), and most of all the survival strategy and the Polish-Jewish, Polish-Polish and Ukranian-Jewish relations in this hard time. Studies have shown that the will to survive was the strongest, uniform, constant Jewish message, task and attitude, while the Polish perspective and the perception of Jews in this tragic forthem time was characterized with a number of attitudes and actions. However, there was a visible shift in the Polish accent – not as much towards mass help for the co-citizens, as towards indifference. Sometimes, there was compassion and mercy and quite clear, so not marginal, cooperation with the German (Soviet) occupant. The authors are correctly defining this typical attitude as the Polish (Ukrainian) complicity in the Holocaust. It is a valuable revaluation, exactlyon the microhistoric level, of the common imaginations and myths about mass help given to Jews by the Poles. It’s an important scientific find, made based on a solid analysis of the vast source base and subject literature. As a supplement of this picture there is a statistic of the phenomenonof Holocaust in both tomes, “counted” (with limitations, of course) on this lowest levelof the historical process. The names – of both the perpetrators and co-perpetrators – and, whatis most important – both institutional, Polish (Polish Blue Police, the volunteer fire brigades, military guard, the Junaks from Baudienst), and individual co-perpetrators, who mostly tookover a part of the Jewish wealth after the Holocaust – are the complementing factor here. The two tomes require the studies to be continued, as only the full elaboration on the poviat level will allow for the synthetic and balancing approach. It will allow for deconstructing many propaganda or political-ideological myths present in part in Polish history, and most of all – in Polish journalism and the attitudes of Polish politicians and sometimes ecclesiastic personalities. As a consequence, it will also affect, in some way, the myths present in the consciousness and attitudes of a part of the society. This is why these two tomes are that important – they are scientifically solid and reliable, requiring reflection and discourse, and are a result of free scientific research and authors’ sovereignty.

18

Janusz Żarnowski – jako historyk dziejów społecznych Polski i Europy

63%

Mędrzecki W.

Kwartalnik Historyczny

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2020

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vol. 127

|

issue 2

EN

Janusz Żarnowski belonged to the group of Polish historians who after 1956 participated in a lively scientific exchange between the Polish and French circles of historians. A combination of traditional historical methodology with Marxist cognitive perspective and fascination for the achievements of French social history and sociology made it possible for him to develop his own original methodology of historical research into the social structures and processes occurring in twentieth-century Poland. The article presents Żarnowski’s most important scholarly works on the subject and suggests their comprehensive interpretation.

PL

Janusz Żarnowski należał do grupy historyków polskich, którzy po 1956 r. uczestniczyli w ożywionej wymianie naukowej polskiego i francuskiego środowiska historycznego. Połączenie klasycznego warsztatu historycznego, marksistowskiej perspektywy poznawczej z fascynacją osiągnięciami francuskiej historii społecznej oraz socjologii pozwoliło mu wypracować oryginalną metodologię historycznych badań nad strukturami i procesami społecznymi zachodzącymi w dwudziestowiecznej Polsce. Artykuł prezentuje najważniejsze prace naukowe Żarnowskiego z tego zakresu oraz proponuje ich całościową interpretację.

19

W przededniu transformacji. Studium pewnego dziennika osobistego

63%

Przeperski M., Wicenty D.

Polska 1944/45-1989. Studia i Materiały

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2023

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issue 20

245-273

EN

This article analyses the diaries of Teresa Konarska, a pensioner of landed gentry origins but also a diarist and observer of political life. The selected volumes of journals, written between August 1988 and April 1989, provide an opportunity to study the mentality, opinions and emotions of the intelligentsia’s vision of the social and political world. The authors identify its key elements: politics as the domain of actors, the dichotomous division of the world (party people vs Solidarity people, ‘up to the scratch’ vs fools), a sense of threat, hopelessness and decline. In conclusion, they set this subjective vision within the context of the knowledge of Polish society in the 1980s and the antecedents of the phenomena that became visible in the 1990s.

PL

Artykuł stanowi analizę dzienników Teresy Konarskiej, emerytki o ziemiańskim rodowodzie, a zarazem diarystki i obserwatorki życia politycznego. Wybrane tomy dzienników, powstałe między sierpniem 1988 a kwietniem 1989 r., dają sposobność do studium mentalności, wyobrażeń i emocji inteligenckiej wizji świata społecznego i politycznego. Autorzy wskazują jej kluczowe elementy: politykę jako domenę aktorów, dychotomiczny podział świata (partyjni vs. solidarnościowcy, ludzie na poziomie vs. głupcy), poczucie zagrożenia, beznadziei i schyłku. Konkludując, osadzają tę subiektywną wizję w kontekście wiedzy o polskim społeczeństwie lat osiemdziesiątych oraz antecedencji zjawisk, które stały się widoczne w latach dziewięćdziesiątych.

20

Od izolacji do leczenia. Ewolucja stosunku do psychicznie chorych w dziewiętnastowiecznych Prusach na przykładzie funkcjonowania Prowincjonalnego Zakładu dla Chorych Psychicznie w Darłowie (1841–1900)

63%

Chróściak E.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2020

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vol. 85

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issue 2

95-112

EN

The situation of the mentally ill changed significantly at the end of the eighteenth and in the nineteenth century, the era that saw a gradual dissemination of humanitarian ideas. In Prussia, the humanitarian reforms began in the early nineteenth century and resulted in the establishment of several institutions for the mentally ill, which were to appear in all provinces of the Hohenzollern monarchy. One of these facilities was the institution in Darłowo (Rügenwalde), which was established in 1842. The aim of the paper is to answer the question whether the humanitarian proposals were implemented in practice. To date, Polish researchers have studied these issues only in the context of the Province of Silesia and Province of Posen. The application of the comparative method and the analysis of the documents, including rules and guidelines for the facility in Darłowo, have demonstrated that the implementation of the reforms in the Province of Pomerania was significantly delayed. The facility in Darłowo was not meant as an institution for treating patients with mental illness until the 1860s. The organisation of the staff, little or no variety in categorising patients, and slim chances of leaving the facility indicate that its main aim was to isolate patients from the society. The humanitarian ideas can be deemed to have been implemented only as of 1863, i.e. after the institution had been reorganised. It was then that the main task of the facility became to effectively and non-violently treat the mentally ill and enable their return to society.

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