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Zapiski Historyczne
|
2019
|
vol. 84
|
issue 2
205-234
EN
The article constitutes an attempt to initiate research on the attitude of the Toruń community towards the political authorities after the martial law, the basic subject of which is not the opposition but a broad cross-section of society. The aim of the article is to examine the moods and behavior of the personnel of Toruń’s enterprises, with special emphasis on employees not belonging to the political opposition. The files of the archival collection of the Provincial Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party in Toruń and selected underground magazines were used for the research. The conclusions reveal the ambiguous and variable, if not radical, attitude of Toruń’s workers to the authorities in the discussed period, and the fact that dissatisfaction was based mainly on the economic grounds.
EN
The article constitutes an attempt to initiate research on the attitude of the Toruń community towards the political authorities after the martial law, the basic subject of which is not the opposition but a broad cross-section of society. The aim of the article is to examine the moods and behavior of the personnel of Toruń’s enterprises, with special emphasis on employees not belonging to the political opposition. The files of the archival collection of the Provincial Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party in Toruń and selected underground magazines were used for the research. The conclusions reveal the ambiguous and variable, if not radical, attitude of Toruń’s workers to the authorities in the discussed period, and the fact that dissatisfaction was based mainly on the economic grounds.
PL
Wybory parlamentarne z 19 stycznia 1947 r. były dla komunistów zamknięciem etapu przejmowania władzy. By zapewnić sobie przewagę w kampanii przedwyborczej, wykorzystano wszelkie możliwe narzędzia, łącznie z aresztowaniami. Z jednej strony prowadzono działania mające na celu eliminację przeciwników politycznych, z drugiej zaś starano się osłabić opór społeczny. Dla komunistów społeczeństwo stało się przedmiotem w walce wyborczej, który należało odpowiednio ukształtować, by osiągnąć zamierzone cele. Równocześnie swoją kampanię prowadziły opozycyjne Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe i organizacje podziemne. Brutalna walka polityczna powodowała zagubienie większości wyborców w obliczu wykluczających się wzajemnie obietnic wyborczych oraz oficjalnej propagandy nieznajdującej odzwierciedlenia w rzeczywistości. Swoistą reakcją na niezrozumienie istniejącej sytuacji, ale i na obawy o przyszłość stały się plotki i pogłoski obiegające Polskę w przededniu wyborów. Prześledzenie pogłosek i plotek pokazuje stopień dezorientacji społeczeństwa w zachodzących zmianach wewnętrznych, jego stosunek do władz komunistycznych, ale i do opozycji. Pozwala na odtworzenie obaw i stopnia niepewności co do przyszłości kraju, jak i problemów dnia codziennego w okresie przedwyborczym.
EN
The parliamentary elections of January 19th, 1947, for the communists were the closing of the seizure of power. To ensure an advantage in pre-election use, all available tools available, including arrests, were used. On the one hand, they are guided by activities involving the goal of eliminating social opponents, while on the other they neutralize social resistance. For communist public opinion, it was included in an electoral struggle that had to be shaped properly by its intended purposes. Simultaneously, the opposition Polish People's Party and underground institutions conducted their campaign. The brutal political struggle empowered the majority of voters, in the calculation of mutually exclusive electoral promises, in the calculation of the official propaganda of the unsupported relationship in reality. A kind of reaction to a misunderstanding of the existing situation, but also concerns about the future, turned into rumors and hearsay that began to circulate Poland on the eve of elections. Tracing the rumors shows the degree of social confusion about the internal changes taking place, attitudes to the communist authorities, but also to the opposition and the solution of problems related to the future of the country, as well as everyday problems in the pre-election period.
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