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1
100%
EN
Political life in western democracies, even beyond the periods of subsequent elections, resembles permanent electoral campaign. All the actions of politicians and public relations of professionals are calculated to maintain supporters, attract hesitant citizens and persuade opponents. There is a common perception of media as a channel serving politicians, supported by spin doctors, to submit messages, aiming at achievement of political success. Analysis of changes in terms of communication and political marketing requires redefinition of classical categories operated by political marketing and communication, namely the notions of sender, message and receiver. While reformulating these categories, it is necessary to also analyze new tools and devices used by domains mentioned above. Presentation and explanation of their new content, definitions and relations between them leads to the conclusions concerning new role of media in the world dominated by high technologies.
EN
This paper explores the microscopic behavioral characteristics of various nodes in a social network and the macro-evolution law of its formation. Taking the Sina microblog in China as an example, the article presents a multi-agent simulation analysis on the Netlogo platform. The results show that a double limited and heterogeneous feature is possessed by the social network, namely the limited size of the network and the in-degree and out-degree of the nodes, as well as the heterogeneous attributes of the nodes. Compared with a small-world and scale-free network, the double limited and heterogeneous social network can better simulate a real social network. It not only has the overall structural characteristics of a smallworld and scale-free network, but also microscopically reflects the influence and control of different types of nodes in a social network.
EN
The emergence of the Internet caused a significant simplification of interpersonal communication all over the world. True, the communication became fast, cheap and convenient and for people, who by nature are social beings, it enabled easy bonding, maintaining relationships and strengthened the feeling of belonging to one group or another. Along with development of the Internet social networking portals emerged becoming a popular means of communication and entertainment specifically dedicated to young people. The paper outlines the most important advantages and disadvantages of social networks especially with respect to security.
EN
Facebook as a new source of social exclusion in Web 2.0 eraSocial life in the 21st century is no longer composed simply of direct communication but also of technology-mediated one. Moreover, these two patterns of communication are both equally important. In such cyberreal world the Internet not only is the equalizing force which reduces traditionally understood social divisions but also offers additional opportunities and creates a new kind of social exclusion – the social network exclusion. The main aim of this article is an analysis of the mechanisms created by Facebook that exclude and limit the access to its content, as compared with the traditional forms of social life and exclusion. Facebook jako źródło wykluczenia społecznego ery Web 2.0W XXI wieku życie społeczne opiera się już nie tylko na komunikacji bezpośredniej, ale jest również zapośredniczone cyfrowo, przy czym obie te sfery są sobie równoważne. W tak rozumianym cyberrealnym świecie internet nie jest wyłącznie siłą zacierającą tradycyjne podziały społeczne, lecz oferuje techniczne możliwości i sprzyja tworzeniu nowego typu wykluczenia – społecznościowego. Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza portalu Facebook pod kątem mechanizmów wykluczających i ograniczających dostęp do zgromadzonych w serwisie treści w kontekście tradycyjnych form życia i wykluczenia społecznego.
EN
This article deals with the Internet social media services such as blogs, social networks as a contemporary channel of information sharing among different kinds and categories of auditory. The information becomes more dynamic thanks to modern electronic technology. The very process of reception is modified. And the fact that the space of information flows is also interactive, that is, everyone can participate in its formation, displays the processes of mass communication to a whole new level. Electronic media texts of the space is very dynamic, but more interestingly, they have the characteristics of temporal independence. Comparing this feature with traditional nonelectronic media, the fact that any announcement can be almost seamlessly to edit or delete at any time provides a unique advantage, because now you can flexibly manage the information that has already been published (edit, add or even delete). Thus, analyzing the trends of the major genres of social media (blogs, social networks), we conclude that the mass communication of information in the space of the Internet makes the flow more and more to think about how to effectively use it for the benefit of themselves and others. This forces us to reconsider our attitude to the media reality, as to the space in which we actually exist.
EN
Research over the past decades has demonstrated that the social support impacts significantly on health of individuals and their ability to cope with stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the level and kinds of the received support and examine its predictors. The study was performed personally, using interviews based on the structural questionnaires. The group of respondents consisted of 203 people aged 65 years and over living in rural areas in Małopolska. The social support was evaluated by means of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS SSS) scale. The analysis of the collected research material was performed using the statistical package SPSS 19 for Windows and multivariate analysis techniques. The obtained results indicate that participants were experienced high level of instrumental support. In addition, the level and type of received support was determined by respondents: age, self-health assessment, disability in physical functioning and family situation.
EN
Human rights are “basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled”. Proponents of the concept usually assert that all humans are endowed with certain entitlements merely by reason of being human. Human rights are thus conceived in a universalist and egalitarian fashion. Such entitlements can exist as shared norms of actual human moralities, as justifi ed moral norms or natural rights supported by strong reasons, or as legal rights either at a national level or within international law. However, there is no consensus as to the precise nature of what in particular should or should not be regarded as a human right in any of the preceding senses, and the abstract concept of human rights has been a subject of intense philosophical debate and criticism. As the new millennium emerges, trends in global human rights are changing. Human rights issues are crossing sovereign boundaries and are no longer just issues of the state. As more and more non-governmental organizations are growing, and the Internet expands and facilitates a quicker spread of information, there are more and more people raising concerns about human rights related issues. Some of these come from the increasingly larger and infl uential commercial sector including large, multinational companies, while the others are raised by ordinary people, being parts of different networks. The aim of this article is to examine the way social networks influence and change the methods of raising the awareness concerning human rights on one hand, but, on the other hand, to analyse how new media contribute to deepening global inequalities.
8
80%
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2018
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vol. 28
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issue 2
85-108
EN
A number of selected works on the dynamics of opinions and beliefs in social networks has been discussed. Both Bayesian and non-Bayesian approaches to social learning have been considered, but the analysis has been focused on a simple, tractable and widely used model of updating beliefs – the DeGroot model. The author studied the dynamics of opinions based on the DeGroot model from dif-ferent points of view. First, its attractive features and shortcomings were discussed and then some of its extensions have been presented. These models are based on the DeGroot updating rule, but addition-ally incorporate the possibility of improvements and enrichments of the framework.
EN
Border University Network this is international consortium of universities from Poland, Belarus, Lithuania, Russia and Ukraine. Author of presents structure of the network with including contacts each of her nodes has which. With the network analysis author describes and it presents properties of the discussed structure moreover, so as: positions of actors in network, density, centrality, strong and weak ties, structural holes. Besides author describes development of network society as new form of organization of social life as well as presence and meaning of network of university in development science in Poland.
EN
Learning Activity Management System (LAMS) has been trialled and used by users from many countries around the globe, but despite the positive attitude towards its potential benefits to pedagogical processes its adoption in practice has been uneven, reflecting how difficult it is to make a new technology based concept an integral part of the education system. In order to investigate and determine the elements that block the adoption of learning design tools in general, the study will review research papers that have been published in recent years on this subject, especially LAMS. The study will discuss patterns of critical aspects related to adoption of learning design tools and derive a framework that can be used in follow-up studies aimed at collecting relevant empirical data from practitioners to identify key progress measures of the adoption process. These measures may be used later to devise strategies that will see increased adoption of online learning design tools such as LAMS in school systems and higher education institutions.
Res Rhetorica
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2017
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vol. 4
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issue 1
59-72
EN
This essay analyzes the argumentative basis of the maternity debate on the main social network sites, in relation to the debate on the draft of Cirinnà bill on gay and lesbian civil partnerships in the Italian Parliament, to evaluate its congruence. The study of suasion (Eco, 1986), defi ned as a technique of covert persuasion, i.e., concealed and hidden (Mortara Garavelli, 2001), in relation to new media, represents “a new area of rhetoric, which deals almost exclusively with words and the act of writing in largely predetermined contexts” (Marazzini, 2001).
EN
Fans are of central importance to sport service production. Their passion, excitement, and involvement plays a crucial role in event implementation and value creation. Due to the importance of fans as "co-producers" of the sport service, the hypothesis of this research is that a fan community is a salient stakeholder in the value co-creation process. This paper focuses on how a football fan community engages in manifold interaction with its team, the local context, and the network of actors as a whole. Within the theoretical framework of the stakeholders and the network approach, a multi-case analysis and thorough examination of the ACF Fiorentina's season ticket holders database enlightens a system of relationships where fans are able to influence the internal dynamics of the social network that has developed around the football club. In light of the empirical evidence presented by the case studies and the database on supporters, we propose a first typology of fans' roles and strategic behaviours. Findings, though not exhaustive, illustrate not only the roles assumed by fans during matches in terms of identification and participation, but also underline the variety of ways in which fans behave as stakeholders of their own team. In terms of value cocreation, this research highlights the fan community as a salient stakeholder and not just a mere spectator. Fans and supporters not only are crucial actors in implementing the sport service, but they even play an important role of influencing the choices and behaviours of the football club and other stakeholders.
EN
The topic of the paper is the phenomenon of alternative accounts and the repercussionsin the social and cultural life of the Internet. First of all, the notion of user accounts isexamined. Two main ways of understanding the function of a user account are described.According to the first one, it is the private virtual home of a particular user. The second approachperceives it as nothing more than a way of accessing a service. Next, the notion of a secondary, alternative account is introduced, a sock puppet, offering an alternative identityfor a service user. In the following part the structure and functions of a personal homepage are analysed. Analogically there are two contradictory home page strategies. The firstone interprets them as a pieces of “real life”, whereas the second stresses self-creationaland persuasive strategies applied in them. The transition between personal home pagesto user account profiles is described as a part of the Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 evolution and itsconsequences for the so-called identity tourism.In the subsequent practical part of the paper some cases of usage of alternative accountsare examined. The first concerns Wikipedia, where this phenomenon is indicatedwith the term sock puppet. The second is Faceopera, a play of fictional characters going ona Facebook platform and also engaging real users.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł omawia zjawisko kont alternatywnych oraz jego konsekwencje dla społecznegoi kulturalnego życia w internecie. Na wstępie analizie poddano pojęcie kontaużytkownika oraz opisano dwa jego rozumienia: jako swego rodzaju prywatny, wirtualnydomek użytkownika oraz jako sposób dostępu do usługi internetowej. W dalszej kolejnościwprowadzono pojęcie konta alternatywnego, czyli marionetki, oferującego użytkownikowiserwisu alternatywną tożsamość. Następnie przeanalizowano strukturę i funkcjęprywatnej strony domowej. Analogicznie i tu znaleźć można dwie przeciwstawne strategiejej pojmowania. Podczas gdy pierwsza interpretuje ją jako „kawałek prawdziwego życia”,druga kładzie nacisk na zastosowane w niej strategie autokreacyjne i perswazyjne. Przejścieod prywatnych stron domowych do profili związanych z kontem użytkownika opisanojako element ewolucji sieci od Web 1.0 do Web 2.0 i z tej perspektywy przedstawionokonsekwencje tej ewolucji dla rozkwitu tak zwanej turystyki tożsamościowej.W końcowej, empirycznej części artykułu badaniu poddano kilka przypadków użyciakont alternatywnych. Pierwszy dotyczy Wikipedii, gdzie zjawisko to określane jest mianem„pacynki”. Drugi to Faceopera, gra fikcyjnych postaci tocząca się na platformie Facebookai angażująca także prawdziwych użytkowników.
EN
The aim of this paper is to explore the social networks of the young generation of Lithuanian minority and the role of social networks in educational migration patterns, both domestic migration and migration to Lithuania. The analysis is based on the ongoing fieldwork conducted among representatives of the Lithuanian minority, inspired by the “multi-sited etnography” tradition. The author discusses the socio-economic and demographic background of the Lithuanian community in Poland, and explains how the migration changes the identification and practices of migrants, with particular attention given to the adaptation process.
16
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Determining models of influence

70%
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2016
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vol. 26
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issue 2
69-85
EN
We consider a model of opinion formation based on aggregation functions. Each player modifies his opinion by arbitrarily aggregating the current opinion of all players. A player is influential on another player if the opinion of the first one matters to the latter. Generalization of an influential player to a coalition whose opinion matters to a player is called an influential coalition. Influential players (coalitions) can be graphically represented by the graph (hypergraph) of influence, and convergence analysis is based on properties of the hypergraphs of influence. In the paper, we focus on the practical issues of applicability of the model w.r.t. a standard framework for opinion formation driven by Markov chain theory. For a qualitative analysis of convergence, knowing the aggregation functions of the players is not required, one only needs to know the set of influential coalitions for each player. We propose simple algorithms that permit us to fully determine the influential coalitions. We distinguish three cases: a symmetric decomposable model, an anonymous model, and a general model.
EN
Countering social exclusion is becoming a import_ant social issue. Those kinds of activities are developed in the field of anti-discrimination education, (where one of the most meaningful aspects is preventing hate speech). Such activities are undertaken in campaigns and projects, for example: “Bez nienawiści,” “Hejtstop,” “Mowa miłości,” which are promoted on the social network Facebook. They are examples of good practices that should be disseminated and continued, also in the context of formal education.
EN
The research for this article was conducted to illustrate the relationship between social media use and its effect on studying. We found out that there is a relationship between social media use and its impact on teaching and studying, more precisely, that social media can be used with a collaborative purpose while working on a research project and it can strengthen the relationships between students and teachers as well. Over 75 students and 8 teachers completed a survey questionnaire consisting of more than 20 questions. The research shows that a significant relationship is most likely to develop between social media, collaborative research and teaching.
EN
The main aim of this paper is to provide some useful methods and examples in foreign language teaching by mobile learning system, which represents a further step in e-learning or blended learning development. Considering the fact, that in 2011 there were around 500 million smartphones and 34 million tablets and over 1 billion app downloads, the necessity of taking advantage of these practical, small devices in teaching seems obvious. The term of mobile learning describes the process of learning when the learner does not have to be in a defined location and she uses the mobile technology. Nowadays the system consists of learning programs which do not depend on time and place and can be used in the leisure time. The main benefit of these programs is an opportunity of adapting activities, work schedule, learning strategies to the learner's needs and skills.
EN
Purpose: Trust in e-business is a key factor because of impersonal contact, dependence on IT systems and the need to disclose important information. Trust can influence behaviour by motivating the audience to read the message, but also encourages Internet users to assess their usefulness. Therefore, the aim of the survey was to assess the significance of trust in the other website users for building general trust in online portals, as exemplified by construction and interior design portals. Methodology: The study was carried out in the form of an online survey sent to individuals by e-mail. Findings: The study revealed that most of the respondents exhibited a fairly passive approach, treating the portals as a source of information about trends in architecture, interior design or building and house decoration companies. There is a strong correlation between the total trust in the construction and interior design portal in general and trust between its fellow users. This trust manifested itself most strongly as confidence in the honesty of online community members, as well as confidence in the skills and knowledge of people who recommend products or share their opinions on the portal. Originality: Most of the studies conducted so far have concerned online shops in the context of IT systems use of third-parties and privacy protection,1 the company’s goodwill, the quality of websites and their influence on the decisions whether to participate in e-commerce or not.2 The present study aims to assess the level of trust among the users of social networking portals, contributing to these with their recommendations, reviews or opinions.
PL
Zaufanie w e-biznesie jest kluczowym czynnikiem wpływającym na wielkość sprzedaży i sukces firm prowadzących taką działalność. Bezosobowy kontakt, konieczność posługiwania się systemami informatycznymi oraz konieczność ujawniania istotnych danych sprawiają, że klienci czują się w środowisku internetowym wyjątkowo niepewnie. Warto więc zastanowić się, jakie czynniki mogą budować zaufanie użytkowników do portali internetowych. W związku z tym celem badania było określenie znaczenia zaufania do użytkowników portali w budowaniu ogólnego zaufania do tych portali na przykładzie portali o profilu budowlanownętrzarskim. Respondenci deklarują raczej umiarkowane zaufanie do portali budowlano-wnętrzarskich, co jest związane z ograniczonym zaufaniem do ich użytkowników. Okazało się bowiem, że istnieje silna zależność pomiędzy zaufaniem do portali a zaufaniem do osób tworzących społeczność tych portali.
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