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1
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Pozycja ucznia w grupie rówieśniczej

100%
Paszkiewicz A.
Scientific Bulletin of Chełm - Section of Pedagogy
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2013
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issue 1
159-167
EN
For the child peer group is a place where it acquires a number of desirable social skills and significantly affects the progress of the socialization process of young people. Peer group plays an important role for school-age children because during this period there is a need of isolation from adults and the need to be among people in the same age and similar interests or tastes. Peer groups are ruled by certain laws – the children are divided into popular and unpopular, distinguish leaders and their followers. In the case of rejected children, we have to deal with some negative consequences, such as social isolation, feelings of social incompetence, and even neurosis or criminal behavior. Such situations can certainly be seen in the classroom. Failures experienced in dealing with peers can negatively affect the formation of the student’s self-image. Hence, one of the most important tasks of the school will be appropriate managing and shaping the student’s self-image. It will be based on self-discovery, identifying gaps and defects in such a way that student is able to overcome them.
2

International Survey in Eight Countries about Teachers and Teaching Profession

88%
Chistolini S.
Journal of Pedagogy
|
2010
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vol. 1
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issue 2
67-86
EN
An international team of experts from Belgium, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, Turkey and the USA employed a questionnaire to identify the deontology of teachers from infant to secondary school in eight countries. The survey was implemented between 2004 and 2007. The socio-cultural concept of Verstehen (understanding) as described in the work of Max Weber, points to the clear significance of being a teacher at this time in history. Qualitative and quantitative analysis allow for an understanding that the teacher is exactly that, in any context. The ideal typology of the teacher is the result of training at a university level and working in the school system. Phenomenal differentiations characterise the various situations and broaden the perspective of the study, including an identification of the shared features of the profession. The strong, common core is the responsibility towards fellow teachers balanced out by a weak, yet common note of regret regarding the scant social prestige of being a teacher. There seems to be a lack of communication between the personal and social aspects involved in shaping the professional identity. The social image of teachers weighs heavily on their professional status due to the inevitable political implications it results in and the considerable effect on institutional behaviour. Teachers listen, but they are not heard; teachers are committed, but remain unrecognised; teachers evaluate, but are evaluated in turn. The issue of the social importance of the profession of teachers in our societies emerges as a crucial point in the perspective of educating young generations.
3
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The prestige of martial arts and combat sports from a sociological perspective

63%
Dziubiński Z.
Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
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2024
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vol. 24
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issue 2
11-18
EN
Background. Prestige is one of the most valued social resources. The ongoing transformation of martial arts into combat sports inspires scientific analysis of these changes, and above all, a search for the sources of prestige for both martial arts and combat sports. Problem and aim. The aim of the research is to consider martial arts and combat sports through the prism of social prestige, but also to indicate its different sources. Results. Both martial arts and combat sports enjoy recognition and social prestige, but the genesis of this prestige is completely different. Martial arts prestige derives from the tradition customs and culture of Asian societies. On the other hand, the prestige of combat sports arises from the logic of (post)modern societies, which is focused on success, fame and money. It is also a consequence of such processes as globalization, mediatization, commercialization, professionalization and spectacularization of combat sports and martial arts. Conclusions. Martial arts prestige is based on fully humanistic and personalistic premises, while the prestige of combat sports is based on the logic of pragmatism, material benefits and success, often at any price.
PL
Tło. Prestiż należy do najbardziej cenionych zasobów społecznych. Dokonujące się przeobrażenia sztuk walki w sporty walki inspirują do naukowego analizowania tych zmian, a przede wszystkim dociekania źródeł prestiżu zarówno sztuk walki jak i sportów walki. Problem i cel. Celem badań jest ukazanie sztuk walki i sportów walki przez pryzmat prestiżu społecznego, ale także wskazanie na odmienne jego źródła. Wyniki. Zarówno sztuki walki jak i sporty walki cieszą się uznaniem i prestiżem społecznym, jednak geneza tego prestiżu jest całkowicie inna. Prestiż sztuk walki wynika z tradycji, obyczaju i kultury społeczeństw azjatyckich. Natomiast prestiż sportów walki wynika z logiki społeczeństw (po nowoczesnych, ukierunkowanych na sukces, sławę i pieniądze. Jest także konsekwencją takich procesów jak globalizacja, mediatyzacja, komercjalizacja, profesjonalizacja i spektakularyzacja sportu i sztuk walki. Wnioski. Sztuki walki posiadają prestiż, u podstaw którego tkwią w pełni humanistyczne i personalistyczne przesłanki, natomiast sporty walki posiadają prestiż, u podstaw którego tkwi logika pragmatyzmu, korzyści materialnych i sukcesu, nierzadko za wszelką cenę.
4
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Уход за младенцами: практики, тексты и культурные конфликты

51%
Pletneva A.
Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
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2017
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vol. 1
249-269
EN
To create the social history of Russia and the history of everyday life, one needs a description of local everyday practices. This article focuses on the everyday practices associated with the birth of a baby and care for it. The author proceeds from the fact that the 18th and 19th centuries in Russia saw the coexistence of two cultures and two household traditions – the culture of the educated classes and the peasant culture. At the level of everyday practices, they made a certain influence on each other. On the one hand, ethnographic materials were used as sources, and on the other hand – popular medical literature of the 19th century. The article analyzes the practices themselves and the mechanisms of their influence on each other, while it appears that the effect of the practices of educated social groups on people’s life was a conscious Kulturtraeger activity. The influence of peasant household traditions on the lifestyle of educated classes was carried out primarily through direct impact. The ubiquity of nurses who belonged to a different social group than the child’s parents, led to the fact that, despite the parents’ resistance, peasant childcare practices (baby-rocking, pacifier, sleeping together, etc.) were used quite actively.
5
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Mit srebrnej łyżeczki? Przedmioty prestiżowe w szlacheckich inwentarzach majątkowych z ksiąg grodzkich województwa krakowskiego w czasach saskich

51%
Penkała-Jastrzębska A.
Kwartalnik Historyczny
|
2020
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vol. 127
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issue 1
PL
Podjęta analiza ma na celu próbę charakterystyki i określenie skali wzmiankowania przedmiotów świadczących o prestiżu właścicieli w szlacheckich inwentarzach pośmiertnych z pierwszej połowy XVIII w. W ramach podjętych badań przestudiowano, w jaki sposób rzeczywiście postrzegano prestiż w kręgach magnackich oraz na ile średnia i uboższa szlachta – której inwentarze dominują w analizowanym materiale źródłowym – inspirowała się i wzorowała na stylu życia najzamożniejszych. Szczegółowa analiza zachowanych źródeł tego typu jest przyczynkiem do scharakteryzowania szlacheckiego standardu życia i próbą wyznaczenia rangi, jaką w szlacheckim świecie wiązano z posiadaniem określonych mobiliów.
EN
The analysis conducted here is an attempt to characterize and determine the scale of references made to objects conferring prestige on their owners in noble post-mortem inventories from the first half of the eighteenth century. The autor has examined how prestige was regarded in magnate circles and to extent to which the middle and lower nobility – whose inventories dominate in the analysed source material – imitated the lifestyle of the most wealthy. A thorough analysis of the preserved sources is a contribution to the characterization of the standard of living of the nobility and an attempt to determine the importance attached to the possession of certain kinds of movable property.
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