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PL
The child automatically becomes a member of the peer group when he/she starts school education. The peer group is of great importance for the student’s social development. The student can either gain a position in the group, which will give him a sense of security, or he/she can be rejected by his peers. The article concerns peer relations of children with visual impairments. It presents the conditions of peer relations of children with vision disorders and shows the results of research on the sociometric position of this group of students in the classroom in public and integration schools.
EN
Authors in this article deal with the issue of people who are, for various reasons, without accommodation. They analyse the causes of their condition, which is absolutely necessary to know, in order to be able to help them. They analyse options that are currently offered in this area. They highlight the issue of their health, which is of course seriously affected by their limited conditions of survival. Their decline of social status as of valid members of our society leads to a serious problem that should be related to all of us if we do not want to allocate them from the society. Homelessness is the urgent medical, nursing, social, psychological, ethical and sociological problem. It is in interest of the public health from the aspect of the spread of infections and of interest of independent foundations and non-profit organizations. Volunteers play an increasingly important role in the care of the homeless community, either as a group or as single individuals.
PL
This article shows the current state of knowledge about: the economic situation and social interactions of families of prisoners. An in-depth analysis of own research, as well as those presented so far in Polish and foreign literature, has allowed to distinguish three types of social situations of families of prisoners, with particular emphasis on their economic situation and social interactions, namely; (1) the social situation of a family supporting the resocialization of the prisoner, (2) the social situation of a prisoner’s family, which is in opposition to the process of resocialization, (3) the social situation of a family focused on the reconstruction of its own social environment.
PL
Scientists practicing social sciences issues more and more often undertake constructing and performing eclectic research projects. Nowadays, qualitative and quantitative approaches are thought to be equivalent. Their results can be characterized by complementarity, facilitation and/or triangulation. The article presents two research papers – quantitative which is represented by a report titled ‘Social situation of LGBTA people in Poland. Report 2015-2016’ written by organizations supporting LGBTQIA environments – and quantitative master thesis titled ‘The quality of life of homosexual women – cases study’. These projects arose in similar time, but they were developed and conducted independently. Compared results are connected to issues of functioning of homosexual women in a range of identical or approximate categories of both studies. The main aim of the article is to show the validity of quantitative and qualitative trends connection on the example of presented papers – despite of distinctiveness of these two conceptions their results illustrate each other in many questions. The quantitative publication pictures the scale of the phenomenon while the qualitative one gives the context of gathered data. In presented text it is shown not only how the results complement one another, but also how they mutually verify and give a possibility to widen the cafeteria of dependent variables or categories of thematic-notions frame.The secondary aim of the paper is to outline the problematic aspects of functioning of homosexual women in environments and social groups to which they belong. The article is rich in references that discusses in details mentioned issues; these are: an attitude toward public institutions and condipolitics in Poland, conditions of sexual orientation openness, professional, family and social relations, same-sexrelationships and a violence motivated by prejudices. The awareness of benefits from using the eclectic approach in examining social phenomena can arise the cognitive value of research projects and as an effect increase effectiveness of actions in favour of nonheteronormative individuals.
EN
The social situation of students with disabilities, due to existing stereotypes, social distance, not coping with the diversity and many other factors will be complex. The purpose of this article was to analyze the situation of pupils with sight disabilities in non-segregated forms of education: mainstream and integrated schools. Participation in social relations of blind and visually impaired students is described from two perspectives: the objective expressed in the sociometric position in the classroom as well as subjective measured by social integration – satisfaction with peer contacts. Existing relationships between these two variables and factors moderating it became the basis for interpreting the results of research conducted on a group of 60 students with visual impairment. A significant correlation between positive sociometric status and social integration, while generally neutral sociometric positions and relatively high satisfaction with peer contacts might suggest, that students with visual impairment in nonsegregated education forms are tolerated and subjectively do not feel the negative attitudes of their peers. Unfortunately, rarely they belong to the category of accepted students.
EN
In monitoring the social situation at the regional and the local level there are 5 groups of problems arising from: (1) temporal conditions, (2) low frequency or clear specificity of the process, (3) impossibility to clearly define indicators, (4) difficulty in delimitation units, (5) the so-called human factor. The article focuses on the first of these groups of problems and discusses risks arising from: (1a) a very long delay in accessing data and (1b) collecting data in periods rarer than one year. These problems are illustrated with examples from the Pomeranian Voivodeship. For both discussed issues, ways to partly avoid them are also proposed. In the case of processes of a deterministic character, taking older data is suggested. In the case of processes of a stochastic character and while monitoring of a relatively small number of local government units, some data can be collected directly from these units. In the case of processes of a stochastic character and a large number of units, no viable solution has been found.
PL
Monitorując sytuację społeczną na szczeblu regionalnym i lokalnym spotykamy się z pięcioma grupami problemów wynikających z: (1) uwarunkowań czasowych, (2) małej częstotliwości lub wyraźnej specyfiki procesu, (3) niemożności jednoznacznego zdefiniowania wskaźników, (4) trudności z delimitacją jednostek, (5) tzw. czynnika ludzkiego. Główne cele artykułu są dwa. Pierwszym jest omówienie jednej z grup problemów – związanej z czasową dostępnością danych. Drugim celem jest przedstawienie propozycji radzenia sobie (tam, gdzie to jest możliwe) z tą grupą problemów. W ramach omawianej grupy problemów wyróżniono te wynikające z dużego opóźnienia w dostępie do danych oraz będące rezultatem gromadzenia danych w okresie rzadszym niż roczny.
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EN
The article presents the socio-economic situation of the students in terms of current changes. The students are among the more affluent parts of Polish and Russian youth and trough this aspect should be regarded her opinions on various aspects of her life and education.
EN
The growing demand among local governments for analyses necessitates implementation of spatial monitoring, part of which is monitoring of the social situation. However, this process faces a number of difficulties. Five groups of problems in the monitoring of the situation at the local level have been distinguished, and they result from: (1) time problems related to data inflow; (2) low frequency or clear specificity of the process; (3) problems with delimitation of spatial units; (4) problems related to the human factor; (5) difficulties in clear definitions of indicators. Some of these problems are spatial and some are non-spatial. The article analyzes the last of the mentioned groups and presents problems related to: (1) variation of definitions or classifications over time; (2) difficulties in the operationalization of concepts; (3) differences in calculating indicators at different levels of territorial division. In addition, solutions were proposed to reduce the negative impact of these problems on the quality of the collected data and studies based on them. A need to provide accurate definitions of indicators and changes in classifications is a shared element of the proposed solutions.
PL
Wyróżniono pięć grup problemów monitoringu sytuacji społecznej na szczeblu lokalnym, wynikających z: (1) problemów czasowych związanych z dopływem danych; (2) małej częstotliwości lub wyraźnej specyfiki procesu; (3) problemów z delimitacją jednostek przestrzennych; (4) problemów z czynnikiem ludzkim; (5) trudności w jednoznacznym definiowaniu wskaźników. W artykule poddano analizie ostatnią z wymienionych grup, wyodrębniając problemy związane z: (1) zmiennością w czasie definicji lub klasyfikacji; (2) trudnościami w operacjonalizacji pojęć; (3) różnicami w liczeniu wskaźników na różnych szczeblach podziału terytorialnego. Zaproponowano rozwiązania mające zmniejszyć negatywny wpływ tych problemów na jakość danych. Częścią wspólną tych rozwiązań jest konieczność dokładnego podawania definicji wskaźników oraz zmian w klasyfikacjach.
EN
The aim of the work is to compare the level of progress of social development in voivodeships during the period 2010–2019 with the application of a dynamic synthetic measure. The work is based on data published by the Central Statistical Office characterizing the social situation in individual voivodeships for 2010 and 2019. The linear ordering of multi-feature objects method was used, where the normalization of the variables was carried out using the zero unitarization method. The analysis was carried out in static and dynamic terms. In addition to the indicative values, which included 11 features describing the demographic situation, labor market, education and living conditions, the rankings of voivodeships were prepared in terms of the level of social development in the analyzed years using a static and a dynamic approach. Based on the dynamic synthetic measure, the direction and size of changes that took place in individual voivodeships in the period 2010–2019 were ranked.Research shows that only in 7 voivodeships (Mazowieckie, Małopolskie, Pomorskie Dolnośląskie, Podkarpackie, Kujawsko-Pomorskie and Podlaskie) did the situation improve in terms of the adopted set of diagnostic features, while in the other cases it worsened. In 2019, the best situation occurred in the following voivodeships: Mazowieckie, Małopolskie, Pomorskie and Wielkopolskie, and the lowest indexes were recorded in the following voivodeships: Świętokrzyskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Opolskie and Zachodniopomorskie. In the examined period, the disproportions between voivodeships increased in terms of the studied phenomenon. The application of a dynamic index of development growth allowed not only linear ordering of objects, but also evaluation of the direction and magnitude of the changes in individual objects in the analyzed period.
PL
Celem niniejszej pracy jest porównanie poziomu rozwoju społecznego województw w okresie 2010–2019 z zastosowaniem dynamicznego miernika syntetycznego. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie danych publikowanych przez Główny Urząd Statystyczny charakteryzujących sytuację społeczną w poszczególnych województwach w latach 2010 i 2019. Zastosowano metodę porządkowania liniowego obiektów wielocechowych, przy czym normowanie zmiennych przeprowadzono metodą unitaryzacji zerowanej. Analizę przeprowadzono w ujęciu statycznym i dynamicznym. W oparciu o wartości wskaźnika syntetycznego, który obejmował 11 cech opisujących sytuację demograficzną, rynku pracy, edukacji i warunków życia ludności, sporządzono rankingi województw pod względem poziomu rozwoju społecznego w badanych latach w ujęciu statycznym i dynamicznym. Na podstawie dynamicznego miernika syntetycznego oceniono kierunek i wielkość zmian, jakie zaszły w poszczególnych województwach w okresie 2010–2019. Badania wykazały, że tylko w 7 województwach (mazowieckim, małopolskim, pomorskim, dolnośląskim, podkarpackim, kujawsko- pomorskim i podlaskim) sytuacja pod względem przyjętego zestawu cech diagnostycznych poprawiła się, a w pozostałych uległa pogorszeniu. W 2019 roku najlepsza sytuacja była w województwach: mazowieckim, małopolskim, pomorskim i wielkopolskim, a najniższe wskaźniki odnotowano w województwach: świętokrzyskim, warmińsko-mazurskim, opolskim i zachodniopomorskim. W badanym okresie wzrosły dysproporcje między województwami pod względem badanego zjawiska. Zastosowanie dynamicznego wskaźnika poziomu rozwoju umożliwiło nie tylko uporządkowanie liniowe obiektów, lecz także ocenę kierunku i wielkości zmian w poszczególnych obiektach w badanym okresie.
EN
The article presents the life and activity of Aleksandra Pietrov née Pogodin (1815–1883). It was an extremely difficult period for the Polish people in the Russian partition – a period of the awakening of national consciousness and increasing resistance against the Russian rule before the January Uprising, followed by severe post-uprising reprisals, persecutions and intensified Russification of the Polish nation. Although Petrov was Russian by origin, the wife of a high official of the tsarist administration, above all she was a true friend of the oppressed Polish nation, among whom she spent most of her life and devotedly worked in many domains: charity, education, journalism, editorial and publishing, and even political one.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje życie i działalność Aleksandry z Pogodinów Pietrowej (1815– 1883). Czasy, w których żyła bohaterka tego szkicu, były niezwykle trudne dla społeczności polskiej zaboru rosyjskiego. Przed powstaniem styczniowym budziła się świadomość narodowa i wzrastały oczekiwania wystąpienia zbrojnego przeciwko carskiemu zaborcy, a po nim nastąpiły represje, prześladowania i wzmożona rusyfikacja narodu polskiego. Choć Pietrowa była Rosjanką, żoną wysokiego rangą urzędnika carskiej administracji, została prawdziwą przyjaciółką uciemiężonego narodu polskiego, wśród którego przyszło jej spędzić większą część życia i ofiarnie pracować na wielu płaszczyznach: charytatywnej, oświatowej, publicystycznej, redakcyjno-wydawniczej, a nawet politycznej.
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