This article focuses on the issue of social support received by students of music schools in the context of their musical achievements. The theoretical part of this article contains the characteristics of factors related to the musical achievements of students; the support they receive from their environment is essential for their success in the process of musical education and their subsequent artistic career, in addition to their musical abilities and traits of personality. The research part is devoted to detailed analysis of the support level received by music school students and its correlation to their level of musical achievement. Social support is analysed with a view to its structure, distinguishing the following kinds of support: emotional, evaluative, informative and instrumental received from people who are significant to the music school student and indicates the essential presence of support in the process of musical achievement. Moreover, as part of the presentation of the study, the authors introduce their original tool for measuring social support tailored to the realities of music schools - the Scale of Social Support of the Students of Music Schools (Gluska, 2011). This tool may be applied in the work of educational psychologists and teachers in music schools.
In the face of maintaining a high level of morbidity of civilization diseases, the etiology of which is to a large degree connected with scarcity of physical activity (obesity, coronary heart disease, type II diabetes mellitus etc.), an education dealing with participation in physical culture has become an important social task. In order to be efficient the process should be aimed at developing psychological and behavioural determinants of physical activity but also building social relationships enhancing an active life style. One of the mechanisms through which social environment may influence physical activity of children and youth is social support. The paper presents the results of the study of four kinds of social support for physical activity (instrumental, informational, emotional and evaluational) received by pupils at the age of 14 to 18 from their parents, peers and physical education teachers. The results suggest that the most often received form of support is emotional one (especially from parents and peers) and the least frequent – instrumental support, which is a more direct form of support than the above mentioned one. Moreover, the frequency with which respondents receive social support for their physical activity significantly differentiates particular categories of significant others, with the most rare support from physical education (PE) teachers. Also an interesting phenomenon was observed of parents’decreasing social support for physical activity of girls as they are growing up.
This article consists of three parts. The first made the characteristics of paradigm shifts in the perception of intellectual disability – from the medical model to the social and political and disability in terms of emancipation. The second part is dedicated to the rear movement of parents of persons with disabilities in a sociological theory of social movements and contemporary understanding of new forms of community. The third section presents the most important stages of development of the movement of parents of persons with disabilities in Poland since the 60s to today, indicating the author's classification functions that they perform in the context of emancipation. The author at the beginning of the article poses the question of the role of parents in motion the creation of conditions for the emancipation of people with intellectual disabilities.At the same time it indicates that the movement of the parents may contribute to the emancipation of people with disabilities, by presenting them as autonomous individuals who deserve equal treatment, to support their autonomy and strengthening the sense of agency. Initiatives taken by the parents, or established with their participation entities, they tend to emphasize the role of socio professional people with intellectual disabilities. The change at the same time is the media image of the same disabilities as people with talents, skills, resources or social skills at a high level. On the other hand, the movement of the parents may also contribute to the limitations of the emancipation of people with intellectual disabilities. The emphasis on the social question could result in the presentation and reception with disabilities as dependent, in need of constant care – a consequence as a category helpless in life and socially. Indication of the emancipation of people with disabilities through active participation of parents in the public discourse enables better draw public attention to disability, which may contribute to the better understanding.
Aneta Jarzębińska, Od diagnozy do towarzyszenia w żałobie – wsparcie rodzin z dzieckiem z wadą letalną [From the diagnosis to the accompanying in mourning– support from the families of children with lethal defect]. Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, nr 22, Poznań 2018. Pp. 375-391. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2018.22.21 This article characterizes the interactions and institutions in which parents can receive support after their child has been diagnosed with a lethal defect. First and foremost parents need information and emotional support when making decision regarding their child. The primary source of the aforementioned elements is the hospital personnel and the perinatal hospice- that is if parents decide to contact it. If the child is born alive and discharged from the hospital then the parents require support during its treatment (which more often than not is identical with palliativecare) and rehabilitation, even social rehabilitation. Children’s hospices can offer many services in this particular matter. On each stage of the child’s disease the contact with other parents of children with lethal defect is crucial. They can negate the feeling of isolation, give practical advice regarding the situation and most of all give hope that even though the prognosis is fatal some of the children lived.
In the article the necessity of social support for underage mothers is revealed. The causes of early motherhood include: the processes of acceleration; the liberalization of attitudes in society; effects on behavior of youth media; stability of gender stereotypes; sexual, physical and mental abuse; dysfunctional relationships of adolescents with parents; negative effect of individual education programmes and the lack of an effective system of structural prevention. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the theoretical and methodological foundations of social support for adolescent mothers and justification of the opportunities for its optimization. It is revealed that social support for adolescent mothers is a work aimed at the implementation of social care, assistance and patronage of adolescent mothers to overcome difficulties in life, preserve, enhance her social status.Social support is aimed at finding ways out of a problem situation, to help activate reserves of a young mother. It is determined that the social support of adolescent mothers is characterized by indicators: a systematic approach, phasing, dynamics and flexibility, variability, performance. In the implementation of social support of teenage mothers, it is advisable to use methods such as: socio-economic, institutional, educational, psychological and sociological. It is established that the socio-pedagogical support, as a type of social support focuses on the process of transferring the social experience taking into account characteristics and needs of different categories, the result of which is the inclusion in all social systems, structures, societies, and communications intended for healthy people, as well as active participation in major areas of life and activities of the company in accordance with age and gender, preparing them for a meaningful adult life, the most complete self-realization and disclosure as a person.It is proved that the complex activities in providing various types of assistance for adolescent mothers and their children will help solve the problem of social adaptation of this category of the population. Criterion of the effectiveness of social support is the transformation of underage mothers from providing customer support in client-social service and social prevention.It is revealed that to optimize social support by adolescent mothers: improvement of normative-legal base of social support; improvement of the content of social support for teenage mothers and training of qualified personnel for the implementation of this type of social work.
The article presents the results of research on the relationship between social support and self-care of people with myocardial infarction. 127 patients treated in a rehabilitation centre participated in the study. The Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviours (ISSB) and the Self-care Questionnaire (KTS) developed by the author, were used. The findings suggest that persons receiving little support are characterised by lower level of self-care than people with medium and high level of support. No such difference was noted between people with medium and high support level. This suggests that social support is of considerable importance for the changes in the level of self-care only in the case of people previously receiving little support. The research also indicates that informational support is related to higher level of self-care whereas instrumental support is related to lower level of self-care. Emotional support was significant only for the care for social functioning.
The study focused on the social and religious correlates of life meaningfulness in elderly people. 180 respondents were administered Life Meaningfulness Scale, Social Support Survey MOS, Swedish Religious Orientation Scale and Religious Salience Scale. Besides these, demographic data related to the type of respondents’ household were collected. The results showed that social support and type of household significantly related to life meaningfulness, and direction of the relationships suggested that social relationships were important source of life meaningfulness. On the other hand, religiosity did not show clear relations with meaningfulness, because extrinsic religiosity had only weak negative relationship with meaningfulness and intrinsic religiosity and religious salience did not correlate with meaningfulness. Analysis of moderation effect of gender and type of household on the relationship between life meaningfulness and religiosity showed that intrinsic religiosity had positive relationship only in males and this relationship is higher if respondent lived in the household with relatives.
SK
Štúdia sa zameriava na sociálne a religiózne koreláty zmysluplnosti života u ľudí v staršom veku. 180 respondentom vo veku od 65 do 75 rokov boli administrované Škála životnej zmysluplnosti, Dotazník sociálnej opory MOS, Švédska škála náboženskej orientácie a Škála náboženskej významnosti. Okrem toho boli zisťované demografické údaje o type domácnosti, v ktorej respondenti žijú. Výsledky ukázali, že sociálna opora aj typ domácnosti významne súvisia so životnou zmysluplnosťou, pričom smer vzťahu naznačuje, že sociálne vzťahy sú dôležitým zdrojom životnej zmysluplnosti. Na druhej strane, pri religiozite sa neukázali jednoznačné vzťahy, vonkajšková religiozita korelovala so zmysluplnosťou slabo negatívne, zvnútornená religiozita a významnosť religiozity so zmysluplnosťou nekorelovali vôbec. Analýza moderačného efektu rodu a typu domácnosti na vzťah medzi životnou zmysluplnosťou a religiozitou ukázala, že zvnútornená religiozita pozitívne súvisí so zmysluplnosťou iba u mužov, a tento vzťah je intenzívnejší keď muž býva v domácnosti s príbuznými.
Introduction: Family is the basic institution providing informal care to elderly and disabled individuals. Purpose: To present care situations encountered by persons providing home care to an elder, the caregivers’ needs for support and the factors determining their satisfaction with the care they provide. Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the Geriatric Ward of the Hospital of the Ministry of Interior in Bialystok among 105 home caregivers of the elderly. A diagnostics survey was based on an original survey questionnaire and the COPE Index. Functional capacity in the elderly (N=100) was determined based on the Barthel ADL (activities' in daily living) Index and the category of nursing care (category, I-III). The analysis covered also the pressure sore risk assessment (the Norton Scale). Results: The analysis based on the Barthel ADL Index showed that over 30.0% of the elderly individuals were given up to 40 points in the nursing assessment (seriously disabled). Almost all patients – 97.0% qualified to the 3rd category of nursing care. 64.0% of the elderly had an increased risk of pressure sore development (the Norton Scale). The problems connected with providing home care listed by caregivers included the lack of time, disability of the elder and locomotion difficulties. The analysis based on the Cope Index showed a positive relationship between the caregiver’s age (r=0.216), education (r=0.196), the distance from the elder’s home (r=0.216), the quality of received support (r=0.554), and the satisfaction in the care provided. Conclusions: Caregivers reported the need for different forms of support. Higher education, longer distance from home and the quality of received support were significantly associated with higher satisfaction with caregiving.
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between temperament and social support and the level of quantitatively rated PTSD symptoms in a sample of HIV+ and HIV/AIDS men and women. A total of 310 men and women, including 182 HIV+ and 128 HIV/AIDS, were studied. Social support was assessed with the Berlin Social Support Scales (BSSS). Temperament was assessed with the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour – Temperament Inventory (FCBTI). Intensity of PTSD symptoms was assessed with the PTSDF (PTSD Factorial Version inventory). The best predictors of intensity of PTSD symptoms in HIV+ participants were support seeking and sensory sensitivity. Support seeking was positively associated, and sensory sensitivity was negatively associated with intensity of PTSD symptoms.
Social support is considered as a special kind of assistance and relationship between the giver and the receiver thereof. It exists under certain social circumstances which foster the assisted person’s development. The potential informal support networks include family which, in conditions of coping with a child’s disability, assumes superior significance in everyday care, but also in the processes of raising, treatment, rehabilitation, or education. In this paper, I have focused on the difficulties experienced by disabled children and their parents, as well as on the support provided to them by the elderly members of their families whom I consider to be a significant human resource in family support networks for difficult situations.
Purpose: To examine the impacts of burnout that has in health-related quality of life (QOL) in nursing staff in Greece. The association of social support with burnout and QOL is also investigated. Materials and methods: Individuals working in Mental and General Hospitals in the broader area of Athens participated in this study (N.139). The measurement tools include a) the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), b) the SF-36 Health Survey and c. the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Burnout and QOL are expected to be related to the evaluation of social environment. Results: The results indicated the impacts that burnout has on quality of life and the positive effect of social support for nursing professionals in the levels of burnout. Conclusions: There is an association between burnout, quality of life and social support. Social support and socio-demographic factors appear to affect the levels of burnout to Psychiatric and General Hospital.
For the participants of the mission to return home and normal life can be difficult. For this reason, you should emphasize the importance of this aspect of the personal and social support soldiers returning from missions outside the country. First one is focused on whether and who helps in overcoming current problems and meet the needs. In contrast, the present aspect of social support focuses around investigate this, we need people who are disadvantaged are being met and what kind of help they can get. It is highly important psychological and psychiatric assistance granted to the participants of the mission. It is worth noting that the proportion of soldiers participating in missions benefit from this kind of aid and how this aid is assessed. Unfortunately, people who benefit from psychological or psychiatric help are sometimes exposed to stigmatization because of this. To change the misconceptions and stereotypes related to the assistance provided by psychologists and psychiatrists, first you have to know the reasons for this phenomenon. Lots of information on the highlighted topics provide results of social research carried out by the Military Office of Social Research, which is part of the Military Centre for Civic Education. These will be presented in this article.
The aim of our study is to determine the importance of various aspects of delivery and post-natal care for women in the third trimester of pregnancy, and the analysis of relationship of these aspects to selected personal variables also in the context of the relationship with the yet unborn child. In this exploratory study, 94 pregnant respondents participated, including 72% of primiparous and 28% of multiparous women. The participants completed the MFAS questionnaire and a survey in the form of closed questions. The results show that women preparing for childbirth considered as very important medical standards included in the Regulation of the Minister of Health: freedom and the opportunity to decide on issues related to birth and care of a newborn child, as well as care and support from professionals and the loved ones; however, only a third of respondents prepared or are planning to prepare a birth plan. Primiparas, despite a lower sense of preparation for childbirth as compared with multiparas, valued more the availability of natural than pharmacological measures to reduce the pain, and hoped to receive staff’s help at the first stages of child care, which shows the need for post-natal care and support of women, especially those who gave birth to their first child/children. The multiparas found the first breastfeeding immediately after birth as more important than the primiparas. Our results indicate the importance of treating problems with conceiving for the strength of the bond with the unborn child, and show that significant factors for the strength of bond with the unborn child is a longer contact time with the baby immediately after birth and importance attributed to the access to education and counseling.
The aim of the study was to examine the effects of emotional reactivity and support from different sources for the well-being of teenagers on different stages of development. Data on emotional reactivity, perceived social support from different sources and subjective well-being (SWB) was gathered from 180 younger and 135 older adolescents. Regression analyses included emotional reactivity and social support from different sources as predictors of SWB (positive affect, negative affect and life satisfaction). Analyses showed that emotional reactivity predicted all components of SWB. Support was a signifi cant predictor for positive affect and satisfaction, but its specifi c functions depended on age group and its analyzed source. Interaction effects of support with emotional reactivity were signifi cant only among older adolescents - positive affect depended on interaction between emotional reactivity and support from friends, life satisfaction depended on interplay between emotional reactivity and support from teachers.
The paper presents the consequences of unintended childlessness, which can concern both men and women, as well as the partnership. The primary and secondary network of social support has been discussed and its importance in the diagnosis andtreatment of fertility problems. Amongmany benefits arising from the support ofchildless partners, the improvement of their quality of life is emphasized as well as making the communication in patient - medical personnel relationships better, increasing the chance of having the child and reduction of the time to get pregnant. Social support was emphasized to be particularly needed by partners at the stage oftaking decision to start treatment, subsequent stages of treatment and change of methods (procedures),termination of treatment (taking into account its effect), and adoption. Later the paper presents global and European initiatives to improve the quality of life of infertile couples, including the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) to all infertility treatment centers, objectives and tasks of the annual celebration of WorldFam, Fertility Awareness Month and proposals for new developments of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). Basing on existing literature the evaluation of implementation of these recommendations and proposals in selected countries have been discussed. The problem of provision of support to infertile couples in the Polish reality, including in the region of Lublin, has been also presented.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono konsekwencje niezamierzonej bezdzietności, które mogą dotyczyć zarówno kobiet, mężczyzn, jak i związku partnerskiego. Omówiono pierwotną i wtórną sieć wsparcia społecznego oraz jego znaczenie w procesie diagnozowania i leczenia zaburzeń płodności. Wśród wielu korzyści, wynikających zewsparcia bezdzietnych partnerów, wskazano na poprawę jakości ich życia, ułatwienie komunikacji w relacjach pacjent - personel medyczny, zwiększenie szansy na dziecko oraz skrócenie czasu do uzyskania ciąży. Podkreślono, iż wsparcie społeczne jest szczególnie potrzebne partnerom na etapie podejmowania decyzji o rozpoczęciu leczenia, kolejnych etapach leczenia i zmianie metody (procedury), zakończeniu leczenia (z uwzględnieniem jego efektu) oraz adopcji. W dalszej części pracy przedstawiono światowe i europejskie inicjatywy narzecz poprawy jakości życia par niepłodnych, w tym zalecenia Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia (WHO, World Health Organization) dla wszystkich ośrodków leczenia niepłodności, cele i zadania corocznych obchodów Światowego Miesiąca Wiedzy o Płodności (WorldFam, Fertility Awareness Month) oraz propozycje nowych rozwiązań Europejskiego Towarzystwa Reprodukcji Człowieka i Embriologii (ESHRE, European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology). Na podstawie przeglądu aktualnego piśmiennictwa dokonano oceny realizacji tych zaleceń i propozycji wwybranych krajach. Przedstawiono problem świadczenia wsparcia wobec par niepłodnych w realiach polskich, w tym w województwie lubelskim.
Introduction: In the literature on the problem of social support, besides family sources of support, (husband, wife, children, parents, siblings, relatives), a role of friends, acquaintances and neighbors is emphasized. Purpose: To assess types and level of support that parents receive from specific social groups. Materials and methods: The study included 108 mothers and 108 fathers of intellectually disabled children. We used the original questionnaire and the standardized scale of Social Support by KmiecikBaran. Results: There were differences between the parents in emotional support (standard deviation 3.519), the lowest in informative support (deviation 2.744). General support was poor in the opinion of 34.6% of the parents. Average institutional support related to 42.9% of the parents, strong evaluative support – 37.1% and strong emotional support – 41%. The parents received the strongest informative, institutional, evaluative and emotional support from nurses and physicians. Spouses of the examined gave them poor informative, emotional and institutional support and average evaluative support. Statistically, the fathers received significantly stronger evaluative and emotional support – by more than one point, and by more than 3 points in case of general support than mothers. Conclusions: The parents received average social support, however, it was below the average for the Polish adult population. The spouses gave them poor informative, emotional and institutional support and average evaluative support; teachers, physicians and nurses – average support in all categories, however, in case of the two latter – institutional and evaluative support was close to the above-average values. The fathers enjoyed moderately stronger evaluative, emotional and general support from teachers, physicians and nurses than mothers.
Ewa Piechurska-KucielInstitute of EnglishOpole University Abstract In adolescents the main groups of social support are their family, peers and teachers with whom they interact most frequently. They play a buffering role between stress and psychological well-being by helping to cope with adverse challenges, and by providing social integration. Consequently, it is believed that in the situation of stress caused by the necessity to learn a foreign language (FL) as a compulsory subject, social support can be viewed as an important factor that may positively influence learners’ academic achievement, exposing the role of the perceived availability of significant others’ help in achieving FL success. To date, in spite of the call for research on the general functioning of the language learner as a member of the society, the study on the role of social support in the process of foreign language learning is still scarce. The existing research has tough proved that perceived social support significantly predicts resilience in foreign language learning. The feelings of closeness and support the learners receive from the support network protect them from stressors, and they validate the feelings of self-esteem, competence, and personal control in the face of stressful situations. The three main support groups (parents, teachers and peers) help learners develop their social competence, problem-solving skills, autonomy, and sense of purpose. Keywords: social support, parental support, teacher support, peer support
The participation of soldiers in combat missions is one of the tasks that requires not only physical– but because of stressors – also psychological preparation. Participation in warfare involvesexposure to physical, cognitive, emotional and social inconvenience and is considered an important risk factor for the psychological disturbances. However, the literature on the subject also indicates the positive effects of confrontation with the stressors (e.g. postraumatic growth). The aim of the study was to determine whether the intensity of combat exposure and social support are related to both the negative and the positive psychological consequences of participating in warfare. The study, conducted by soldiers participating in the Afghan war, showed no connection between the intensity of combat experience and the well-being of soldiers. Not informing the family about difficulties experienced by soldiers was related to a greater number of psychological disturbances. Moreover, it turned out that not received social support, but the soldier’sconviction about the possibility of receiving this form of help, together with refraining from sharing their difficulties with family members, contributed to positive psychological changes.The results demonstrated that the psychological effect of participating in a military mission is not so much dependent on the intensity of the combat experience, as from the soldier’s conviction that social support is available from non-family member.
Social support concerns aiding people at various stages of their life. It is a key concept with respect to social work, pedagogy, social psychology, education and health care. Social assistance supports people and their families in their efforts to satisfy the above needs and enables them to live with dignity. In Poland, social assistance is implemented in situations that require such support, such as having own homes, providing health and well-being including food, clothing and medical care. Social work can be carried out in the area of social services, implementation of programs at the national level in collaboration with various institutions. The article author provides social support through: emotional support, informational support, instrumental, financial and spiritual support.
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