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EN
In a unionized Cournot duopoly with decentralized, firm-level bargaining, this note re-examines the endogenous equilibrium agendas (wage vs. efficient bargaining) that can arise under three different specifications of the timing of negotiations and the impact of the outcome of the bargaining process on social welfare. Given that explicit conflict of interest among the bargaining parties can arise in every timing specification, this note proposes, analyzes, and discusses some guiding principles for governments and public authorities interested in pursuing social welfare improvements.
EN
On the basis of opinions provided by social workers the authoress presents absurdities regarding social welfare perceived by specialists in their everyday professional practice. The authoress confronts the image of the social worker profession that emerges from the Act on Social Assistance with the literature on the subject and practitioners’ experience, which involves performing numerous tasks, accommodating many contrary duties and overcoming many difficulties in the daily practice that result from legally and institutionally imposed procedures. The authoress selects five absurdities concerning the areas of assistance in social work as provided by the specialists: statutory overload of tasks and functions of the social worker profession; creation of internal barriers in social welfare institutions; lack of health care and no protection of social workers’ lives; overload of excessive social expectations; and passing the limits of one’s own professional competencies.
EN
For many countries the Industrial Revolution was an opportunity for a dynamic economic development, but it was accompanied by deep social changes. Inequalities between regions have deepened, pollution has increased and also conjunctural fluctuations have intensified. In contemporary view at the social welfare there is a tendency to abandon identifying it with the level of income. Also, the research on the causes of socio-economic success is developing. One of the aspects of the research, which the article refers to, is the role of the institutions (within the meaning of institutional economics) in the socio-economic development. The aim of the paper is to examine the relationship between indicators of institutional environment and indices related to socio-economic development. For the analysis of the institutional environment the indices published by the World Bank under the name of Worldwide Governance Indicators were used. The analysis of socio-economic level of the countries is based on Sustainable Society Index and its components, which include a wide range of factors related to well-being. The analysis was conducted in two stages. The first stage is a general study of the correlation between WGI and SSI for 151 countries from different continents. The second stage includes a more detailed analysis conducted for the European Union, using the cluster method and the analysis of the level of indicators in groups of countries. The study is based on the data from 2010.
EN
Introduction. At present, there is only one social welfare home (DPS) in Poland for alcohol addicts, and two units of this type have wards specializing in alcohol addiction, so few have a chance to stay in a DPS. Alcohol addicted residents of DPS often have had many unsuccessful attempts to take addiction therapy, so the likelihood that another stay in a specialized center will bring a permanent change in stopping alcohol consumption is low. The purpose of the article is to popularise knowledge among social welfare homes workers about the programs of reducing alcohol consumption and reducing the caused damage. Method. In order to provide knowledge about these programs, the traditional goal of addiction therapy and prevention, which is to achieve long-term abstinence, has been compared with damage reduction and alcohol consumption programs. Results. Although employees of social welfare homes are already implementing elements of the damage reduction program, for example by skipping the administration of drugs to drunk residents or looking after the health status of alcohol intoxicated residents, there is still a lack of systematic actions aimed at the full implementation of programs to reduce drinking and health and social damage caused by alcohol problems in DPS. Conclusions. An alternative to the limited number of places for addicted residents of social welfare homes in specialized types of centers may be the implementation of programs to reduce alcohol consumption and reduction of alcohol-related damage in various types of social welfare homes throughout the country. Their implementation may also increase the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions against alcohol addicted residents of DPS.
EN
Introduction: Polish society is ageing, which means that the population of the elderly represents, and will continue to represent, an increasing proportion of the population. This situation implies a number of consequences and problems that need to be solved. This paper discusses one of the important issues related to an ageing Polish society, which is social work with elderly women and men. Method: The article is based on qualitative research (structured in-depth interview) conducted in 2011 among employees of social welfare centers (social workers and psychologists) in Podlaskie Voivodship. The study covered all the social welfare centers in the voivodship. As many as 145 interviews were conducted – 133 with social workers and 12 with psychologists. Results and conclusions: This paper discusses the similarities and differences in working with elderly women and men, illustrated with the statements of social welfare employees. Respondents indicated that working with seniors is more difficult than with young people as it requires more time and patience. However, there are also many advantages of this kind of contact, such as seniors’ gratitude and their cultured approach to social workers. Seniors’ gender also matters. Men are less likely to report to the centers, but if they decide to take such a step, they work harder than women and do not withdraw from the activity. In the summary of the paper, there are directions for future activities in the field of social work with the elderly.
EN
The Catholic Social School of Poznań was one of the leading Polish didactic centers for social services in the interwar period. In the years 1927–1939 it conducted courses for and educated the staff of care and social institutions, especially those related to the Catholic Church. The priority of the school’s activity was to organize, since the establishment of the institution in 1927, a two-year social work training course, later functioning under the name of the Higher Catholic Social College. In June 1937, the school obtained the state rights of the university and the name of the Higher Catholic Social College. The purpose of the article is to show selected aspects of the institution’s functioning, related to its establishment and educational and education activities until 1939. For this purpose, the preserved source materials in the form of archives, articles published in the magazines of the Second Republic of Poland were analyzed, and few studies developed after 1945 were referred to.
EN
If they suffer privation, which means that they are unable to meet their basic needs on their own, parents are entitled to claim maintenance from their children. On the other hand, the difficult life situation caused by privation, linked with lack of self-sufficiency, is one of the reasons to claim social welfare benefits. Therefore, the same circumstances constitute the basis for financial support from both the family and the public social system. Because the laws do not explicitly define the order in which maintenance ought to be paid, this study attempts to establish the relation between the family’s and the State’s financial obligations. Based on the legal-dogmatic and analytical methods, this article presents: the essence of the right to maintenance and its forms in the Polish Social Welfare Act, the duties of the administrative bodies in bringing actions for maintenance, the consequences of failure in fulfilling maintenance obligations and of unjustified relinquishment of maintenance claims from family members. In the conclusion, the authors stress the primacy of family obligations over the State’s ones, and formulate recommendations for social welfare authorities as regards enforcing the fulfilment of family financial obligations.
EN
As available research shows, the preparation of social workers for cooperation with local authorities and social policy entities on the micro-level is certainly minute. The ascertained image of social services has prompted a search for inter-organizational factors which may shape the quality of support provided and contribute to the creation of a support culture within local communities. The objective of the analysis – performed in a piecemeal manner – was to describe the relation between the types of organizational culture in social welfare institutions and the ways social workers carried out their tasks.
EN
The reflection on the idea of empowerment has been strongly emphasized in numerous theoretical studies in recent years. There are numerous values of this concept, however difficulties arise with the moment of transition it from the theoretical to the practical perspective. There are many situations where the subjective approach penetrates with the no subjective one. The purpose of this article is to explore the (non)subjective support relationship in social work (among clients, families and social workers) as a not obvious, barrier-restricted and not always able to use in practice. The analysis of the issue was conducted in the context of different conditions, e.g. functioning of social welfare clients, the work of professionals and the social welfare system, and the impact of these factors on the way how the helping relationship was created. The answer to the question if the helping relationship in social work can become subjective is not easy at the moment. As the authors emphasized in the final conclusions, the subjectivity in the helping process has the opportunity to appear in the strengths-based social work practice, especially in empowerment approach, Solution Focused Approach, Family Conference Group, Video Interaction Training or Motivational Interviewing. The article also presents the possibilities and dilemmas of applying these approaches in the practice of social work.
EN
Rankings of income distributions are usually based on comparisons of social welfare. Assuming more or less general form of a social welfare function we can compare income distributions in time and in space. Income inequality can be compared by means of the well known Lorenz curve but the results will be ambiguous when the Lorenz functions of the considered populations intersect. Generalized Lorenz curves and quantile functions are more useful tools for ranking income distributions but in many situations it is necessary to make additional assumptions concerning social preferences reflected in a social welfare function. In the paper we present the methods useful for ranking income distributions and their application to the analysis of wage distributions in Poland. As a theoretical distribution the Dagum type-I model has been used.
PL
Porównywanie rozkładów dochodów może być przeprowadzane na podstawie różnych kryteriów. Jedną z metod jest zastosowanie współczynników dystansu ekonomicznego Porównując rozkłady dochodów z punktu widzenia zamożności rozważanych populacji, bierzemy pod uwagę dwa aspekty tego zagadnienia - różnice w średnich poziomach dochodów oraz różnice w ich nierównomierności. Porównywanie nierównomierności może się odbywać za pomocą krzywych Lorenza - wyniki będą jednak niejednoznaczne, np. gdy funkcje Lorenza przecinają się Bardziej uniwersalnym narzędziem do rangowania rozkładów dochodów są uogólnione funkcji Lorenza oraz funkcje kwantylowe. Wymagają one jednak przyjęcia pewnych dodatkowych założeń dotyczących funkcji dobrobytu, która jest wyrazem preferencji społecznych. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki zastosowania powyższych metod dla rozkładów płac w Polsce. Jako rozkład teoretyczny wykorzystany został rozkład Daguma pierwszego typu.
EN
This paper presents selected historical aspects of the German social work and social welfare tradition. It shows their development from the Middle Ages to the 1990s. The changing shape of pro-poor assistance is outlined, associated with transforming attitudes towards the poor as well as the growing role of cities as economic and administrative centres. The article shows the beginnings of systematic care for the poor and the accompanying processes: rationalisation, communalisation, and pedagogisation of the system of helping the poor. The period of industrialisation and accompanying pauperisation which influenced the search for adequate forms of solving social problems and the creation of the social work profession has been described. The article also refers to the changes in welfare implemented after 1933.It also reveals the main developments in German social work that have emerged in its theory and practice since the 1990s.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane historyczne aspekty niemieckiej tradycji pracy socjalnej oraz pomocy społecznej. Ukazano ich rozwój, począwszy od średniowiecza, do lat 90. XX wieku. Naszkicowano zmianę formy pomocy ubogim, która związana była z przekształcaniem się nastawienia wobec osób ubogich, jak i rosnącą rolą miast jako ośrodków gospodarczo-administracyjnych. W artykule pokazane są początki systematycznej opieki nad osobami ubogimi i towarzyszące im procesy: racjonalizacja, komunalizacja, pedagogizacja systemu pomocy ubogim. Wskazano na okres industrializacji i pauperyzację, które wpłynęły na poszukiwanie adekwatnych form rozwiązania problemów społecznych i tworzenie się zawodu pracownika socjalnego. Nakreślono zmiany w opiece społecznej realizowanej po 1933 r. Artykuł ukazuje również główne kierunki rozwoju niemieckiej pracy socjalnej, które pojawiały się w jej teorii i praktyce od lat 90. XX wieku.
EN
The subject of the discussion in the article is evaluate of issue whether social security in its activities is effective and how it affects the social security of citizens. In order to introduce, defined concepts such as organization. Also presented in the table form features of nonprofit organization, which are social welfare institutions. In addition, briefly presented the concept of efficiency and described how is possible to explore the effectiveness of social security, by putting it in five dimensions. For the purpose of this article, to evaluate the effectiveness of social security, analyzed the Social Security Act. A brief analysis will illustrate the problem of social security effectiveness and social security of citizens.
EN
The paper is devoted to reflections on the functioning of social welfare in the restored structures of local government in last twenty-five years. Firstly, it generally shows the importance of decentralization processes in contemporary social welfare. Then it briefly presents the experiences of Polish municipal social welfare, on the basis of the Social Welfare Act adopted in 1923. Next, it presents the key role of the Social Assistance Act of 29 November 1990, the effects of the administrative reform implemented on 1 January 1999 and the current challenges facing municipal social welfare.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest refleksji nad dwudziestopięcioleciem funkcjonowania pomocy społecznej w strukturach odrodzonego samorządu gminnego. Najpierw ogólnie zostało ukazane znaczenie procesów decentralizacji we współczesnej pomocy społecznej. Następnie przedstawiono pokrótce polskie doświadczenia gminnej pomocy społecznej, sięgające uchwalonej w 1923 roku ustawy o opiece społecznej. W dalszej kolejności zaprezentowana została kluczowa rola ustawy o pomocy społecznej z 29 listopada 1990 roku, skutki reformy administracyjnej wdrożonej 1 stycznia 1999 roku oraz aktualne wyzwania stojące przed gminną pomocą społeczną.
EN
The ageing of Polish population poses a challenge to the society resulting in the necessity to meet the needs of the increasing number of the elderly. Despite the progress of civilization (i.a. in medical technology), not every elderly person will be in good health and maintain their ability to care for themselves until their last days. In the event of some kinds of risks, i.a. social or health, some seniors will be able to count on their families’ support, whereas the number of seniors who are dependable on social welfare institutions will continue to increase, according to the latest demographic and economic forecasts. The aim of this article is to present the challenges the social welfare system has to face as a result of the ageing population. In particular, the coverage, forms and kinds of benefits the elderly receive from the social welfare, and what main limits and barriers they have to overcome to receive them. The presented data suggests that the government will experience difficulties with meeting the demands for care services, especially long-term ones, due to the lack of resources, including human and financial ones. In addition, the policy agenda does not show any form of pressure on this area of public policy. 
PL
Starzenie się populacji Polski stawia przed społeczeństwem wyzwania związane z koniecznością zabezpieczenia zróżnicowanych potrzeb rosnącej grupy osób starszych. Pomimo postępu cywilizacyjnego (m.in. w zakresie technologii medycznych) nie każda osoba starsza będzie się cieszyła dobrym zdrowiem i zachowa zdolność do samoopieki do ostatnich dni życia. Część seniorów będzie mogła w przypadku wystąpienia różnego typu ryzyka, m.in. socjalnego lub zdrowotnego, liczyć na wsparcie ze strony rodziny. Natomiast według prognoz demograficznych i ekonomicznych zwiększać się będzie liczba seniorów, których zabezpieczenie potrzeb będzie uzależnione od wsparcia ze strony sektora pomocy społecznej. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie, przed jakimi wyzwaniami staje sektor pomocy społecznej w związku z procesem starzenia się populacji. W szczególności, jakie są zakres, formy i rodzaje świadczeń z pomocy społecznej dla osób starszych oraz jakie są główne ograniczenia i bariery w ich realizacji. Zaprezentowane dane wskazują, że rządzącym w Polsce trudno będzie w najbliższym czasie sprostać zapotrzebowaniu na usługi opiekuńcze, szczególnie w wymiarze długoterminowym z uwagi na niedostatek zasobów, w tym ludzkich, finansowych itp. Dodatkowo w agendzie politycznej nie widać nacisku na tę sferę polityki publicznej.
EN
Society qualitatively participates in the implementation of corresponding tasks only when it is informed. An analysis of the National Strategy for Sustainable Development of Lithuania expresses concern regarding shortage of information: information receivers are scantily informed, whilst information providers themselves are scantily informed about actual information needs. In Lithuania, informing of society is carried out in both centralised and decentralised ways, when the state makes certain commitments regarding informing of residents because this information enhances attention to educational institutions, including pre-school educational institutions (as a link of education, social support, support to the family and the child), and encourages the interest of interested groups in the quality of children's education. Seeking to ensure sustainable development, in the name of possibilities of more extensive participation of society in pre-school education management processes, freedom in decision-making, and in the name of the formation of society consisting of active and responsible citizens, it is necessary to analyse the experiences of informing the society. Therefore, the research is orientated towards generalisation of the experiences of informing the society in the European Union countries in the context of sustainable development.
16
88%
EN
The article is devoted to the problem of social services quality analysis in urban areas, as an important factor of sustainable development of the urban environment. The social sphere is the basis for effective human life, the lack of attention to social problems in the formation of strategic priorities of urbanized territories development can lead to poor health, increased losses of working time and reduce the competitiveness of regions in the inter-regional mobility of labour. During the study the factors of formation of favourable social sphere of the city are examined, the approaches to their analysis and evaluation are distinguished, and they are determined by the degree of their influence on sustainable development of urban territories. As results of the research in this paper, there are a system of indicators of social tension, taking into account the experience of an estimation of social welfare of the school of the University of Cambridge, and reflecting the attitude of the population to their needs and existing social institutions, as well as recommendations on the determination of threshold values of the respective indicators. The proposed system of indicators allows to analyse social efficiency and to make an objective choice of directions and projects of city territories development, taking into account their social significance.
EN
The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the significance of the activity run by philanthropic organizations in Poland for the benefit of society and the economy in the light of the social welfare of governmental organizations. Verification of hypotheses was conducted using different research methods: regression analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, trend analysis, and comparative analysis. The results did not demonstrate a significant relationship between local governments’ expenditures on grants for philanthropic organizations fulfilling tasks on social welfare and local GDP. Despite the fact that the level of expenditure of public entities on social welfare goes up with the growth of the number of PBOs, as do their costs and revenues, the figures do not depend on each other.
Ekonomista
|
2016
|
issue 2
161-179
PL
Artykuł jest głosem w dyskusji na temat wpływu nierówności ekonomicznych na rozwój gospodarczy i dobrobyt społeczny. Rosnące nierówności w podziale dochodów i majątków osiągnęły bowiem w wielu krajach, w tym należących do najbardziej rozwiniętych, poziom trudny do wyjaśnienia za pomocą tradycyjnych koncepcji ekonomii, jak również do zaakceptowania z aksjologicznego punktu widzenia. Autor uważa, że neutralne stanowisko głównego nurtu ekonomii w kwestii nierówności podziału budzi coraz większe wątpliwości zarówno na gruncie ekonomii normatywnej, jak i ekonomii pozytywnej (deskryptywnej). Z normatywnego punktu widzenia, kwestia nierówności staje się jedną z płaszczyzn szerszego sporu o postawy i zachowania ekonomiczne ludzi; brak umiaru, odpowiedzialności i nieprzestrzeganie norm etycznych w pogoni za pieniądzem i bogactwem destabilizuje gospodarkę, co potwierdzają analizy przyczyn niedawnego globalnego kryzysu fi nansowo- -gospodarczego. Na płaszczyźnie deskryptywnej i eksplikacyjnej, analiza wyników badań empirycznych wskazuje na zagrożenia dla wzrostu gospodarczego, dobrobytu społecznego oraz trwałego i zrównoważonego rozwoju, jakie niesie ze sobą postępujący proces polaryzacji i koncentracji dochodów i bogactwa.
EN
This is a contribution to the discussion about the impact of economic inequalities on economic development and social well-being. The rising inequalities in income and wealth distribution, seen in many countries including the most developed ones, have reached a level, which can hardly be explained by traditional economic concepts and which cannot be accepted from the axiological point of view. The author maintains that the neutral position taken on this issue by the mainstream economics raises more and more doubts both on the normative and positive (descriptive) plane in economic reasoning. From the normative standpoint, inequality becomes an important issue involved in the dispute about economic behavior; the lack of moderation, irresponsibility and the ignorance of ethical norms in pursuit of money and wealth tends to destabilize the economy – a tendency evidenced by many analyses of the causes of the recent global fi nancial and economic crisis. On the descriptive and explanatory plane, the results of empirical research point to manifold threats to economic growth, social well-being and sustainable development linked to the proceeding process of polarization and concentration of income and wealth.
RU
Настоящая статья это голос в дискуссии о влиянии экономического неравенства на эко- номическое развитие и социальное благосостояние. Растущее неравенство в распределе- нии доходов и материальных благ, имеющее место во многих, в т.ч. наиболее развитых странах, достигло такого уровня, который трудно объяснить с помощью традиционных концепций экономической науки и с которым трудно смириться с аксиологической точки зрения. Автор считает, что нейтральная позиция главного течения экономики в вопросе неравенства распределения вызывает растущее неприятие со стороны как нормативной, так и позитивной (дескриптивной ) экономики. С нормативной точки зрения вопрос не- равенства становится одной из ветвей более широкой дискуссии о позиции и поведении людей; отсутствие меры, ответственности и несоблюдение этических норм в погони за деньгами и богатством дестабилизирует экономику, что подтверждают анализы причин недавнего глобального финансово-экономического кризиса. Анализ результатов эмпири- ческих исследований при дескриптивном и экспликативном подходе указывает на угрозу для экономического роста, социального благополучия, а также прочного и равномерного развития со стороны прогрессирующего процесса поляризации и концентрации доходов и богатства.
Society Register
|
2019
|
vol. 3
|
issue 2
7-19
EN
The main aim of the article is to outline welfare sociology as a potential sub-discipline of sociology and to discuss the issues of broadly defined social welfare. While in contemporary social sciences the literature concerning welfare often focuses on themes such as happiness (psychology), prosperity (economics), or quality of life (sociology), these themes may be considered too narrow and do not reflect the complexity of the issue. However, if one considers the definition of social welfare through the prism of material and non-material needs, as well as the needs expressed individually and collectively, it is possible to attempt a comprehensive study of this phenomenon. The author uses the definition of social welfare to look at research on (a) welfare state regimes, (b) welfare attitudes and (c) issues of work in contemporary capitalism, all to enable the application of research results within the analysis of the title concept.
EN
Aware of the challenges faced by the social sciences in publishing a massive volume of research papers, it is worth looking at a novel but no longer so new ways of machine learning for the purposes of literature review. To this end, I explore a probabilistic topic model called Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) in the context of the epistemological challenge of analysing texts on social welfare. This paper aims to describe how the LDA algorithm works for large corpora of data, along with its advantages and disadvantages. This preliminary characterisation of an inductive method for automated text analysis is intended to give a brief overview of how LDA can be used in the social sciences.
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