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EN
Socialist market economy or more broadly China’s road to socialism is a subject of controversy not only in China itself, but also in the international community. This issue is very complex on many levels. From the very beginning of the formation of the CPC it had to pursue different goals and face completely different challenges than its European counterparts. Due to its cultural and civilization distinctiveness, China had to choose its own path to socialism and its construction. During the times of Deng Xiaoping the Chinese economy opened to the influence of foreign capital, which allowed, on the one hand, to significantly accelerate China’s economic development and raise its position in the international arena, and on the other hand, it was the cause of much controversy.
Nowa Krytyka
|
2015
|
issue 34
177-207
EN
The collapse of „"real socialism”" in b. The USSR and European countries in the 90s of the twentieth century strengthened the counter-revolution, global capitalism and imperialism. Capitalism has entered the era of globalization and subsequent crises that overcomes in Europe through integration, while globally by a new wars. The contradictions of the capitalist, big unemployment, crises, wars and class antagonisms between the bourgeoisie (oligarchy) and the proletariat (prekariatem), the imperialist states and the countries of the so-called. 3rd world contribute to the growth of anti-capitalist forces, including the international communist movement and the search for a new intake of scientific socialism -– suitable for the conditions of the knowledge society, globalization and the contradictions of the 21st century. In China and Cuba created new theories which Marxism matched to local conditions for growth. In the international communist movement takes place a multilateral discussion on contemporary Marxism and socialism of the XXI century. The basic problem is to define the main force of the revolutionary, socialist market economy, diversity and unity of the communist movement, the possibility of unity and cooperation communists, socialists and social democrats.
EN
The article: The economic aspect of the superpower status of the People’s Republic of China, including its transformation process focuses on the key events in Chinese economic modern history that led it to become superpower in its region and worldwide. The world order prevailing for several centuries was based on the domination of the European civilization. Nowadays, we have the opportunity to observe the birth of a new order based on the dominance of Asian civilization, in which China has a leadership position. That superpower has the greatest impact in the Asia-Pacific region. This is due to the unique features of Chinese civilization, as well as the success of the economic transformation that has been going on for almost 40 years, which can set an example for developing countries. The Chinese way to economic success is unique on a global scale. In addition to centrally planned and free market systems, there are also so-called hybrids that combine features from both systems. In the case of the People’s Republic of China, this system is defined as a socialist market economy. Under this system, state ownership still dominates, but state-owned enterprises have relative independence in operational planning. There are also companies with mixed capital and entirely based on foreign capital and the private sector is playing an increasing role. It is worth paying attention to how China created its own system, because the way it did is completely different than in the West.
RU
Статья Экономический аспект статуса сверхдержавы Китайской Народной Республики с учётом её процесса трансформации фокусируется на ключевых событиях в современной китайской экономической истории, которые привели к тому, что Китай стал сверхдержавой в своем регионе и во всем мире. Мировой порядок, господствующий на протяжении нескольких веков, основывался на господстве стран европейской цивилизации. Сейчас у нас есть возможность наблюдать за рождением нового порядка, основанном на доминировании азиатской цивилизации, в которой Китай занимает лидирующие позиции. Наибольшее влияние эта сверхдержава оказывает в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе. Это связано с уникальными особенностями китайской цивилизации, а также с успехом экономических преобразований, которые продолжаются почти 40 лет, что может служить примером для развивающихся стран. Китайский путь к успеху в экономике уникален в мировом масштабе. Помимо систем централизованного планирования и свободного рынка существуют также так называемые гибриды, которые сочетают функции обеих систем. В случае с Китайской Народной Республикой эта система получила название социалистической рыночной экономики. В пределах этой системы господствует государственная собственность, но государственные предприятия имеют относительную независимость в оперативном планировании. Существуют также компании со смешанным капиталом или полностью основанные на иностранном капитале, при чем частный сектор начинает играть все большую роль. Особое внимание стоит обратить на то, каким образом Китай создал свою собственную систему, т.к. это полностью отличается от того, каким образом это происходило на Западе.
PL
Chiny w poprzednich 10 latach osiągnęły wielki rozwój ekonomiczny, mierzony wielkością PKB, w 2002 r. 1 237 mld dol. amerykańskich, w 2011 r. 8 251 mld dol. Plany na następne 10 lat, mimo światowego kryzysu gospodarczego, przewidują jego podwojenie. KPCh poświęca wiele uwagi zwalczaniu korupcji kryminalnej i politycznej, w szczególności w 2012 r. głośna była sprawa Bo Xilaia – byłego członka KC i Biura Politycznego KPCh. Współczesna globalizacja otwiera nowe możliwości zwiększenia roli Chin w gospodarce światowej i polityce, szczególnie w Azji, gdzie znacząca jest rola ASEANU, BRICS. Artykuł przedstawia główne ekonomiczne, społeczne oraz polityczne sprzeczności Chin i możliwości ich rozwiązania w drodze reform.
EN
The meaning of the 18th Congress of the CPC for China China, over the past 10 years, has undergone a considerable economic growth, measured with GDP, in 2002 – $ 1236 bln, in 2011 – $ 8251 bln. It is assumed that, despite the world economic crisis, the growth will double in the next 10 years. CPC devotes a lot of attention to fight the criminal and political corruption – in 2012, there was a big case of Bo Xilaia – former member of Central Committee and Political Bureau of the CPC. Modern globalization offers new opportunities to increase the significance of China in the world economy and politics, especially in Asia, the role of ASEANU, BRICS. The main economic, social and political contradictions of China and the possibilities to settle them in the course of reforms.
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