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Role zahraniční migrace v měnící se sociálně prostorové diferenciaci Prahy

100%
Přidalová I., Ouředníček M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2017
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vol. 53
|
issue 5
659-692
EN
Investigating the spatial differentiation of foreign populations in cities, especially the level of ethnic segregation, has a long tradition in Western European and American social geography. Owing to increased international mobility since the 1990s, it has also become relevant for some post-socialist cities. This article examines how the growing ethnic heterogeneity of the urban population is reflected in the spatial distribution of foreign citizens in Prague, which is now a unique example of a newly multicultural post-socialist capital. The analysis uses the migration register and census data based on citizenship. The results suggest that foreign citizens are a factor in the transformation of the ethnic structure of the population especially in the inner city and the historical core. Ethnic segregation appears to be most pronounced among economically stronger and culturally distant groups, but concentrations of foreign citizens are forming on the level of localities rather than urban quarters. The article offers the first insight into the relationship between international migration and a post-socialist city, which, soon after the fall of communism, became a destination of international immigration.
2
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The Long-term Development of Socio-spatial Differentiation in Socialist and Post-socialist Prague

88%
Špačková P., Pospíšilová L., Ouředníček M.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2016
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vol. 52
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issue 6
821-860
EN
The article examines how different social and urban processes were reflected in the spatial patterns of three dimensions of population structure (demographic, socio-economic, and ethnic statuses) in Prague during the socialist and post-socialist periods. The article has three main objectives. First, it analyses inertia and change in socio-spatial patterns and evaluates the processes that have influenced them. Second, it investigates how the importance of all three statuses in the spatial differentiation of urban space has evolved. Third, the article focuses on the level of geographical variability as recorded within different spatial scales, and the development of this variability. It examines selected indicators of socio-economic, demographic, and ethnic statuses by employing detailed statistical data on the level of basic settlement units from the Population Censuses held in 1970, 1991, and 2011. The results confirm that the most significant changes in socio-spatial patterns between socialism and post-socialism can be observed for ethnic spatial differentiation. In addition, the city witnessed considerable changes in demographic spatial patterns in both periods, while socio-economic spatial patterns have remained relatively stable. New socio-spatial processes driven predominantly by movements of young and better-off populations have taken place in previously less attractive neighbourhoods. As a result, very different populations often live side-by-side in contemporary Prague.
3
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Behind the Differentiation of Suburban Development in the Hinterland of Bratislava, Slovakia

88%
Šveda M., Madajová M., Podolák P.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2016
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vol. 52
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issue 6
893-925
EN
Several tendencies seem to indicate that in the hinterland of Bratislava specific new residential zones are forming with a different socio-economic structure. This article analyses the hinterland of Bratislava from various perspectives of suburban development. The selection of variables covers the origin of in-migrants and their economic activity, education, and family status. Indicators of land use, housing construction, and property prices supplement these data. The data are processed based on a factorial ecology approach, which tries to discover the basic dimensions of the socio-spatial structure, and cluster analysis. Using these methods the authors identify similar clusters and categorise individual municipalities into relatively homogeneous units—suburban development types. The results lead to a number of very interesting findings. The same types of suburban municipalities are not arranged in concentric zones, which means that the factor of distance from the city does not play a prominent role. The prevailing factor is the sectorial structure, which reflects the different levels of attractiveness municipalities hold for different socio-economic groups of in-migrants. This article seeks to identify key factors that affect the formation of individual suburban zones and thus contributes to a better understanding of the processes that decisively shape the socio-spatial organisation of hinterlands in post-socialist cities today.
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Środowiskowe zróżnicowanie wyników kształcenia w gimnazjach i szkołach podstawowych

63%
Zabłocki G.
Przegląd Socjologiczny
|
2019
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vol. LXVIII (68)
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issue 2
159-186
PL
Artykuł jest propozycją weryfikacji stanowisk zajmowanych w ostatnich kilkunastu latach wobec natężenia i kierunku zmian selekcji środowiskowych w polskiej oświacie. W weryfikacji wykorzystane zostały wyniki zewnętrznych egzaminów (sprawdzianu szóstoklasisty i egzaminu gimnazjalnego), od prawie dwudziestu lat przeprowadzanych corocznie na pełnych, ogólnokrajowych populacjach uczniów kończących naukę w szkołach podstawowych i gimnazjach. Dla określenia natężenia i kierunku zmian tych selekcji wykorzystano dane o wynikach uzyskanych przez ogół dzieci uczących się w kilku środowiskach społecznych, wyodrębnionych ze względu na wielkość miejscowości, w której prowadzone jest kształcenie. Przedstawione tu analizy wskazują, że nietrafne są stosunkowo liczne niedawno stwierdzenia o zmniejszającym się i niewielkim zróżnicowaniu wyników osiąganych przez uczniów kształcących się w różnych środowiskach. Szczegółowe dane są tylko częściowo zgodne z klasycznymi już sposobami wyjaśniania tych różnic, odwołującymi się do roli kapitału kulturowego w procesach reprodukcji społeczno-kulturowej. Wykazana w tym opracowaniu duża różnica poziomu uzyskanej wiedzy i umiejętności między uczącymi się w kilkunastu największych miastach a uczącymi się w małych miejscowościach stawia też w nowym świetle znaczenie zasady równego dostępu do wykształcenia w funkcjonowaniu polskiego systemu szkolnictwa.
EN
The article verifies the positions taken in the last dozen or so years in relation to the intensity and direction of changes in socio-spatial selection in Polish education. This verification is carried out on the basis of the results of external exams (sixth grade test and middle school exit exam) conducted for almost twenty years on full, nationwide populations of primary and middle school students. In the measurement of these selections, data on the quality of education achieved by children learning in several socio-spatial categories, distinguished by the size of the place in which education is provided, were used. The analyses presented here show that the numerous recent statements about the decreasing and low diversity of educational results achieved by students from different backgrounds are erroneous. Detailed data are only partially consistent with the already classic ways of explaining these differences, referring to the role of cultural capital in the processes of sociocultural reproduction. The large difference in the level of acquired knowledge and skills between learners in a dozen or so of the largest cities and learners in small towns also shines a new light on the importance of the principle of equal access to education in the functioning of the Polish educational system.
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