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EN
A report on the Institute of Sociology activity in the year 2019
PL
Sprawozdanie z działalności Instytutu Socjologii w roku 2019
EN
The text mediates the author’s ‘personal sociological perspective’ based on his generation experience. It contemplates present-day sociology and a range of possibilities for applying sociological approaches to other humanities disciplines.
EN
The article presents selected aspects of the discussion about the conditions and consequences of global economic crisis in Polish sociology. The author argues that the relatively limited debate on the nature of the current crisis can be explained by two factors. Firstly, it is the consequence of the dominance of modernisation paradigm in the analysis of the Polish social transformation as well as the marginalisation of two sociologies: critical labour sociology and economic sociology. Secondly, drawing on research carried out by the author on working-class life strategies in the 2000s, the limited debate is the outcome of social “normalisation” and “adaptation” to crisis experiences in the Polish society. Despite the symptoms of collective “demobilisation” in the face of successive crises, adaptation to crises has its social limits. The discourse of global economic crisis contributes to new forms of collective mobilisation in the sphere of work and politics regardless of the dominance of individualistic coping strategies inherited from the first decades of transformation. The “counter-movement” taking place in Poland is expressed in trade union radicalisation and mobilisation of radical-nationalist movements. Both processes are interpreted by the author with the reference to Karl Polanyi’s work as the manifestations of self-defence of the society against the expansion of socially uncontrolled market mechanisms.
EN
The paper examines some rare specific features of Alicja Kuczyńska’s aesthetics. It is demonstrated that Kuczyńska connects the field of aesthetics to the realm of philosophical anthropology and social philosophy. Her interdisciplinary approach is based on postulated bonds between art, society, aesthetics and sociology.
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The European Dream. The frontier in European History

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EN
Many European citizens do not have a clear idea about European identity. But a European Dream (in many ways parallel to the American Dream) has raised hopes and offered opportunities for democratic and peaceful development. As F.J. Turner emphasized the importance of the frontier in shaping American character, we can also see the importance of the frontier in shaping the European mindset. In terms of topological mapping, a frontier is often also a war‑front. Outside Europe as well, borders such as the Great Wall of China have defined territory as a defended area. However, boundaries have seen not only war. Many cross‑border regions have in fact seen dialogue, communication, commerce, change, travel, and mutual inspiration. European identity was strengthened and defined through ancient reasoning concerning frontiers. According to Braudel, the Mediterranean cannot be understood independently from what is exterior to it. The first European identity was strengthened and defined on the frontier and the values of Europe are best perceived along its borders. The light shines strongest in the point of its source, but it is more appreciated to the point of its limit, where darkness and brightness compete for space – and even for life. European peripheries may be seen as a problem, yet they are the bastions of Europe and today, like yesterday, they have frequently prevented the institutional collapse of the center of Europe. Sometimes, an institutional breakdown begins at the peripheries and then, like an avalanche, sweeps the center away.
EN
In these pages I will present the results of a project, launched in 2008 by the European Union, the subject of which were the values of Europe. The idea of a Europe built on knowledge, civility, rule of law, inclusiveness, was in our mind, but we understood that this idea of Europe was conflicting with many other ideas about Europe and its destiny. At the end of our search, we have found that the best Europe is the Europe of the Founding Fathers. In 1946, Winston Churchill advocated European integration precisely to prevent the horrors of two world wars from ever happening again. From the beginning, the EU was linked to the USA. European heritage and American heritage are strictly connected. Many scholars, such as and T.G. Ash and J.G.A. Pocock, underline the point. The rebirth of classical Europe is the rebirth of collaboration, alliance, partnership, mutual friendship, common values. Western declinism is the classic self‑fulfilling prophecy, while, actually, however, what continue to exist are reasons for US strength and European eminence, which can be maximized rather than minimized (for those who care about the stability of the international system). The inventor of dynamite and philanthropist, Alfred Nobel is an icon of European ambivalence on science, which can be used in order to build bombs and in order to build peace. At the annual Nobel Prize Award Ceremony, in the Stockholm City Hall, every 10th December, the classical European spirit is alive and kicking even more each year.
EN
Considering the expansion process which the sport sociology is facing in the Social Sciences and Physical Education fields, this study highlights the need to attribute to a specific area of knowledge a diagnosis treatment and the discussion of the sociological matters and conceptions emerging in sport. Also we included in this scenario the preliminary need detected in studies focused on the diagnosis of sport sociology in Brazil. The main goal of this research consists in the diagnosis of the papers that make reference to the sport sociology and to verify the consolidation, in the undergraduate and postgraduate area of this research field in Brazil. Specifically, we aim to localize the authors, their production, theoretical references and analysis models to codify a theoretical and methodological classification of the area, identifying conceptions, perspectives and study objects. We also attempt to make possible the structuring of an Excellence Centre in Sport Sociology studies in Brazil and the possible institutional exchange with Portuguese and Spanishspeaking countries, in Latin America. Part of this project is being accomplished by the creation of the Asociación Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioculturales Del Deporte - ALESDE. The methodology selected is a historic-descriptive research with an analytical-bibliographical character. The scope to this diagnosis will depend on the initial contacts with the productions, however we estimate a possible starting point in the 1950s. Through a preliminary study, we realized the mapping of two journals, one from Sociology and another from Physical Education, collecting data of the papers, such as: authors, theoretical approach, study objects and productions profile, from 1997 to 2007. As the results to this specific research we pointed out the absence of papers published in the Social Sciences journal. This may be the result of disputes and tensions of the academic field, considering issues as research legitimacy, prestige, and the superficiality of the papers submitted for publication, that does not attend the criteria of the referred journal. In the Physical Education journal the sport is a study object with insert, fact confirmed by the number of papers published. However, we noticed a large number of issues of this journal without any publication from Sport Sociology, which can be a symptom of a field in a consolidation process. Based on these indicatives we noticed that the papers we analyzed indicate a lack of a proper appropriation of the sociological theories to discuss, with the proper depth, the study object. These data allow us to elaborate a conception of the Sport Sociology as a field seeking its consolidation and autonomy in Sociology and in Physical Education. By this preliminary study and the wider research we present in this paper, we expect to fill a visible gap in the Sport Sociology studies and contribute in the consolidation of this research field.
EN
Review The basic aim of the book of Michał Głuszkowski Socjologia w badaniach dwujęzyczności (Eng. Sociology in Bilingualism Research), is to describe theoretical reasons for the use of sociology in bilingualism research. The author proposes several of sociological theories which are adequate for language contact research. RecenzjaKsiążka Michała Głuszkowskiego Socjologia w badaniach dwujęzyczności, wydana przez Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w roku 2013 jest pierwszą w Polsce teoretyczną rozprawą omawiającą kierunki i rozwój badań nad dwujęzycznością w językoznawstwie światowym. Autor skoncentrował się na aspektach socjologicznych, dokonując przeglądu literatury światowej pod kątem uwzględniania wpływu czynników pozajęzykowych na strukturę języków funkcjonujących w kontakcie. Książka składa się z trzech głównych rozdziałów (rozdział I: „Teoretyczne podstawy dla wykorzystania teorii socjologicznych w badaniach dwujęzyczności”, rozdział II: „Socjologiczne uzupełnienie teorii kontaktów językowych”, rozdział III: „Teoria a praktyka. Przykłady zastosowania teorii socjologicznych w badaniach nad dwujęzycznością”), wstępu, zakończenia, streszczeń w językach rosyjskim i angielskim oraz bibliografii.
EN
The basic aim of the book of Michał Głuszkowski Socjologia w badaniach dwujęzyczności (Eng. Sociology in Bilingualism Research), is to describe theoretical reasons for the use of sociology in bilingualism research. The author proposes several of sociological theories which are adequate for language contact research.
PL
Książka Michała Głuszkowskiego Socjologia w badaniach dwujęzyczności, wydana przez Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika w roku 2013 jest pierwszą w Polsce teoretyczną rozprawą omawiającą kierunki i rozwój badań nad dwujęzycznością w językoznawstwie światowym. Autor skoncentrował się na aspektach socjologicznych, dokonując przeglądu literatury światowej pod kątem uwzględniania wpływu czynników pozajęzykowych na strukturę języków funkcjonujących w kontakcie. Książka składa się z trzech głównych rozdziałów (rozdział I: „Teoretyczne podstawy dla wykorzystania teorii socjologicznych w badaniach dwujęzyczności”, rozdział II: „Socjologiczne uzupełnienie teorii kontaktów językowych”, rozdział III: „Teoria a praktyka. Przykłady zastosowania teorii socjologicznych w badaniach nad dwujęzycznością”), wstępu, zakończenia, streszczeń w językach rosyjskim i angielskim oraz bibliografii.
EN
Ask: Research and Methods is an open access, peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to the methodology of social science research. ASK was first published in 1995 by the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Before 2008, ASK followed the tradition of other Polish language scientific journals by publishing short English language summaries of the articles. These summaries, available in the back issues of ASK, cover only a small portion of what the article is about. To provide more information about advances in Polish methodology as published in ASK from the early stages of the post-Communist era to the mid-2000s, we decided to translate the abstracts themselves. Funded by a grant from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, we translated into English all abstracts published in ASK from 1995 to 2007.
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Od národozpytu k evropské etnologii

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EN
To understand metamorphoses of the methods and research subject matters in Czech ethnography in the second half of the 20th century, it is necessary to search an answer to a question, whether there existed any continuity with the scientific discourse in the Euro-american scientific milieu. It was the pupils of Antonín Václavík in the 1960’s who endeavored to build such continuity, despite the restrictions imposed by the totalitarian regime, in the newly established review Ethnographical News (nowadays the Ethnographical review) and in the re-established Czechoslovak Ethnographical Bulletin in 1966-1972. In spite of all the problems, the Brno university department of ethnography survived purges from the end of the 1960’s and from the beginning of the 1970’s. Under the leaderhip of Richard Jeřábek, they gradually stabilized their activities within the framework of the comparative approach to European ethnology. Karel Fojtík, no matter how his works were products of their time, understood the general tendency of Czech ethnography, when he wrote that the professionally organized listing of material became a reliable base of the theoretical studies,whose necessity was lately emphasized by Chris Hann in the sociological review in 2007.
EN
This paper is focused on informal relations between state authorities and business, which exist in a peculiar Belarusian economic system, where the competition remains restricted, and the public sector based on large companies continues to play a crucial role. The author argues that the Belarusian public authorities have developed a broad set of informal rules which allow them to extract resources from small and medium private enterprises (SMEs) and control the expansion of the private sector. He also argues that as long as informal extractive institutions designed and maintained by the state remain in place, the improvement of formal business regulations alone will not produce the expansion of the SME sector. In authors opinion, an extra-legal extraction of funds and informal discrimination against small and medium private enterprises are embedded in the logic of the centrally planned economy, which Belarus has preserved after the fall of the Soviet Union. This paper may also help to understand how SMEs operate in many other economies of the post-Soviet area and what obstacles to the development they face.
EN
The subject of the review is a monograph focusing on looking for the causes and determinants of changes taking place in the education system of sociologists in Poland. In the publication, its author presented the results of theoretical analysis and conducted empirical research. The research is in-depth and consistent in a methodological sense, and the approach to the description, diagnosis and interpretation of the most important thematic problems is balanced. The paper presents the leading trends and dynamics of educating Polish sociologists in a comparative aspect, relating to public and private universities. The cognitive and application values of the monograph are the basis for the search for solutions increasing the importance of sociological education in Poland.
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Professor Norman Davies CMG, FBA, FLSW, FRSL, FRHistS, Honorary Fellow of St. Antony’s College, University of Oxford; Professor Emeritus of UCL-SSEES, an honorary fellow of Clare Hall, Cambridge. Until 2012, he was UNESCO Professor at the Jagiellonian University, Krakow. He specializes in history of Europe, with large volume of works dedicated to Poland. http://normandavies.com/?lang=en
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Muzyka jako spotkanie

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EN
What is music? One of the possible answers for this question is that music establishes a specific form of communication, which finally occurs to mean an encounter. How has this conclusion been created and how to justify it? It all comes from the interdisciplinary encounter of different perspectives of academic research. Setting in a relation, and so referring to each other, sociological and phenomenological methods result in discovering music (musical language and style, piece of music, musical thought and process) that is an effect and means of social communication. When providing this statement with deeper insight, one comes to the conclusion that every social communication has an encounter as its basis. Whereas so called 'philosophy of encounter', or 'of dialogue', which grows from the phenomenological radices makes it clear that it is an encounter of the two persons: a dialogue between 'I' and 'You'. The groundwork of this musical drama, like of a drama of any other kind of communication, is the reciprocity that establishes a specific relation. Alfred Schütz called it: 'relation of mutual tuning'. It is a tuning of thoughts and wills of participants of the encounter. This supplies the relation with an almost alchemical power of metamorphosis, making it possible to transform 'I' and 'You' into 'We'. And so it makes a harmony. Conclusions from new academic disciplines remain therefore close to the old knowledge – for Boethius already saw music as harmony. What is music? There are as many answers as perspectives. How to reach the truth then? There is a need for a meeting (sic!).
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The article aims to draw attention to the political character of the category of national minorities and the consequences this has for sociological reflection. The political character of the national minority category consists, among others, in the method of officially distinguishing them, their institutionalization and legitimization. Sociologists dealing with ethnic issues to a greater or lesser degree, more or less consciously – in the process of creating theory and empirical practice – succumb to categories developed in the sphere of politics. The examples of a thus problematized relation discussed in the article pertain on the one hand to the sociological distinguishing of the category of minorities, while on the other hand, concern the usage of data gathered in the National Census with his all political implications.
EN
Ontological questions in sociological research; rev. of: Sabina Prejsnar-Szatyńska, Problematyka ontologiczna w polskiej teorii socjologicznej. Analiza myśli Floriana Znanieckiego, Tadeusza Szczurkiewicza, Pawła Rybickiego i Jana Szczepańskiego [Ontological Issues in Polish Sociological Theory. Analysis of the Thought of Florian Znaniecki, Tadeusz Szczurkiewicz, Paweł Rybicki, and Jan Szczepański]  
PL
Pytania ontologiczne w badaniach nad społeczeństwem. Sabina Prejsnar-Szatyńska, Problematyka ontologiczna w polskiej teorii socjologicznej. Analiza myśli Floriana Znanieckie-go, Tadeusza Szczurkiewicza, Pawła Rybickiego i Jana Szczepańskiego, Wydawnictwo Libron Filip Lohner, Kraków 2017, ss. 236  
EN
From the undertaken analyses it results that more careful attention should be given for the parental contribution to the educative process. The author stresses that the professional development of teachers should be accompanied by the stronger involvement of parents in being responsible for the education of their children. It seems that now didactic achievements of school are still expected too automatically.
EN
Józef Chałasiński was one of significant organizers of learning in the Polish People’s Republic. He was considered a continuator of sociological thought of Florian Znaniecki. He organized the Łódź Sociological Center and after the end of the Second World War was a co- organizer of Łódź University. However, it was not organizational achievements but critical knowledge about the system of the command of science was a long-lasting output of the outstanding sociologist. J. Chałasiński worked out new research methods. He introduced the diary and autobiographic methods to the sociological research. He was a promoter of competitions for peasant and workers’ diaries. Based on them he worked out 4-volume work „Young generation of peasants” (1938) in which one presented shaping of social movements in the Polish countryside. He was a creator of the term „social promotion”. He studied the issues of education in communism and socialism systems. He was also interested in the North American culture. In the mid-fifties he openly criticized intervention of the state authorities in the Polish science for which he was then withdrawn from the main course of scientific activity. He became a symbol of fight for Polish sociological science development under lack of freedom in scientific activity conditions
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The Warsaw School of Marxism

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This article concerns the Warsaw School of Marxism, which was created at the University of Warsaw after the Second World War and functioned simultaneously with the famous Warsaw School of the History of Ideas. The Warsaw School of Marxism was formed in the circle of Julian Hochfeld, a pre-war socialist who not only wanted to bring Marxism into the social sciences and culture in Poland but also to redefine it in order to use it to analyse socialist societies. Inspired by Hochfeld’s ideas, his pupils – including Zygmunt Bauman, Włodzimierz Wesołowski, Maria Hirszowicz, Jerzy Wiatr, Witold Morawski, and Aleksandra Jasińska-Kania – engaged in original reflection and research. Some of their studies came to be seen as milestones for sociology in Poland. The history of the school is presented here in the context of the social and political changes occurring in the Polish People’s Republic: Stalinism, the “Polish Way to Socialism” after 1956, and the breakthrough between the 1960s and 1970s. The history of the school is interesting in itself and can also serve to further an understanding of the dynamics of “real socialist” societies within the framework of totalitarianism.
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