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1

New perspectives on the dating of prehistoric soil erosion in loess areas

100%
Poreba G. J., Śnieszko Z., Moska P.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2012
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vol. 64
113-147
EN
This study presents the results of Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating of colluvial sediment profiles from Biedrzykowice and Świerklany in the archaeologically well documented loess area of southern Poland, The method, the criteria for site selection and the limitations of the interpretation of the dates obtained are discussed. It is shown that Holocene colluvial sediments containing grains of quartz can be approximately dated using OSL. Despite its many limitations, it remains the only method suitable for direct dating of colluvial sediments. The obtained OSL dates are consistent with the archaeological evidence. The Biedrzykowice profile, located 6 km from the Neolithic settlement at Bronocice, contains two layers of Holocene colluvial sediments.The older layer, OSL dated to 6–5 ka BP, is separated from the younger, medieval layer dated to 1,0–0,5 ka BP by a fossil soil. In Świerklany, where there are no known prehistoric settlements, the accumulation of colluvial sediments only started in the medieval period. The OSL dating confirms earlier assumptions that in natural Holocene ecosystems in loess areas of the moderate climate forest zones, mineral material was not transported by slope wash, or only to a minimal extent. This work is the first direct isotopic dating of colluvial sediments in Poland.
2

The earthworks at Altheim

86%
Saile T., Posselt M., Zirngibl B.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2017
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vol. 69
71-82
EN
In 2012, fi eldwork recommenced at the Altheim earthwork, discovered more than a century ago. The investigation in its immediate environs revealed a second ditched enclosure from the Altheim period, south-east of the previously known structure. The two enclosures are spatially related to one another. It was found that several decimetres of soil have been eroded during the last hundred years in the area of the north earthwork; the very substance of both monuments is acutely threatened. The fi rst radiocarbon datings, carried out on samples of domestic animal bone, allow both enclosures to be dated to the 37th/36th century BC and suggest a temporal sequence of the ditches. Certain earlier observations, namely the high proportion of arrowheads among the fl aked stone tools and the very low proportion of bones from wild animals, were confi rmed by the new excavation. The southwest-northeast orientation of the structures’ long axes permits an archaeoastronomical interpretation: knowledge obtained from the observation of natural phenomena was transferred to architecture. The new investigation sheds further doubt on the interpretation of the enclosures as fortifi cations.
3
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Prehistoryczna transformacja rzeźby na stanowisku archeologicznym Rychnowo V w zlewni górnej Drwęcy

72%
Kalicki T., Chrabąszcz M., Maciszewski I., Przepióra P.
Acta Geographica Lodziensia
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2018
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vol. 107
11-23
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań geoarcheologicznych i archeologicznych na stanowisku Rychnowo V położonym na wysoczyźnie morenowej pomiędzy dwoma rynnami subglacjalnymi odwadnianymi współcześnie przez górną Drwęcę i Grabiczek. Rzeźbę wysoczyzny urozmaicają zagłębienia po oczkach polodowcowych, o różnej wielkości i stopniu wypełnienia. Jeziorka te powstały w późnym glacjale i były zapełniane w holocenie przez osady organiczne i klastyczne. Na stanowisku archeologicznym stwierdzono kilka faz osadniczych związanych z kulturami łużycką (największa), wielbarską, a także wczesno- i późnośredniowieczną oraz nowożytną. Osadnictwo nie miało charakteru stałej osady, lecz raczej krótkotrwałych obozowisk. Najliczniejsze są artefakty kultury łużyckiej, których analiza sugeruje kilkukrotne powroty ludności na ten obszar w stosunkowo krótkim czasie (homogeniczna ceramika). Działalność ludności tej kultury (związana raczej nie z uprawą, lecz wypasem) doprowadziła na początku subatlantyku do erozji na stoku i fosylizacji gleby w bezodpływowej depresji.
EN
The results of geoarchaeological and archaeological research at the Rychnowo V site are presented. The archaeological site is located on the moraine plateau between two subglacial tunnel valleys currently drained by the upper Drwęca and Grabiczek Rivers. Relief of the moraine plateau is varied by hollows on post-glacial depressions of varying size and degree of filling. These lakes were formed in the Late Glacial and were filled in the Holocene by organic and clastic deposits. At the archaeological site, several settlement phases have been identified related to the Lusatian (main phase) and Wielbark cultures, Early and Late Medieval and Modern periods. Not found in the site permanent or long-term settlement. The site should be considered as group of rather short-lived camps. The most numerous traces of Lusatian culture are not a single phase, but rather multiple returns to the same area at short intervals (the homogeneous ceramics). The activity of the people of Lusatian culture (connected not with cultivation but grazing) at the beginning of the Subatlantic led to slope erosion and soil fossilization in endorheic depression.
4
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Rozwój śródpolnego wąwozu drogowego w świetle badań pedologicznych i pomiarów GPS

72%
Rodzik J., Krukowski M., Zagórski P.
Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Geographica
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2010
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vol. 1 Dynamika zmian środowiska geograficznego pod wpływem antropopresji
137-147
EN
The article presents the development of a small, midfield form of road, which cuts the side of a loessic valley. The contemporary shape of the surface was determined by GPS measurements (Leica System 500), set together in ArcView and ArcGIS. Changing of its position was determined by a field analysis of the construction of 50 profiles of the Luvisols with varying degrees of erosion or aggradation. Calculation and visualization were performed in the ‘Surfer’ program. The results are interpreted in the context of changes in the agrarian structure since the end of the 19th century. It was found that the development of erosional forms is associated with an intensive use, since the late 1930s, of the road traced at the end of 19th century. Significant rate of its cutting is also the result of earlier soil erosion, due to its agricultural use since the late Middle Ages. Until achieving the depth of about 1 m, the form was the shape of a trough, because the road also served as a zone of turning round during the cultivation of the adjacent transversal-slope fields. In the 1970s, after a change in cultivation mode, erosion took the form of a box-like section. The average annual rate of cutting into the deepest section increased from 2.5 to4 cm and the depth - to 1.8 m. These conclusions confirm the profile of deposits on the extended cone at the gully mouth at the valley bottom. Their lower series, with thickness of 1.7 m and a massive structure, are products of soil erosion accumulated for several hundred years. The laminated top series with thickness of 0.8 m is distinguished by CaCO3 content growing towards the surface. Its accumulation at a rate of 1.2 cm per year is the result of a deeper cutting of the road on the slope.
5
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Zagłębienia bezodpływowe obszarów lessowych Polski. Stan i perspektywy badań

58%
Kołodyńska-Gawrysiak R.
Acta Geographica Lodziensia
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2017
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vol. 106
105-116
PL
Zagłębienia bezodpływowe stanowią typowe formy rzeźby obszarów lessowych Europy, a ich geneza jest szeroko dyskutowana w literaturze. Artykuł prezentuje stan dotychczasowych badań, dotyczących zagłębień bezodpływowych obszarów lessowych Polski, istniejące hipotezy genetyczne oraz kierunki przyszłych badań. Dotychczas w literaturze opisane zostały cechy morfometryczne, rozmieszczenie i warunki geologiczne występowania tych form. W wybranych zagłębieniach zbadano gleby kopalne i osady koluwialne wypełniające formy. Zróżnicowane procesy (pierwotne i wtórne): deflacja, nierównomierna akumulacja lessu, sufozja, wyciskanie poziomów kurzawkowych, termokras były opisywane jako możliwe procesy morfogenetyczne. Zagłębienia bezodpływowe pełnią funkcję sedymentologicznych archiwów, umożliwiających rekonstrukcję naturalnych i antropogenicznych procesów zachodzących w przeszłości. Niezbędne są dalsze badania genezy i ewolucji zagłębień bezodpływowych. Pozwoli to na lepsze zrozumienie znaczenia okresu późnego glacjału i holocenu dla morfogenezy obszarów lessowych Europy.
EN
Closed depressions (CDs) are typical geomorphological features of the loess belts in Europe and their origin is highly debated in literature. This paper presents the current state of research on CDs in the loess belts in Poland. A review was conducted of several studies describing CDs. The existing genetic hypothesis and the scope of future research are described. Morphometric features of CDs, distribution and geological conditions were described in several publications so far. In the selected CDs, colluvial sediments and fossil soils were studied. Various processes (primary and secondary): deflation, uneven loess deposition, suffosion, extrusion of strongly saturated layers, thermokarst were reported as probable genetic processes. CDs act as important archives allowing a reconstruction of natural and anthropogenic processes operating in the past. More research is needed for a better understanding of the origin and evolution of CDs. This will help better understand the importance of the Late Glacial and Holocene stages for the morphogenesis of the loess belts in Europe.
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