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Kazimierski–Podgórski skład solny (XVI – XIX w.)

100%

Międzobrodzka M.

Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

2016

vol. 31

9-59

The Kazimierz salt storage operated from the 16th century on the area of the city of Kazimierz, on the right bank of Zakazimierka River, which initially was a peripheral and later the main river bed of the Vistula River. It was the storage of salt intended for rafting down the Vistula to the Masovian salt storages. Simultaneously, the facility operates as a shipping harbour organising salt rafting three times a year, serviced by rafters supplying proper vessels for salt rafting, including barges, komiega rafts, galara, byk and lichtun. The development of the Kazimierz salt storage consisted of a house (a dwelling and a place where saltworks officials resided during salt loading), known as the manor house with adjoining farm buildings, including stables and storage sheds, distinguished by their vast sizes, assigned for salt loaves (salt clumps with columnar shapes and specific dimensions) and barrel salt (salt loaded into barrels in the mine and transported in this manner) usually built in parallel to the river bed, right by the water, next to the waterfront reinforced by fascine and wood. Descriptions of the development prepared by royal commissioners are included in the text of saltworks commissions from the period between 1581 and 1762. Destruction of the Kazimierz salt storage during the siege of Cracow by the Swedes and the repeated flooding of the Vistula in the 1670s resulted in closing of the facility. Its role between 1690 and 1717 was taken over by the salt storage and shipping harbour in Mogiła. The Kazimierz salt storage was officially reopened in 1718. Construction investments were conducted between 1725 and 1751, and a manor house, a storage shed, a stable and an additional shed for lime (rafted down the Vistula to Warsaw for the needs of the royal court) were subsequently built. Between 1730 and 1762, a modern harbour was constructed with stanchions and an outer water gauge. The Austrian administration which took over the management of the Kazimierz storage after the first partition of Poland in 1772, changed its official name into Podgorzer Salzniederlage in 1787; legal changes pertaining to the principles of salt trading made it subject to the Directorate of Salt Affairs in Lviv. The organisation of salt rafting was the obligation of the Imperial and Royal Podgórze Rafting Office (C.K. Podgórski Urząd Defluitacyjny), whose tasks were monitored, until 1795 (after further areas of the Republic of Poland were incorporated in the Austrian monarchy), by the Imperial and Royal Directorate for Salt Affairs in Podgórze (C.K. Dyrekcja do Spraw Solnych in Podgórze) (in 1805 transferred to Wieliczka). Between 1809 and 1815, the Podgórze storage, together with the entire district, was subject to the administration of the Duchy of Warsaw. Construction investments from the Austrian times include a second storage building made of brick (after 1804), renovation of administrative buildings, the waterfront, regulation of the Vistula River, as well as erection of a new shed with two residential annexes and a large stable building with a storey. The last investment took place after 1810 and before 1820. The status of development is confirmed by the maps of 1779 – 1847. In 1847, the newly erected stable building was taken-over by the Austrian army for the cavalry needs. The salt storage was handling the sale of salt for the Prussian government and the Russian authorities of the Kingdom of Poland. The final expiry of such contracts (in 1858 and 1872), along with development of rail transport resulted in closing of the governmental salt storage in Podgórze. Since 1873, the storage buildings, handed over to the Poviat Treasury Directorate (Powiatowa Dyrekcja Skarbu) in Cracow, were used by commercial companies, army and treasury guards. They were disassembled during construction of the third bridge across the Vistula and Vistula boulevards (approx. 1912). Only the stable building has been preserved from the entire Podgórze salt storage and continued to be used by the army until 1939.

Plac Solny we Wrocławiu

80%

Mróz U.

Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

2017

vol. 32

118-181

Summing up the discussions presented in the article, it has to be stated that the preserved source materials and accounts contained in the studies unfortunately have not allowed for clarifying the questions and doubts which were presented at the beginning of work on this subject matter. This article is exclusively an attempt at shedding some light on them and in no case exhausts any of the abovementioned issues. However, in a certain range it allows for verifying the view about the relatively small number of accounts, which have been published in the context of organisation of salt trade in the area of Wrocław and the Salt Market Square. It is particularly characteristic that during the analysis of individual works of authors dealing with the above-mentioned issues, it is possible to notice certain repetitiveness of verified information, based probably on one (preserved) source. Only few contain unknown and unquoted pieces of information, which are to be sought in vain in the majority of studies or articles. It goes without doubts that examination of issues mentioned in the article would be possible exclusively thanks to long-lasting queries conducted in the Wrocław archives. The question pertaining to the quantity of Wieliczka salt reaching the Wrocław market and organisation of daily work at the Salt Market Square, in particular in the modern times, remains valid. International policy, inseparably linked to trade, had to regulate the quantity and the quality of salt which arrived at one of the most important municipal markets from foreign suppliers of the mineral. In the future studies, it is worth taking into account the thread pertaining to goods imported from Silesia to Kraków or Wieliczka as part of exchange of commodities conducted for long centuries between the neighbouring states. This could become interesting elaboration of the issue tackled by several historians and significantly enrich the literature created to date. Restoration of former names and modern revitalisation of certain facilities of municipal infrastructure along with names which are still functioning, such as the Salt Market Square or the Salt Alley, in spite of various difficulties, encourage one to undertake an attempt at answering the questions which appear after reading papers devoted to the economic history of Silesia and its capital. One of the most important ones is: is restoration of the original name of the Salt Market Square only a return to the traditional nomenclature or is it also associated by the contemporary city dwellers with the interesting history of sale of one of the most important seasonings and preservatives that salt was in the past.

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2 Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce

1 2017

1 2016

1 Międzobrodzka M.

1 Mróz U.

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Kazimierski–Podgórski skład solny (XVI – XIX w.)

Plac Solny we Wrocławiu