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Slovnědruhová a morfologická homonymie, homofonie a homografie v současné češtině

100%
Petkevič V.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2015
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vol. 97
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issue 2
127-135
EN
The paper presents a classification of the types of morphological ambiguity and the types of homophony and homography in contemporary Czech occurring in the material of the SYN and SYN2013PUB corpora of the Czech National Corpus. The classification of homonymy and homography constitutes a data base for the rule-based automatic morphological disambiguation of written Czech performed in the Institute of Theoretical and Computational Linguistics at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University. As for homophony, the types presented in the paper and mainly the sets of word forms associated with these types, can be used for the disambiguation of spoken texts.
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Slovesa odvozená od adverbií jako periferie slovotvorného systému (na materiálu Českého národního korpusu)

100%
Kolářová I.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2015
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vol. 97
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issue 2
179-189
EN
There are not many verbs in Contemporary Czech that are derived from adverbs. They are considered almost a marginal part of the Czech word-formation system. Nevertheless verbs that are derived from adverbs are differentiated (a) from the point of view of style: they are stylistically neutral, while some of them are also literary or colloquial; (b) from the point of view of frequency: some of those verbs are very frequent in the texts of the Czech National Corpus, others are seldom used. Sometimes it is difficult to recognise that the verb has been derived from an adverb: there may be a problem finding a connection between the meaning of the verbs and the adverbs and also between their formal structures in Contemporary Czech.
3
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Ty vole jako multifunkční komunikační prostředek v současné češtině

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Ludwicki A., Škodová S.
Bohemistyka
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2018
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issue 3
220-246
EN
The paper deals with the use of the expression ty vole ( that can be translated as man/dude/shit) in the current Czech language. Through the qualitative analysis of the material of spoken Czech corpora, the contribution demonstrates that this originally vulgar expression in contemporary Czech has lost its mischievous content in some contexts and it is used also with other meanings than vulgar or depreciative. At the same time, it is possible to observe the shift in its morphological classification, at present it is not always possible to characterize its form as a vocative of the substance of a word vůl/ox, i.e. also its position in the contacting function as addressing a communication partner, but it is formally ceased and it functions as a particle. Paralelly with it, it acquires new communication functions. The aim of the analysis is to describe the communication acquires new communicative functions. Corpus analysis is accompanied by an elicitation research probe among foreign students of Bohemistics. The aim of the elicitation is the individual interpretation of contexts and goals of using the vocabulary of ty vole. 
CS
Příspěvek se zabývá používáním prostředku ty vole v současné mluvené češtině. Prostřednictvím kvalitativní analýzy materiálu mluvených korpusů češtiny příspěvek dokládá, že tento původně vulgární výraz v současné češtině ztratil v některých kontextech svou hanlivou náplň a je užíván i s jinými významy než vulgárními či depreciativními. Zároveň je možné sledovat i posun v jeho morfologickém zařazení, v současné době ne vždy lze charakterizovat jeho formu jako vokativ substantiva vůl, tj. následně i jeho postavení ve funkci kontaktové jako oslovení komunikačního partnera, ale dochází k jeho formálnímu ustrnutí do podoby částice a paralelně s tím, získává nové komunikační funkce. Cílem analýzy je popis komunikačních funkcí, do nichž prostředek ty vole vstupuje. Korpusová analýza je provázena elicitační výzkumnou sondou mezi zahraničními studenty bohemistiky. Cílem elicitace jsou individuální interpretace kontextů a cílů užití slovního spojení ty vole.
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K užívání recipročního výrazu jeden - druhý v současné češtině

88%
Pergler J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2024
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vol. 85
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issue 1
3-26
EN
The article deals with the use of the reciprocal marker jeden – druhý in contemporary Czech. As I show in the introductory section, although bipartite quantifiers of this type are quite common means of expressing reciprocity across languages, the situation in Czech has not been devoted much attention so far. I thus analyze 1000 randomly selected attestations of the expression jeden – druhý from the SYN2020 corpus, focusing on both their semantic and formal features, including reciprocal/non-reciprocal meaning, type of reciprocity, preposition and case marking of the expression druhý, type of syntactic subject, complexity of the phrase containing jeden/druhý and linearization preferences; correlations between these features are also pointed out. Based on the results of the analysis, I then give a description of five different types of contexts in which jeden – druhý is used and I argue that these structural types can be thought of as successive stages of a grammaticalization process leading to the emergence of reciprocal uses and their gradual spread to new types of contexts; this process includes typical features of grammaticalization such as the decrease in semantic compositionality and morphosyntactic transparency.
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