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PL
The paper addresses the issue of the success of the sound of computer game success. To realise this, the author undertook a study of sound samples selected by him, which he considered to be the auditory representation of success in a computer game. The study was carried out with the help of the Reaper computer program and included 9 different sound characters. In the article, the author also reflects on the source and essence of success in a computer game and the game-player-success relationship.
EN
The author of the following publication, aware of the shortage of specific literature concerning links between acoustics, architecture and building’s design, sets himself an aim: to depict general problems relevant to architect design of sacred interior reflecting acoustic qualities of each room and to convey useful and basic knowledge to architects, acousticians and clerics referring to the church’s building stage. In the following thesis the most important factors of church’s interior acoustic design are shown because through centuries the discipline caused numerous problems, being difficult to research, recount and neglected. Additional ideas of using natural acoustics of different sacred objects or electro acoustic equipment cause that the following subject area can be adapted in houses of prayer built throughout the years. Therefore the subject of the following article seems to be vitally important and up-to-date because it refers to a specialized field of knowledge of which thorough cognoscence broadens versatility and workshops of the architects, acousticians and clerics, not without influence upon high quality results.
PL
The paper is an attempt to consider Grisey’s music from an ontological perspective, not only as a cultural product, but above all as an entity derived from the order of nature. The spectral music, as an entity derived from the order of nature, may be studied primarily as mental reality that refers directly to the composer’s stance, physical reality, that refers to the material from which the music is produced, and psychological reality of relating to its perception. In Grisey’s creative attitude, one distinguishes several tendencies. The article describes treating sound as a living organism in time, replacing the idea of timbrematière, from the traditional art of orchestration, with timbre-son, based on the science of acoustics, a processual approach to time and form, taking account in the creative process of human perceptual abilities and seeking a musical language based on scientific premises. These tendencies are described in the context of the composer's statements and examples of his work. Taking the nature of sounds as his starting point, Grisey headed towards the nature of listening, and the effects of this journey are his clearly specified views and their manifestation in composed musical works.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the ways of conceptualization of sound in Polish and Russian musical critical texts. For the purpose of the article 145 examples in Polish and 145 examples in Russian were analyzed. The material has been divided into three groups based on the type of sense: a visual approach to sound impressions, a tactile approach to sound impressions and a tastebased approach to sound impressions. The analyzed research material was presented with the use of the linguistic worldview methodology, and grouped into categories. The results of the comparative analysis showed a multiplicity of similarities in the types of categories, as well as in the types of synaesthetic metaphors. The largest groups of conceptualizations are those with Aristotelian origin: QUALITY, SUBSTANCE and SHAPE. Synaesthetic metaphors based on the visual approach to sound impressions proved to be the most widespread. The analyzed texts have provided a huge variety of conceptualizations and synaesthetic metaphors in Polish and Russian musical critical texts which constitute a part of the linguistic worldview of sound.
EN
The scope of the article is to reflect upon the argument of animality in the work of the Sicilian poet Jolanda Insana (1937-2016) which represents one of the possible interpretive keys of her works. The analytical part of the paper contains an analysis from the anti-anthropocentric perspective of some fragments of the section Bestia clandestina included in the volume Turbativa d’incanto (2012).
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When we see an object, we see it as bounded and separated from other objects in space. When we hear a sound, we are capable of discerning its beginning, its continuing flow, and its end in time. Despite this, the bounds of sound are not firm, but flow with the sound in time and cannot be fixed. We can perceive other sounds and events synchronously. Do we then perceive the bounds of acustic events on the basis of time, as is commonly supposed? How could the bounds in time not be real, but only notional (conventional), and on the basis of what do we distinguish sounds and silence? This article investigates (i) how we are able to perceive (distinguish) bounds, that is change in the context of a continous perception of sounds; and (ii) whether time enables us to distinguish the perceived event as a delineated whole, or rather as part of the continuous flow of sounds. The first question is developed from Leibniz’s thoughts about the emergence of consciousness, in so far as they issue from the aural model of perception. The second question is put into the context of Husserl’s analysis of the percept of melody and asks whether Husserl’s understanding of aural events (melody) as a whole is compatible with the fact that melodies occur in time gradually.
Edukacja Muzyczna
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2014
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issue 9
89–111
PL
Artykuł przedstawia relacje pomiędzy partiami dwóch instrumentów i ich wpływ na brzmienie. Zagadnienie to jest ukazane na przykładzie 4 sonat skrzypcowych polskich kompozytorów, powstałych w różnych latach XX wieku. A są to: — Sonata G-dur na skrzypce i fortepian Henryka Melcera (1907), — Sonata na skrzypce i fortepian Romana Maciejewskiego (1938), — IV Sonata na skrzypce i fortepian Grażyny Bacewicz (1949), — Sonata na skrzypce i fortepian (1971). Rozważania o brzmieniu poprzedzone są metodologicznym wstępem, zatytułowanym „Brzmienie jako problem badawczy”. Ukazuje on uwagi Carla Dahlhausa, Igora Strawińskiego, Ryszarda Daniela Golianka i Józefa Michała Chomińskiego. Analizy utworów poprzedzają uwagi dotyczące relacji interinstrumentalnej i jej definicje. W pierwszej sonacie Henryka Melcera relacje przyjmują postać dialogu sukcesywnego i symultatywnego, w którym istnieją różne rodzaje brzmienia: selektywne, eufoniczne, złożone, kontrastowe. Druga kompozycja, Sonata Romana Maciejewskiego, przedstawia rodzaj dialogu symultatywnego o brzmieniu topliwym. IV Sonata Grażyny Bacewicz reprezentuje dialog symultatywny o brzmieniu kontrastowym. Sonata Eugeniusza Knapika reprezentuje model płaszczyznowy, który tworzy układ formy brzmieniowej tarasowej. Artykuł zamyka podsumowanie, w którym wysunięto wnioski nadrzędne: w każdym utworze istnieją trzy warstwy relacji kształtujących brzmienie: — dobór instrumentów a brzmienie, — rdzeń dźwiękowy a brzmienie, — ukształtowanie interinstrumentalne a brzmienie.
EN
Issues concerning relations between the parts for two instruments and is effect on the tone form in the course of development of the form are discussed in the article. The authoress performs exemplification of the issue on the grounds of case studies of four violin sonatas written by Polish composers in different periods of the 20th century. They are: — Sonata in G-major for violin and piano by Henryk Melcer (1907), — Sonata for violin and piano by Roman Maciejewski (1938), — Sonata No 4 for violin and piano by Grażyna Bacewicz (1949), — Sonata for violin and piano by Eugeniusz Knapik (1971). Deliberations on the texture-tone phenomena in these compositions are preceded by a methodo- logical introduction, entitled “Tone as a Research Problem”. Opinions expressed by, among others, Carl Dalhaus, Igor Stravińsky, Ryszard D. Golianek, Józef M. Chomiński are also discussed. Analyses of subsequent works lead to conclusions on types of the applied texture, methods of operating instrumental registers and variations of inter-instrumental relations. In each sonata, the conclusions are different. In the Sonata in G-major by Henryk Melcer, there are relations of a successive dialogue, giving a selective tone and simultative cooperation (parallel narration) forming three tone variants: uniform, complementary and contrasting. The second composition, Sonata by Roman Maciejewski, shows aspiration to the texture-tone combination. Sonata No. 4 by Grażyna Bacewicz achieves a high degree of variability with a majority of contrasting simultative cooperation. The last Sonata by Eugeniusz Knapik, assuming the plane model with strong con- trasts in planning tone arrangements, creates a “terrace tone form”. Each sonata presents its own model (also stylistic) of shaping tone and texture, and the final shape of the tone is affected by its idiolect form, resulting from, above all, the individual style of a given composer.
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Polish texts in Cyrillic alphabet used by the speakers of the Polish dialect in the village of VershinaThe article analyzes Polish texts in Cyrillic alphabet used by the speakers of the Polish dialect in the village of Vershina, Bokhan Region near Irkutsk. The dialect was brought to Siberia by the Polish who moved there from the Dombrovsky coal basen in the aftermath of Pyotr Stolypin’s reforms. The dialect has retained the characteristic features of the southwestern variety of Polish until the present day.There two types of Cyrillic Polish texts in the Vershina dialect: handwritten songs performed by the local choir and religious texts in print. Some language peculiarities of the dialect can be found in the songs. The present paper provides a comparison of the differences in how the Polish speech sounds are rendered in song lyrics and in prayers. For example, in texts of prayers there are a variety of ways of writing the affricate ć, and some inconsistencies in the use of some of Cyrillic characters. Tексты, писанные «гражданкой», у поляков сибирской деревни ВершинаПредметом анализа в статье являются кириллические польские тексты, функционирующие у носителей польского диалекта деревни Вершина Боханского района Иркутской области. Этот островной польский говор появился в Сибири в результате переселения сюда поляков из Домбровского бассейна в ходе реформ П. Столыпина и до настоящего времени сохраняет особенности, свойственные говорам юго-западной Польши. У носителей польского диалекта представлены 2 вида польских текстов, написанных «гражданкой»: записи польских песен, исполняемых участниками местного хора и печатные литургические тексты. В записях песен отражены некоторые диалектные особенности местного польского говора. В статье сопоставляются способы передачи «гражданкой» польского языкового материала в записях песен и в текстах молитв. В частности, в текстах молитв отмечаются разнообразие способов передачи аффрикаты ć и случаи непоследовательного использования в них тех или иных кириллических букв.
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The article introduces the most important philosophical and musicological contexts of Jakub Momro’s book The ear has no eyelid. Sonic primordial scenes. The author of the book places the music and sonic practices of late modernity into an extensive network of philosophical concepts, especially those related to the philosophy of deconstruction and psychoanalysis. In this way he shows the relationship between music and the issues of time, voice, materiality and corporeality, sound and vision, freedom and determinism, trauma and desire. The text also includes a reconstruction of some theses on the ephemeral and performative nature of sound and on listening as the domain of freedom. At the end conclusions are presented about the importance of the book in the context of contemporary musical thought.
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2020
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vol. XXIII
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issue (2/2020)
157-166
EN
Introduction. The method of relaxation by Peter Hess, not particularly popular in Poland, is used by doctors, therapists, psychotherapists, and teacher-therapists working with people with disabilities in occupational therapy workshops, social welfare centres, hospices, and hospitals. Objective. The aim of the article is to present selected assumptions of the Peter Hess method and the possibilities of its use in prophylaxis and family therapy. Materials and methods. The work uses a description of individual cases of people benefiting from family therapy at the “Arka” Social Welfare Centre in Zielona Góra. Results. The observations show that the Peter Hess method creates wide preventive and therapeutic possibilities in working with adults and family members.
PL
Wprowadzenie. Mało jeszcze rozpowszechniona w Polsce metoda odprężenia i relaksacji Petera Hessa jest wykorzystywana przez lekarzy, terapeutów, psychoterapeutów, nauczycieli-terapeutów pracujących z osobami z niepełnosprawnością na warsztatach terapii zajęciowej, w ośrodkach pomocy społecznej, hospicjach, szpitalach. Cel. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie wybranych założeń metody Petera Hessa i możliwości jej wykorzystania w profilaktyce i terapii rodzinnej. Materiały i metody. W pracy wykorzystano opis indywidualnych przypadków osób korzystających z terapii rodzinnej w Ośrodku Pomocy Społecznej „Arka” w Zielonej Górze. Wyniki. Z obserwacji wynika, że metoda Petera Hessa stwarza szerokie możliwości profilaktyczno-terapeutyczne w pracy z dorosłymi, z członkami rodzin.
Acta Ludologica
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2018
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vol. 1
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issue 2
34-46
EN
The author of this study suggests an idea that the auditive element of digital games is soon going to be one of the most important factors influencing their overall success, popularity, and originality. He analyses the phenomenon of binaural and ambisonic sound, its evolution and uses in the context of modern audio-visual work, primarily focusing on games. The auditive component and its increasingly important role are analyzed in connection with the graphic design of games, virtual reality, as well as the popularity of specific games. This paper also focuses on audio-games, the use of binaural sound (which was first used on a large scale in Hellblade: Senua’s Sacrifice) and various hybrid digital games, which are balancing between classic games and audio-games. Argumentation is based on an assumption that binaural sound is the way to ambisonic sound, which (within the context of the immersive and interactive character of digital games) predestines the new standard and shows an entirely new way of creating and using digital games at the same time. All of this is reflected in the context of the graphic design of digital games and their future.
Verbum Vitae
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2018
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vol. 34
511-518
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Book review:  Joanna Nowińska, Co słyszysz poza słowem? «Sound design» Apokalipsy św. Jana (Rozprawy i Studia Biblijne 47; Warszawa: Vocatio 2016). Ss. 214. 65 PLN. ISBN: 978-83-7829-217-3
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Recenzja książki:  Joanna Nowińska, Co słyszysz poza słowem? «Sound design» Apokalipsy św. Jana (Rozprawy i Studia Biblijne 47; Warszawa: Vocatio 2016). Ss. 214. 65 PLN. ISBN: 978-83-7829-217-3
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Sound art is a term used to classify works which incorporate sound as the main artistic means of communication with the audience. If we look at the presence of sound in art from a historical viewpoint, our attention can be drawn by Cabaret Voltaire and the performances of Dadaist on its stage. Sound became also an element of performances, and constituted an integral part of many of them. However, it only accompanied the artworks and was not an independent object of art. The text focuses on materiality which is an integral part of Sergei Tcherepin’s sound artworks. In his artworks, a material object and sound constitute a specific unity.
PL
Sound art to pojęcie określające prace, w których dźwięk jest dominującym środkiem artystycznym. Z historycznego punktu widzenia, naszą uwagę może przyciągnąć Cabaret Voltaire i występy dadaistów na jego scenie. Dźwięk stał się też elementem performansów i stanowił integralną część wielu z nich. Jednakże stanowił element „towarzyszący”, a nie był samodzielnym „obiektem” sztuki. Artykuł skupia się na materialnym elemencie towarzyszącym pracom Sergeia Tcherepina, amerykańskiego artysty, którego twórczość zaliczana jest do sound art. W jego pracach materialny obiekt i dźwięk stanowią swoistą jedność.
EN
Silence does not always mean the absence of sounds; contrariwise, as in Heidegger, it is charged with sonority which, as in Hopkins, “erupts” with the symphony of sounds. Hopkins’s poem "The Wreck of the Deutschland" (1875) was written after seven years of silence that preceded the poet’s entering the Society of Jesus. He destroyed all poems he had written before 1875 when he was requested by the rector of the college where he studied to write something about the wreck of the ship off the shores of the North Sea when "five Franciscan nuns drowned between midnight and morning of December 7th, 1875.” He responded to the challenge and in thirty-five stanza masterpiece which presented one of the biggest poetic elegies of Victorian England. All Hopkins’s poems are not only a polyphony of sounds articulated in Sprung Rhythm but also the moments of silence, as in The Windhover in which the description of Nature in the octet is divided from the sestet by the caesura of the rest or pause (fermata in music) or the pianissimo followed by meditation on Christ’s passion. The “grammar of creation” in poetry and music has its own rules; usually the invocation of the poem is a loud symphony of sound which progressively tends to fall silent in the final code of the poem or the musical piece. Silence is usually associated with the contemplation of Sacrum but also with the time of creation in the poet’s (composer’s) mind; each poem (or a musical work) is a kind of “spiritual exercise" (Loyola) which is practiced until the final diminuendo that reduces force and loudness of sound to the quietness of death.
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Artykuł "Cisza, 'diminuendo' i 'fermata' w muzyce poezji (na przykładzie Gerarda Manleya Hopkinsa)" jest próbą opisania znaczenia dźwięków i ciszy w poezji i muzyce, gdyż właśnie w tych sztukach ich wzajemna współpraca odgrywa wielką rolę. Cisza to nie tylko znużenie artysty i odpoczynek spowodowany ustaniem dźwięków, ale wymowa tego, co niesłyszalne, gdyż glosy ciszy bywają bardziej wymowne niż nieobecność dźwięków. Artykuł jest apologią nieco innej ciszy niż pragnie tego kanadyjski kompozytor R.Murray Schafer; mowa tutaj o tych dźwiękach lub takiej ciszy, którą proklamuje angielski poeta G.M. Hopkins (1844-1889). Hopkins wręcz nakazuje czytelnikowi, by "czytał jego poezję uchem". Tak więc poezja to z jednej strony wymowna muzyka, a z drugiej strony "fermata ciszy", w czasie której albo dojrzewa znaczenie (instress), albo poeta sygnalizuje, iż zmienia retorykę w kierunku kontemplacji. Mamy zatem w poezji dźwięki, ciszę, przemilczanie (Szymborska), rytm (wybuchowy, Sprung Rhythm jak u Hopkinsa), który często jest niemal najważniejszym środkiem wyrażania językowego, ale także całe sekwencje dźwięków, które wyłaniają się z ciszy, jak u T.S. Eliota, i tworzą muzykę języka. Słowa-dźwięki są żywe, w ciągłym ruchu, "napięte, pękają", ciągłe rozedrgane, nie potrafią "znieruchomieć", jak to ujmuje poeta. Poeta nadaje imiona rzeczom, ale stale pozostawia coś, co nie zostanie nigdy nazwane, co ukrywa sie w cieniu ciszy metafory, pozostaje niedopowiedziane lub całkiem niewypowiedziane. Słowa-dźwięki giną w mrokach refleksji i kontemplacji i dlatego medytacje Hopkinsa wedle "ćwiczeń duchowych" Ignacego Loyoli nabierają znaczenia jako rezultat przemyślenia w ciszy. Cisza i pamięć łączą sie ze sobą, gdy nieobecność dźwięku otwiera głębokie pokłady przypominania i owocuje poetyckim wyznaniem. U Hopkinsa cisza zostaje "wypowiedziana" poprzez "niesłyszalny glos muzyki duchowej". Ów moment w biografii poety zbiega się z przejściem od ciszy do dźwięku, swoistej konwersji nie tylko ku wierze, ale nade wszystko w sztuce tworzenia, gdy przerywa ciszę, by skomponować największe swe dzieło "Katastrofa statku Deutschland". W finale pozostaje jednak cisza, pożegnanie z dźwiękiem przy "przejściu zapory" (Tennyson), gdy dźwięk zamiera (diminuendo) i poeta może usłyszeć głos Ciszy. 
PL
Dźwięk powiązany z przestrzenią i czasem towarzyszy człowiekowi od zawsze. Odgłosy natury i cywilizacji, które towarzyszą codziennym obowiązkom, oraz muzyka, która może mieć moc łagodzenia obyczajów – to wrażenia słuchowe tak mocno związane z naszym życiem, iż przestają być zauważalne. Dźwięk kształtuje otoczenie, środowisko, a także nas samych. Turystyka trwale związana jest z dźwiękiem. Istnieje wiele rodzajów turystyki, która opiera się na dźwięku. Turystyka festiwalowa, religijna, obserwacja ptaków czy podróże po całym świecie w celu poznawania innych kultur, folkloru – to elementy, które kreuje, a także inspiruje, jako efekt wtórny dźwięk. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych wśród respondentów o wykształceniu muzycznym oraz wśród przyszłych touroperatorów. Podstawowym celem badań była próba ustalenia, czym dla ankietowanych jest dźwięk w aktywności turystycznej, a także jak kojarzony jest z turystyką oraz z produktem turystycznym. Realizacja badań pozwoliła na określenie dwóch perspektyw odniesienia – muzycznej oraz turystycznej. Owe badania były swoistą konfrontacją osób pojmujących dźwięk w turystyce w sposób stricte muzykologiczny z respondentami nastawionymi przede wszystkim na turystykę i rekreację.
EN
Sound connected with space and time has been accompanying a man since the beginning of mankind. Noises of nature and civilization which accompany our daily activities, and music which is said to have the power of making people more benevolent towards each other – are auditory impressions so strongly connected with our lives that they have become imperceptible. Sound shapes our surroundings and environment, and also ourselves. Tourism has been abidingly connected with sound. There are many types of tourism which are based on sound. Festival tourism, religious tourism, bird watching or traveling around the world in order to become familiar with different cultures and folklore – are all the elements which are created and also inspired by sound as secondary effect. Tourism product and sound are the elements which are very close to each other due to the fact that they create one inextricable symbiosis providing us with recreation, strength recovery, as well as aesthetic experiences. This paper presents the results of study conducted among the respondents with music education and prospective tour operators. The main objective of the research was the attempt to determine what sound in tourism activity is for the respondents, and how it is associated with tourism and with tourism product. Completion of the study made it possible to determine two reference perspectives – music and tourist. This research is also a specific confrontation of individuals understanding sound in tourism in a stricte musicological way, with the respondents who are primarily oriented towards tourism and recreation.
EN
Taking up the problem of climate change, Nicholas Mirzoef, in his book How to See the World, argued that we should make it less abstract and that we need a new mode of visual thinking, adequate to the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene can also be heard and the anthropogenic impacts can have an audible dimension as well. This article provides reasons for using sounds as a medium communicating the ongoing changes and lays out different kinds of sound representations of the anthropocene demonstrated by practitioners and theoreticians of acoustic ecology and sound artists (B. Krause, D. Dunn). Recordings of the environment and works by sound artists are given consideration with respect to their affective potential, their ability to influence us and our emotions, to shape a more responsible attitude to the environment that we inhabit together with the nonhuman agents.
EN
The meaning of music exceeds the mere acoustic noise. Liturgy clarifies that fact. Focusing aesthetic modes music is considered as defined by the ancient Greek term musiké, back then the union of movement/dance, sound, poetry. As performance musiké correlates with liturgy (performance as well) in a special way. The bodily and transcendent dimensions of musiké arise in liturgy – something performative, i.e. evolving from doing. Liturgy and music are connected with bodily presence (incarnation) and movement – the fundament of life. Both corporal actions and expressive dance in liturgy exist as a form of musiké. Using the example of resonance, listening, polyaisthesis, time/space it becomes apparent that musiké is movens, confronting us with the alien, carrying us to foreign spaces. Leiturgía is a specific aesthetic site where church music opens peculiar the human dimension of musiké. Our society is in need of such places.
EN
The main objective of the article is to present the soundscape study as long-range fora geography. It was necessary to use several methodological approaches. The humanistic approach, the most important among them, stresses the subjective meanings and values and the significance of individual experience in a particular place. Academic achievements in the field of acoustic ecology in Poland were presented. Finally, applications of soundscape studies were pointed out. Researches on soundscape are the example of crossing boundaries. Soundscape is a promising subject of research in geography and spatial planning.
PL
Celem badań, których wyniki przedstawiono w artykule było rozpoznanie roli krajobrazów dźwiękowych w studiach geograficznych. Nawiązano do podejścia humanistycznego (głównie fenomenologiczne), akcentującego potrzebę badania świata takiego, jaki jest postrzegany przez ludzi, czyli konkretów codziennego życia. Przedstawiono dorobek naukowy ekologii akustycznej w Polsce. Na koniec wskazano zastosowania studiów krajobrazu dźwiękowego. Badania krajobrazu dźwiękowego są przykładem przekraczania granic poznania w geografii. Jest to perspektywiczny kierunek badawczy w geografii i planowaniu przestrzennym. 
EN
The article concerns about the sonosphere in M. Lermontov’s works. The earlier poet’s epistolary legacy, in which the main ways of sound perception are reflected, is analyzed. It is noted that in Lermontov’s literary works this perception became the foundation of a distinct theme in lyrics and paradigm of motifs which appeared in his poems (Sounds, Yest rechi — znachenye). The phonic world of the poem Demon is described in detail (1841 edition). The types of Demon’s and Tamara’s sonospheres which by means of phonic images diversify the main conflict are defined; the artistic functions of the musical images are brought to light.
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