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Ewolucja tradycyjnych wyznaczników polityki zagranicznej Francji w okresie V Republiki

100%
Jaworski K.
Myśl Ekonomiczna i Polityczna
|
2011
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issue 3(34)
88-116
EN
Analyzing the evolution of traditional determinants of the French foreign policy, one can state that the greatest change in the period of the Fifth Republic is related to Paris involvement in the European integration process. It is confirmed by an analysis of all the other determinants discussed in the presented article. Their evolution was motivated by the progress of the European integration process. French perception of sovereignty and independence is mainly affected by a division of competence between various levels of power (regions, countries, supranational bodies), which changed along with subsequent EU treaty reforms. State security issues to an increasingly large degree are being discussed at the EU level within the developing European Defense and Security Policy and border protection policy. France tried to impose its power ambitions onto Europe by promoting the concept of Europe-puissance. Persistence of the étatisme tradition in the French foreign policy was increasingly subjected to France’s effectiveness in forcing through French ideas on the further development of the Common Market. Colonial heritage of the Fifth Republic’s foreign policy manifests itself in propagating southern dimension of the EU neighborhood policy. The European Union that affirms the role of human rights and offers humanitarian and development aid is indeed an extension of French universalist ambitions. Egalitarianism reflected itself in the French contribution to the EU budget where France’s payments were larger than the amount of money obtained from it in the end. Finally, the opposite elitist legacy manifested itself constantly in France’s desire to remain not only in the mainstream of the European integration, but also in its attempts to shape it as one of the EU leading countries, while not excluding institutional arrangements enabling more differentiated integration of uniting Europe. The above mentioned examples prove that despite discontent with regard to progress and trends in the development of the European integration, often voiced in France, it is of utmost importance for that country. France is contributing to the functioning of its diplomacy while taking advantage of new possibilities and financial or institutional instruments that the EU membership guarantees. This factor, in return, contributes to gradual shift of the French foreign policy through the change of its determinants. One can find out how strong and irreversible this tendency is while observing the struggles being made with the negative impact of the economic crisis and global challenges piling up in front of Europe.
2
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Problémy svrchovanosti a nezávislosti miniaturního státu na příkladu Monackého knížectví

80%
Malenovský J.
Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)
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2019
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vol. 158
|
issue 2
141-162
EN
The article analyses successively the Principality of Monaco’s statehood in general international law; the manifestations and consequences of clashes between the Prince’s and people’s sovereignty; restrictions on the exercise of sovereign rights imposed in the past on the Principality by bilateral treaties with France which have constitutional rank in the Monegasque legal order; the constitutional and international legal context of Monaco’s integration into international institutions and organizations, first of all into the Council of Europe; the European Union dimension of Monaco’s statehood. The article scrutinizes various specificities of this statehood, which are corollary to exceptionally small parameters of the Monegasque state, among others, the concept of the Monegasque “nation” and of its right to self-determination, the unbalanced distribution of rights and obligations set down by Monaco’s bilateral treaties with France, or the phenomenon of the French law “vector” through which the Union law enters into the Monegasque law, however, the Principality being not able to control effectively this process.
CS
Článek postupně analyzuje státnost Monackého knížectví v obecném mezinárodním právu; projevy a důsledky střetů knížecí suverenity se svrchovaností lidu; omezení při výkonu svrchovaných práv uložená vminulosti Knížectví bilaterálními smlouvami s Francií, jež mají vMonaku ústavní sílu; ústavní amezinárodněprávní souvislosti integrace Monaka do mezinárodních institucí a organizací, zejména do Rady Evropy, a unijní rozměr monacké státnosti. Článek poukazuje na všemožné zvláštnosti této státnosti, jejichž příčinou jsou výjimečně miniaturní parametry monackého státu, ať už jde o pojem „monackého národa“, jeho práva na sebeurčení, nevyvážené distribuce práv a povinností ve smlouvách Monaka s Francií, nebo „nosiče“ francouzského práva, jímž do Monaka vstupuje unijní právo, aniž by Knížectví mohlo tento proces účinně regulovat.
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