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Therapeutic possibilities of botulinum toxin in neurological disorders – treatment of limb spasticity in the course of brain damage

100%
Przemysław Nowak P., Luiza Balicka-Adamik L., Katarzyna Stybel K.
European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
|
2019
|
issue 3
256-261
EN
Introduction. Botulinum toxin is produced by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The sporulation form of the C. botulinum is widely found in the environment (in soil) and may develop in inappropriately stored food. The symptoms of poisoning occur 18-36 hours after consumption of contaminated food. Aim. The aim of this study is to present the benefits of using botulinum toxin in the treatment of spasticity of the upper and lower limbs in both adults and children. Material and methods. A literature review of the following databases was carried out: PubMed, UpToDate. Results. Botulinum toxin interferes with neural transmission by blocking the release of acetylcholine and causes muscle paralysis. The typical symptoms are diplopia, xerostomia, enteroparesis, speaking and swallowing disorders, as well as paralysis of respiratory muscles which leads to death. However, botulinum toxin is also a very potent medication. The biggest application is found in the field of neurology, inter alia, in the treatment of spasticity. Conclusion. The study provides current evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin injection for spasticity of the upper and lower limbs. Botulinum toxin injections are applicable in the treatment of many neurological disorders and the list of indications will certainly become wider.
2

ПОКАЗНИКИ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО СТАНУ ВЕРХНІХ КІНЦІВОК У ДІТЕЙ ІЗ ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНИМ ПАРАЛІЧЕМ

63%
Кукса Н., Литвиненко В.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
|
2016
|
issue 3(57)
181-190
EN
The article presents the results of the functional state of the upper limbs study of children aged 5-10 with spastic forms of cerebral paralysis. Such methods were used: pedagogical observation, goniometry, carpal dynamometry, modified Ashworth scale of muscle spasticity. The study involved 58 children aged 5–10 with spastic forms of cerebral paralysis: spastic diplegia, tetraparesis, hemiparesis. The pedagogical observation was conducted during the regime moments and education of children in a rehabilitation center. According to the results of the pedagogical observation 96,6 % of children revealed the presence of characteristic pathological installation of the upper limbs in upright posture. Discoordination hand movements during the substantive action was observed among all children; severe deficiency of fine motor skills – in 67,3 %. 93 % of the children had pathological synkinesis. Explicit imitation synkineses is observed in hemiparetic form of cerebral paralysis. Most children with hemiparesis tended to ignore the affected limb during the bimanual manipulation. The nature and degree of lesion of upper limbs of the children with cerebral paralysis vary widely. The study of joints mobility of upper limbs has ascertained a decrease of the amplitude predominantly active movements, especially in the elbow and wrist joints. The indicators of passive mobility were not significantly different from the norm. The average spasticity of the upper limbs was 2,2±0,3 on a 4-point scale Ashworth. As a result of carpal dynamometry of preschool children the muscle strength of the right hand was below the norm by 42,7 %, of the left hand - by 48,1%. Children of primary school age - respectively 33 % and 29,6 %. The lowest indicators were recorded among the children with hemiparesis in the study of the affected limb. The results of the study ascertained the disorders of the functional state of upper limbs of all children with spastic forms of cerebral paralysis. The most pronounced manifestation of the syndrome of motor disorders is observed among the children with spastic diplegia and hemiparesis moderate. The results are close to the data presented in the scientific papers by other scientists. Prospects of further scientific studies are to find new approaches to improve the correction-pedagogical activity and rehabilitation of the children with cerebral paralysis.
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