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EN
Climate changes have been observed in Poland the recent decades and more pronounced climate changes are projected for the future. They impact on the natural and built environment of Poland, which has been shaped by both circulation of energy and matter, typical for moderate latitudes, and the properties of the landscape, inherited from the geological past. In the present paper, consequences of climate change (corresponding to model-based projections) for spatial organization of Poland have been reviewed.
EN
This article presents the territorial development of a settlement complex which occurred over a span of time between 1700–1100 BC. In this period we observe a few “settlement episodes” and record the historical development of 25–30 generations of communities within the Trzciniec cultural circle. The site had a complex spatial structure that changed (modified) over time. A number of settlements, cemeteries and single graves were singled out/identified. The model of spatial development of a settlement complex in Polesie is based on the changes in pottery styles, planigraphy analysis and the results of 14C dating. A system defining/specifying the dynamics of settlement changes and the ritual space of the Trzciniec cultural circle in Polesie was created on the basis of this data. The period of use of these particular settlements ranged from 50/150 right up to 600 years. The largest settlement covered an area of ca 1 ha, the smallest 0,3–0,5 ha. The settlement complex in Polesie is unique in comparison to the other sites of the Trzciniec cultural circle. This complex was widespread, consisting of both the settlement and cemetery areas and it continued to be occupied continually for over 660 years
EN
Article present results of analysis of lithics from Late Palaeolithic Hamburgian site Mirkowice 33 located in the eastern part of Greater Poland. Analysis was conduct with the use of refitting method. Results show technological differences in lithic production and spatial structuring of the camp. It also presents the relations between particular zones of the camp and groups of products manufactured by the knappers with different lithic processing skills. Integrated technological and spatial aspects allow to study the social dimension of flint knapping at the site.
EN
The form assumed contemporarily by spatial organization in South and Central America as a network of nodes and spatial linkages represents the outcome for the space of this region of long-acting external influences plus internal conditions that have - at diferent times in diferent ways shaped spatial relationships and the manner in which space in this part of the world is planned. Naturally, the spatial structure of today's economy is influenced further by globalization, with growing competition for access to resources, be these either mineral deposits or agricultural in nature. These impacts ensure that, notwithstanding the widely-voiced opinion on the need to protect nature in areas of the continent supporting moist tropical forests, and in the high Andes, the governments of the diferent countries continue to award concessions allowing corporations of global reach to exploit resources of value that are in demand worldwide. This aggressive “resources race” has its serious consequences with regard to the forms and scope the region's spatial management and organization assume. These processes ought to be regulated by spatial planning, which is thus failing to play its proper role at regional levels. Those researching South America refer without hesitation to the lack of planning and overexploitation of raw materials, with all the serious consequences this has for society, not least with regard to internal migration, expulsions, the impoverishment of groups in society deprived of their land, and so on.
EN
The offered structural going to analyse of problem situations at planning and building of cities, management processes. A methodological tool is based on the model of space (LFXGT). The estimation of the separate measuring and cooperations after the relations of compatibility, coordination, conflict gives anopportunity to systematize problems, carry out the analysis of their development. Verification of the offered methodological tool is carried out on the example of analysis of problem situation and diagnosticating of the state of space of Lviv.
PL
Autor zaproponował użycie strukturalnego podejścia do analizy problematycznych przypadków w projektowaniu urbanistycznym i w procesie kierowania miastem. W tym celu zastosował pięciowymiarowy model przestrzeni zurbanizowanej, który ocenia relacje i współdziałania między wymiarami (L – ludzki, F – funkcji, X – warunków, G – geometryczny i T – czasu). Ocena poszczególnych wymiarów i współdziałań daje możliwość usystematyzowania problemów, określenia analizy przyczyn ich powstania i analizę rozwoju, co w końcowym etapie ułatwi podejmowanie decyzji naprawczych. Zaproponowane narzędzie metodologiczne zastosowano na przykładzie Lwowa.
PL
Na przestrzeni ostatnich dziesięcioleci obserwuje się burzliwy rozwój miast. W wielu miastach Polski, w tym także w Warszawie, proces ten odbywa się w warunkach braku miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Przy podejmowaniu decyzji lokalizacyjnych i wydawaniu pozwoleń na budowę władze lokalnych jednostek administracyjnych kierują się ogólnymi wskazaniami rozwoju miasta zawartymi w studium uwarunkowań i kierunków zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Celem obecnego doniesienia jest przedstawienie, w jakim stopniu projektowane kierunki rozwoju przestrzennego Warszawy mogą wpłynąć na niektóre cechy klimatu miasta, ważne dla jakości życia mieszkańców. Szczególna uwaga zostanie zwrócona na tzw. miejską wyspę ciepła.
EN
The last decades have brought intensive development of urban areas. In many Polish cities, including Warsaw, such development takes place without obligatory local plans. Thus, administrative permission decisions concerning any investment are prepared on the basis of so-called studies of conditions and directions of spatial planning. The aim of the present paper is to discuss how general plans of spatial development in Warsaw can influence some features of its climate which are important for the quality of life of Warsaw citizens. Special attention is paid to Urban Heat Island.
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