First shopping malls were established in the 1930s in the United States, in Western Europe, they appeared in the 1950s, and in Poland - in the 1990s. The creation of shopping malls resulted from suburbanisation processes, development of satellite systems around large cities, growing transport diffi culties connected with getting to downtown centres, as well as with an increasing number of motorist and diversifi cation of consumer needs. First facilities were of service and commercial character, but during their evolution next generations of malls have been developed (form the 1st to the 5th). In Poland, there are over 400 malls (2014). The pace of development of shopping malls in Poland is characterised by the most dynamic growth observed among European countries. It is probably related to limited legal regulations restricting this domain and a considerable interest from investors. Shopping malls have become an inseparable element of modern agglomerations and cities in Poland. The aim of the paper was to identify the types of shopping malls location in Poland and local policy of their development.
Podstawowym celem prezentowanego artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych metod badań przestrzenno-ekonomicznych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem metody Michalskiego (2002). Poszerzenie Unii Europejskiej o nowe kraje to ważna przesłanka dla prowadzenia studiów porównawczych, pozwalających na śledzenie i ocenę konkurencyjności regionów oraz przestrzenne i regionalne zróżnicowania ośrodków wzrostu. Zaprezentowane metody wizualizacji są skromnym wkładem autorów do literatury w tej dziedzinie. Wkład ten polega na zebraniu rodzimych metod, wdrożeniu do badań oraz ich pewnych modyfikacjach. Celem tych metod było zbadanie procesów przestrzennych (w dziedzinach takich, jak: gospodarka, demografia, rolnictwo, jakość życia czy budownictwo) w różnych przekrojach przestrzennych, dla okresu 1990-1992. Istnieje wiele metod badania podobieństwa (niepodobieństwa) struktury regionów. Wszystkie one w sposób zasadniczy zależą od pojęcia struktury. W referacie zostaną przedstawione dwa odmienne podejścia do tego pojęcia i związane z tym miary. Dodatkowo zaprezentowane zostaną różnorodne metody wizualizacji uzyskanych miar.
EN
The main purpose of this paper is to present selected methods of spatial-economic research with a special focus on Michalski's method. The enlargement of the European Union by new countries is an important opportunity to carry out comparative studies, making it possible to analyse and assess the competitiveness of regions as well as spatial and regional diversity of growth centres. The presented visualisation methods are the authors' modest contribution to literature on this subject. This contribution includes collecting domestic methods, their implementation in research and some modifications. The purpose of these methods was to examine spatial processes (in such areas as: economy, demography, agriculture, quality of life or building) in different spatial sections, in the years 19901992. There are many methods of examining similarity (dissimilarity) of regional structures. All of them fundamentally depend on the concept of structure. In this paper, two different approaches of this concept and the relevant measures shall be presented. Furthermore, various methods of visualisation of the obtained measures shall be presented.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.