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EN
The article consists of two sections. In the first part of the article the author discusses the aim and course of the study on the level of mastery by junior high school students their ability to create a coherent monologue, oral statements and the author presents results that indicate that the students do not succeed satisfactory in speaking out. The most difficult point for the tested students was, as it turned out, talking in a comprehensive manner and building con­sistent and orderly expressions. Interestingly, rhetorical aspect was made slightly better. In the second part of the article the author is trying to identify the reasons for poor control of speaking (limited to the factors of school). These include the abuse on Polish language lessons, the usage of heuristic methods, as well as the absence of tasks in textbooks for teaching Polish aiding the improvement of speaking skills.
EN
The present article attempts to analyse the usefulness of oral presentations in developing the students’ ability of expressing themselves in German. The discussion of the above issue concerns not only the advantages of employing oral presentations as an important form of activity during Practical German classes but also the kind of difficulties that students encounter while performing such complex tasks as planning and giving oral presentations in German in front of an audience. On the other hand, from the language teaching perspective, identifying learners’ difficulties in a given area is the first step to overcoming them or at least partly eliminating them. Thus, the present article also includes suggestions for specific classroom activities and tasks that focus on improving the effectiveness of the process of preparing and giving oral presentations in German.
DE
Der vorliegende Artikel dient der Reflexion über die Eignung des Referats zur Entwicklung des mündlichen Ausdrucks im Germanistikstudium. Neben Argumenten für die Berücksichtigung dieser wichtigen Aufgabenform im sprachpraktischen Deutschunterricht, umfasst das genannte Thema auch Schwierigkeiten, auf die Studenten stoßen, die vor einer so komplexen Aufgabe, wie das Vorbereiten und Präsentieren des Referats stehen. Dabei wird das Ansprechen der Schwierigkeiten aus der Perspektive der Didaktik als erster Schritt zu ihrer Beseitigung oder zumindest teilweiser Überwindung angesehen. Daher enthält der Artikel auch Übungs- und Aufgabenvorschläge zur optimalen Vorbereitung und Präsentation des Referats.
EN
In this paper we consider a system of work with a literary text, based on the effective methods of teaching speaking skills to foreign students. Taking into account the importance of literature in the training process of the foreign students-philologists at advanced level as well as its role in the individual development and improvement of communicative skills, we should use not only textbooks, but also adapted additional texts (with a block of tasks and exercises on communication), that belong to different styles of speech, typical for the literary works, and give an opportunity to solve not only the purely linguistic problems of teaching the Russian language on the curriculum, but also affect the intellect, stimulate creative thinking, influence feelings, arouse emotions, improve memory and thus facilitate language learning.
PL
The main goal of this paper is to evaluate recent empirical studiesconducted in the German environment which concern theprocesses of foreign language acquisition by young children intheir early school education. The results of these new studies led tothe development of new teaching strategies based on the interactionbetween the teacher and the young learners. Different aspectsof the studies reported in the paper are now subject to a widespreaddebate and they deserve attention in our educational contextas well, since Polish schools resemble German ones in manyrespects. Therefore, the critical overview presented here can beseen as an inspiration for a new research agenda in the area ofsecond language research and teaching methodology for that agegroup. Moreover, from the practical point of view, it opens newoptions in developing new teaching methods and teaching materialsfor young foreign language learners in Polish schools.
EN
The article is an attempt to answer a question whether writing in a foreign language is a genuine challenge, a support in (educational) everyday reality, or solely a separate activity of secondary importance. Writing in a foreign language is considered here from the perspective of other language skills, followed by an analysis of a questionnaire conducted among students of School of German examining the importance and level of difficulty attached by them to individual skills.
EN
The article discusses the difficulties of diagnosing speaking skills in the situation of matriculation examination, resulting from the specific nature of spoken language varieties and texts implementation in these variants. Factors that should be taken into account when formulating criteria for assessing speech and conversation exams are: complex and holistic structure of spoken speech, transience of audible text, the spontaneity of live speech, the power of nonverbal codes, a significant stigma of a dialog, and the influence of situational context on the course of communicative interaction. The analysis of speaking skills assessment tools prepared for the oral ex­amination in the year 2015 revealed that some of them had a significant impact on the criteria developed for this purpose.
EN
For pre-service students who have no professional experience, business English course books might become one of the main sources of information on how the corporate world communicates in English. Business English course books also provide students with an insight into the participation of men and women in international labour markets, as well as female and male positions on the corporate ladder. However, course books may understate the enormous variation in style and language which exists in the world of international business. They might also present a ‘false’ picture of gender roles in the labour market. The article presents results of an analysis of the sections developing oral communication in selected business English course books, with regard to speaking skills and their transferability across various speakers, branches of industry, national and corporate cultures, the variety(ies) of English students are taught, as well as female and male positions in the world of international business.
PL
Dla osób, które uczą się języka angielskiego na lektoratach w szkołach wyższych i które nie posiadają doświadczenia zawodowego, podręczniki do języka angielskiego biznesowego mogą stać się jednym z głównych źródeł pokazujących w jaki sposób świat biznesu i korporacji międzynarodowych komunikuje się po angielsku. Podręczniki do języka angielskiego pokazują również uczącym się tego języka, jak wygląda sytuacja zawodowa kobiet i mężczyzn na międzynarodowych rynkach pracy i jakie pozycje zajmują kobiety i mężczyźni na szczeblach hierarchii korporacyjnej. Należy pamiętać jednak, że podręczniki do języka angielskiego biznesowego nie pokazują pełnego zróżnicowania językowego tak charakterystycznego dla międzynarodowego świata biznesu. Podręczniki te również pokazują nie do końca prawdziwy obraz mężczyzn i kobiet na rynku pracy. Artykuł prezentuje wyniki analizy ćwiczeń rozwijających sprawność mówienia w wybranych podręcznikach do języka angielskiego biznesowego na poziomie średniozaawansowanym wyższym pod kątem ćwiczonych umiejętności (np. negocjowanie, small talk, cold calling, itd.), komunikacji formalnej i nieformalnej, rodzajów języka angielskiego (np. język angielski brytyjski, język angielski amerykański, itd.), oraz ról kobiet i mężczyzn w międzynarodowym świecie biznesu. Na końcu artykułu znajdują się wskazówki pedagogiczne, których celem jest pokazanie, jak należy pracować ze studentami szkół wyższych korzystającymi z podręczników do języka angielskiego biznesowego, tak aby obraz świata biznesowego kształtujący się trakcie lektoratów był jak najbardziej wierny rzeczywistości.
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