Search results

1

Синтактико-семантические особенности русских и словацких языковых афоризмов

100%

Gallo J.

Studia Rossica Posnaniensia

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2020

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vol. 45

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issue 2

EN

The article compares/contrasts the syntactic and semantic features of language aphorisms in Russian and Slovak. The Russian and Slovak language aphorisms have a priori axiological modality and are capable of referemental use, as potential acts of motivation and acts of affirmation. The expediency of this analysis is due to the fact that the illocutionary force has national and cultural specifics, which is manifested at all levels of language, speech and discourse. The object of the article is Russian and Slovak proverbs, sayings and winged expressions, in which the value bases of interpersonal speech communication are focused. A group of examples of the greatest illocutionary force is given, i.e. speech acts of prompting, then affirmative speech acts, as well as speech acts of inducement and affirmations that acquire additional illocutionary power. The taxonomy of the illocutionary force contained in Russian and Slovak folk aphorisms takes the following outlines: a) the most illocutionary power is speech acts of motivation, in which proverbs are used; b) affirmative speech and behavioral acts, which are evaluative aphorisms, have the status of passing thoughts with a light touch of lax edification, warning, or wish, and therefore, their illocutionary force is less pronounced; c) speech acts of inducement and affirmation acquire additional illocutionary force if the proverbs used in them retain the connotation of an authoritative original source. In the last part of the text, conclusions of the presented issue are drawn.

2

Dialoge als Sequenzen von Sprechakten unter besonderer Beachtung der illokutiven Partikeln

92%

Laskowski M.

Germanica Wratislaviensia

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2014

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vol. 139

213 - 227

EN

Present-day German is notorious for its extensive use of particles of all kinds. This paper discusses a very important linguistic problem of dialogues as sequences of speech acts with special consideration of the illocutive particles. The article deals with speech particles that can be used by the Speaker to govern the Hearer’s understanding of the speech. The aim of the paper is to join in the discussion about the role of particles in the speech acts and their direct correlation in the dialogues.

3

'DAS LEBEN (DES MC) IST KRIEG':EINBETTUNGEN EINER KONZEPTUELLEN METAPHER DES TEXTGENRES ‘RAP’ IN ZWEI DIVERGIERENDE KULTURELLE KONTEXTE

92%

Schröder U.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

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2010

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vol. 2

219-256

EN

This paper focuses on the differences in the use of the conceptual metaphor (RAPPER’S) LIFE IS WAR in German and Brazilian rap lyrics based on the analysis of 150 German and 150 Brazilian rap lyrics. The results reveal crucial differences concerning the mapping of the adversary in both corpora. We will also show that the differences point to divergent discourse contexts, speech act types and speech functions in which each cultural rap style is embedded.

4

Kоммуникативные партии персонажей и заботы нарратора в семиотике художественной прозы

92%

Мечковская Н., Казанкова Е.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2010

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vol. 1

447-475

EN

Communicative party of literature character is created in direct speech by succession (chain) of speech acts differentiated by their illocutionary forces – such as intention to inform, to impel to do something, to express feelings and so on. Paradigmatic and syntagmatic investigations of communicative parties (relations between the direct speech and the author’s speech; communicative and logical completeness or incompleteness of dialogs and polylogs; the variety of speech acts, their quantitative hierarchy in communicative parties of different literature characters and so on) gives good opportunities to understand as well literature characters as well the reflection speech communication in fiction communication (that is also impotent for the general ontology of speech act in reality).

5

‘I Bet They Are Going to Read It’: Reported Direct Speech in Titles of Research Papers in Linguistic Pragmatics

81%

Pułaczewska H.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2009

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vol. 5

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issue 2

271-291

EN

Titles of research articles in the humanities, including linguistics, tend to be more creative and less informative than corresponding titles in exact sciences or medicine. In linguistics, pragmatic studies are an area where reported discourse, i.e. direct speech in the form of a full speech act, occurs relatively frequently in titles of research papers. This paper analyses the metonymic and cataphoric relations between such titles and article texts on the background of the functions of text titles. It also presents the results of a survey conducted among graduate students and aimed at finding out whether titles containing reported discourse in the form of speech acts are easier to memorize and attract more attention among the articles' potential readers.

6

Why Can a Japanese Unagi-Sentence Be Used in a Request?

81%

Hirotoshi Y.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2009

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vol. 5

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issue 2

227-240

EN

The objective of this paper is to reveal why the so-called Unagi-sentence in Japanese can be widely used in the context of request within the framework of cognitive linguistics and cognitive pragmatics. The Unagi-sentence, which is known as a representative sentence of the Japanese language, has been analyzed for years in various manners from various viewpoints. For instance, the sentence "Boku-wa Unagi-da" when literally translated into English reads I am an eel. One of the most influential reasons for this sentence being regarded as characteristic to Japanese seems to be the clear difference in the sense in that the literally translated version in English means the identification between I and an eel, whereas the Unagi-sentence in Japanese indicates who orders the eel dish or sometimes requests the waiter to put a proper dish in a proper place. This thesis discusses the schematic meaning of the "X-wa Y-da" pattern in Japanese; further, it discusses the tendency for the Japanese language, unlike English, to depend more heavily on contextual information when the construed mental images are encoded. Through the discussion, I will reveal that the study of the Unagi-sentence from the viewpoint of cognitive linguistics sheds a new light on the contrastive studies in the field of pragmatics.

7

Wilt Thou Be Lord of all the World? Modals and Persuasion in Shakespeare

81%

Nakayasu M.

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia

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2014

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vol. 49

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issue 1

5-30

EN

Persuasion is defined as human communication designed to influence the judgements and actions of others (Simons & Jones 2011). The purpose of this research is to analyse the discourse of persuasion in Shakespeare from the perspective of historical pragmatics (Jucker & Taavitsainen 2010), with particular attention to modals employed as part of the strategies. The modals under investigation are proximal and distal central modals, SHALL/SHOULD, WILL/WOULD, CAN/COULD, MAY/MIGHT, MUST, and the contracted form ’LL. The data for the present study is drawn from The Riverside Shakespeare (Evans 1997) and the concordance by Spevack (1968-1980). The corpus includes both cases where the persuasion attempt is successful and unsuccessful. After defining persuasion in comparison to speech acts, quantitative analysis reveals how frequently the persuader and the persuadee employ a modal regarding each type of modality and speech act. Further analysis shows in what manner the persuader and the persuadee interact with each other in discourse resorting to the following strategies: modality, proximal and distal meanings of the modal, speech act of each utterance including a modal, and use of the same modal or switching modals in interaction. This research thus clarifies how effectively speakers attempted to persuade others in interactions, shedding light on communication mechanisms in the past.

8

Rada jako narzędzie perswazji w projekcie dydaktycznym O wychowaniu dzieci uchodźców Juliusza Jedlińskiego

81%

Pałucka-Czerniak I.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2015

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vol. 22

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issue 2

129-142

PL

The article presents the use of a simple genre of advice in a teaching project from the nineteenth century. The publication which is the subject of the analysis is by Julius Jedliński, and refers to the Polish national school called L’École polonaise des Batignolles in Paris. This document certifies that emigres discussed the value of the Polish language as a determinant of Polish identity. Effective ways of teaching the children of immigrants Polish language and culture were sought. The author of the publication presented the concept of changes in the school curriculum. As a means of persuasion he primarily used advice. The reception of the proposal by Jedliński was not favourable. The analysis of responses reveals transformations in the basic block of communicative intentions of the advice, which is interpreted as an order, complaint, or even a threat. On this basis, the attention is drawn to the importance of the communicative context in the interpretation of advice. As a result of the public nature of an act of speech and the extension of the audience while maintaining the desired recipient, the decisiveness of any advice is increased and a modification of a simple genre takes place.

9

Imperativeness in between Grammatical Givens and Communicative Politeness

80%

Palašić N., Zbašnik T.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2017

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issue 13

PL

The paper focuses on the relation between imperatives and imperativeness, that is, between the imperative as a grammatical mood with a defined form and its assigned function, on the one hand, and imperativeness as a communicative value that can manifest itself through different morphosyntactic forms, on the other. In this sense, the function of imperatives is analysed in the context of the theory of speech acts. The analysis reveals that different imperative forms can be classified as different types of speech acts based on their various communicative roles. The theory of politeness dictates that directness, which is a basic feature of imperatives, should be avoided in polite communication. This is why we also focus on other morphosyntactic forms whose form indicates a reduced level of directness, but whose content still has the characteristics of imperatives.

10

Czary nad kołyską. Magia słowa w kołysance ludowej i lirycznym wierszu kołysankowym

80%

Stefaniak-Maślanka B.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2012

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issue 3

159-171

EN

The article focuses on some examples of magic in traditional folk lullabies and lyrical lullabies for children. The aforementioned types of genre should invoke child’s sleep by using special words or melody. On the other hand, traditional lullabies were used to protect children or bring them health and happiness. To accomplish this, the singer often called some „higher being” for help. In the article that kind of speech acts are considered as magical behavior. The second part of the text discusses use of language, character of content and some special procedures in lyrical lullabies, that can be called „magical”. This kind of magic is, however, created by lullaby authors, who practice it as an intentional method to „do things with words”.

11

Zdravý rozum u Berkeleyho a Austina podle Marka Tomečka

70%

Mihálik J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2018

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vol. 66

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issue 1

EN

In this review study I investigate an interpretation of Berkeley’s concept of common sense which has been recently advanced by Marek Tomeček. In his view, Berkeley understands common sense as a collection of beliefs held by the common man. Common sense, however, has to remain implicit, and is thus an ineffable standard by which philosophical systems can be assessed. The missing argument for the implicitness of common sense is found by Tomeček in Austin. I make a case for the view that the interpretation presented would be more convincing if its author informed us why we should reject the interpretation of Petr Glombíček, according to which Berkeley understood common sense in traditional terms as rationality. Moreover, the argument for the implicitness of common sense, which Tomeček finds in Austin, is not convincing, as I attempt to show, because it is not clear why a speech act that is unsuccessful from the illocutionary point of view may not yet express a meaningful proposition.

12

Speech acts and the autonomy of linguistic pragmatics

70%

Witczak-Plisiecka I.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2009

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vol. 5

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issue 1

85-106

EN

This paper comments on selected problems of the definition of linguistic pragmatics with a focus on notions associated with speech act theory in the tradition of John Langshaw Austin. In more detail it concentrates on the (ir)relevance of the use of the Austinian categorisation into locution, illocution, and perlocution in locating a divide in between pragmatics and semantics, and especially the distinction between the locutionary act and the illocutionary act and its implications for the definition of pragmatics and its separation from the semantic theory.The relation between form and meaning is further briefly reviewed against dichotomies including the Gricean and neo-Gricean ‘what is said’ versus ‘what is implicated’ or meant, between what can be ‘locuted’, but not said, and what can be said, but not asserted. These dichotomies are related to the theoretical commitments as to the accepted operative forces in speech acts, primarily convention and intention. It is suggested that, roughly, the development of the speech act theory can be viewed as a process by which the theory moves away from its originally sociolinguistic orientation towards a more psychologistic account, which in turn leads towards diminishing the role of (traditional) semantics and the subsequent juxtaposition of pragmatics and syntax rather than pragmatics and semantics.

13

Pragmatic Ambiguity: The Thetic Function of Modality

70%

Conte A., Di Lucia P.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2009

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vol. 5

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issue 2

191-199

EN

The aim of this paper is to present an overview of the pragmatic aspects of ambiguity present in deontic sentences, which may have three pragmatic functions: a prescriptive or a descriptive or a constitutive function. This type of ambiguity is investigated on the lexical, phrasal, and sentential level. The discussion focuses on the deontic constructions of the German verb sollen and the English shall as they are used in legal texts. It also includes comments on the thetic function of the Latin imperative mood and the subjunctive mood.

14

Internalism and Externalism in Speech Act Theory

70%

Harnish R.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2009

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vol. 5

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issue 1

9-31

EN

Internalism (Frege; Searle) and externalism (Putnam 1975; Burge 1979) are related doctrines in the philosophy of language and mind, mostly centered on the role of reference in the individuation of propositions. This debate has recently been extended in speech act theory from content to force. But here the landscape becomes more complicated. It has been recently argued that speech act theory got off the track after Austin by internalizing Austin's "felicity" conditions. In reply it is noted that the issue of internalism and externalism is more nuanced-there are internal and external elements in many theories, and a preliminary categorization is attempted here. Furthermore, internalism also has its virtues, which are largely overlooked, and we attempt to redress that imbalance.

15

How to do things with jokes: Speech acts in standup comedy

70%

Aarons D., Mierowsky M.

The European Journal of Humour Research

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2017

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vol. 5

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issue 4

EN

How to do things with jokes: Speech acts in standup comedyIn How to Do Things with Words (1962), the philosopher John Austin claimed that we use words to do things in the world, not merely to express a state of affairs. This proposal introduced speech acts, and essentially initiated the study of linguistic pragmatics. Speech acts in everyday communication include persuading, apologizing, criticizing, humiliating, complimenting and a host of other intended behaviours. Austin accentuated the idea of speaker intention, on one hand, and hearer’s response to that intention if successfully conveyed, on the other. We consider some of the speech acts used in the work of selected standup comedians to analyse the way they determine the relationship of performer and audience. We argue that there is a reciprocal relationship between the licensing of certain speech acts in standup comedy, and the success of these speech acts in shaping the social lives of the audience. We show that this relationship is at the forefront of standup comedy’s social impact and that it can generate heightened consciousness of the social and political environment of the time. Finally, we consider the question of whether socially critical standup can have any noticeable effect on the attitudes or behaviour of both live and digitally mediated audiences.

16

Прагматика второго лица

70%

Kiklewicz A.

Acta Neophilologica

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2020

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vol. XXII/1

5-30

EN

The author considers the correlation between grammar and pragmatics as a problem of functional linguistics. The discussion focuses on pragmatic restrictions concerning the use of grammatical forms, i.e., the extent to which the grammatical meaning corresponds to the characteristics of speech acts. In this respect, the author analyzes Russian imperfective verbs in the second person of indicative. The analysis of the material collected from the Internet corpus of the Russian language demonstrates that the verbs in the 2nd person form are rarely used to implement the representative (assertive) speech acts. However, the use of verbs of the 2nd person in the general-personal, indefinite-personal and in the meaning of the 1st person is very common. The author concludes that the pragmatic-cultural factor is decisive in limiting the use of the verbs in the 2nd person form.

17

Akademickie akty immatrykulacji i inauguracji ze stanowiska komunikologii ogólnej

70%

Grucza F.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2016

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vol. 5

191-226

EN

The main goal of the essay is to discuss and elaborate on the communicative aspects of academic matriculation and inauguration ceremonies that take place at Polish universities. The word inauguration (lat. inauguratio) implies a ceremonial induction into something. Still, in Polish, it is very commonly used with an adjective ‘solemn’ or ‘ceremonious’ to mark the character of the official and ceremonial first day of the academic year. What is more, the ceremony is almost always organized in accordance with a commonly accepted prototypical program which divides the ceremony into two parts: the primary – traditional part and the additional – supplementary part. The careful analysis of the ceremony from the perspective of communication studies and communicology can shed a new light on the interpretation of the importance of such events. According to various representatives and supporters of the theory of speech acts, the ceremonies can be described as specific acts of communication that can be considered as perlocution acts. The author of the essay tries to elaborate on the understanding of the ceremonies from a broader sociological, communicological perspective.

18

Sprachliche Besonderheiten der modernen deutschsprachigen E-Mail-Kommunikation

58%

Gorpennikova J.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2019

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issue 15

81–88

DE

Der Beitrag zielt darauf ab, die Formen der Entschuldigung in der deutschen Sprachkultur zu analysieren. Es werden Definitionen der Entschuldigung in deutscher Sprache geprüft. Wir untersuchen die sprachlichen Eigenschaften der Entschuldigung und geben ihr Diapason. Die am häufigsten verwendeten Beispiele für Entschuldigungen werden in der Studie angegeben. Die Nutzungsstatik von Entschuldigung und Verzeihung wird dort zur Verfügung gestellt; überdies wird die Verwendung der Entschuldigung in der deutschen Sprachkultur erklärt.

EN

The article aims at learning the apology in the German linguoculture. The definitions of the apology in the German language are examined there. We study the linguistic properties of the apology and give their diapason. The commonly used examples of apologies are given in the article. The usage static of Entschuldigung and Verzeihung is provided there; the usage of the apology in the German linguoculture is explained in the article.

19

Narrativity discovered and narrativity uncovered : narration and narrativisation in related political discourse

58%

Smith S.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2019

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vol. 80

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issue 2

83-104

EN

This paper provides fresh insights about media representations of political debates as highly agonistic environments, and in addition about narratively related (reported) speech as a transformative technique favoured by journalists to report on televised political debates in the next day’s newspaper. In doing so it also demonstrates a method (using the discourse analysis software Prospéro) for detecting and analysing formulaic semantico-discursive phrases that recur in large textual corpuses. Following a theoretical approach rooted in the ideas of polyphony and narrativisation as an act of translation, it describes two formulas with a strong narrative and argumentative dimension, X udělal B, když řekl A (In saying A, X did B) and Jak X řekl, … (As X said, …). I show how both are deployed to support the reporter’s rendition of the debates as ongoing argumentative contests, the first to “uncover” the drama behind what was said, the second to project a mission or scenario “discovered” in the words of an authority. A reporter who uses the phrase In saying A, X did B is performing narrativisation, whereas one who uses the phrase As X said, … is performing critical or apologetic co-narration.

CS

Studie nabízí nový pohled jednak na mediální reprezentaci politické debaty jako prostředí vysoce agonistického, jednak na narativně reprodukovanou řeč jako oblíbenou transformační techniku novinářů píšících o nedělních televizních politických debatách pro pondělní noviny. Zároveň představuje metodu detekce a analýzy sémanticko-diskurzivních řečových formulí ve velkých textových korpusech (pomocí diskurzněanalytického softwaru Prospéro). Studie vychází teoreticky z pojmů vícehlasí a narativizace chápané jako proces překladu, v němž se řečové akty proměňují v narativní fragmenty. Analýza se soustředí na dvě formule se silnou narativní i argumentační dimenzí: ‚X udělal B, když řekl A‘ a ‚Jak X řekl, …‘ Ukazuje, jak jsou obě formule používány, aby podpořily referujícím nabízenou verzi debaty jako pokračující soutěže argumentů: první „odhaluje“ v citovaných slovech dramatičnost, druhá předkládá misi nebo scénář, jež referující v citovaných slovech „objevuje“. Použije-li novinář formuli ‚X udělal B, když řekl A‘, citovanou událost narativizuje, zatímco použije-li formuli ‚Jak X řekl, …‘, účastní se kritické nebo apologetické ko-narace.

FR

Ce texte apporte un nouveau regard à la fois sur les représentations médiatiques des débats politiques vus comme des environnements hautement agonistiques, mais aussi sur le discours dit narrativisé en tant que technique de transformation en faveur chez les journalistes pour relater des débats télévisés dans les quotidiens du lendemain. Ce faisant, il établit également la démonstration d’une méthode (à l’aide du programme Prospéro) pour détecter et analyser des formules sémantico-discursives dans de grands corpus textuels. Partant d’un cadre théorique ancré dans les idées de la polyphonie et de la narrativisation comme acte de traduction, l’article prend deux formules comportant une forte dimension tant narrative que argumentative: ‹ X udělal B , když řekl A › (En disant A, X a fait B) et ‹ Jak X řekl, … › (Comme l’a dit X, …). Je montre comment celles-ci sont déployées pour soutenir des restitutions des débats construites par le journaliste comme des duels argumentatifs, la première afin de « dévoiler » le drame derrière ce qui a été dit, la deuxième afin de projeter une mission ou un scénario « découvert » dans les mots d’une autorité. Si un journaliste qui utilise la tournure ‹ En disant A, X a fait B › effectue une narrativisation, celui qui emploie ‹ Comme l’a dit X, … › réalise une co-narration critique ou apologétique.

20

Speech Act Theory and the Study of Argumentation

58%

Henkemans A. F. S.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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2014

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vol. 36

|

issue 1

41-58

EN

:In this paper, the influence of speech act theory and Grice’s the- ory of conversational implicature on the study of argumentation is discussed. First, the role that pragmatic insights play in van Eemeren and Grootendorst’s pragma-dialectical theory of argumentation and Jackson and Jacobs’ conver- sational approach to argumentation is described. Next, a number of examples of recent work by argumentation scholars is presented in which insights from speech act theory play a prominent role.

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Синтактико-семантические особенности русских и словацких языковых афоризмов

Dialoge als Sequenzen von Sprechakten unter besonderer Beachtung der illokutiven Partikeln

'DAS LEBEN (DES MC) IST KRIEG':EINBETTUNGEN EINER KONZEPTUELLEN METAPHER DES TEXTGENRES ‘RAP’ IN ZWEI DIVERGIERENDE KULTURELLE KONTEXTE

Kоммуникативные партии персонажей и заботы нарратора в семиотике художественной прозы

‘I Bet They Are Going to Read It’: Reported Direct Speech in Titles of Research Papers in Linguistic Pragmatics

Why Can a Japanese Unagi-Sentence Be Used in a Request?

Wilt Thou Be Lord of all the World? Modals and Persuasion in Shakespeare

Rada jako narzędzie perswazji w projekcie dydaktycznym O wychowaniu dzieci uchodźców Juliusza Jedlińskiego

Imperativeness in between Grammatical Givens and Communicative Politeness

Czary nad kołyską. Magia słowa w kołysance ludowej i lirycznym wierszu kołysankowym

Zdravý rozum u Berkeleyho a Austina podle Marka Tomečka

Speech acts and the autonomy of linguistic pragmatics

Pragmatic Ambiguity: The Thetic Function of Modality

Internalism and Externalism in Speech Act Theory

How to do things with jokes: Speech acts in standup comedy

Прагматика второго лица

Akademickie akty immatrykulacji i inauguracji ze stanowiska komunikologii ogólnej

Sprachliche Besonderheiten der modernen deutschsprachigen E-Mail-Kommunikation

Narrativity discovered and narrativity uncovered : narration and narrativisation in related political discourse

Speech Act Theory and the Study of Argumentation