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A missing chain? On the sociolinguistics of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

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Danylenko A.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2017
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vol. 41
EN
A missing chain? On the sociolinguistics of the Grand Duchy of LithuaniaThe article critically assesses the theory of communicative networks and its applicability in the study of multilingualism as found in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL). The author analyzes foundations for postulating the existence of a speech community in the GDL and adduces counterarguments against viewing this community as a linguistic alliance of the Balkan type. The article offers new sociolinguistic and areal-typological methods of the study of language contacts. The author substantiates a systematic approach toward the problem of the ethnic attribution of Ruthenian. Based on the literary, linguistic, and cultural parameters, the author offers to drop the term ‘Old (Middle) Belarusian’ or ‘Old (Middle) Ukrainian’ in reference to this language. Brakujące ogniwo? Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie w świetle socjolingwistykiW artykule poddano krytycznej analizie teorię sieci komunikacyjnych i jej zastosowanie w badaniach nad wielojęzycznością na terenie Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego (dalej WKL). Autor rozpatruje podstawy zarówno postulowania istnienia wspólnoty językowej w WKL, jak i kontrargumenty przemawiające przeciwko postrzeganiu tej wspólnoty jako sojuszu językowego na wzór bałkański. Artykuł podaje nowe metody socjolingwistyczne i przestrzenno-typologiczne w badaniach kontaktu języków. Autor uzasadnia systemiczne podejście do zagadnienia etnicznej atrybucji języka rusińskiego. Na podstawie wskazań literaturoznawczych, językoznawczych i kulturowych postuluje zaniechanie posługiwania się w odniesieniu do tego języka terminami ‘staro-(średnio-) białoruski’ lub ‘staro-(średnio-)ukraiński’.
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Watered Down Essences and Elusive Speech Communities: Two Objection Against Putnam's Twin Earth Argument

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Hensel W. M., Uniwersytet w Białymstoku
Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris
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2017
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vol. 38 (3)
EN
The paper presents two objections against Putnam’s Twin Earth argument, which was intended to secure semantic externalism. I first claim that Putnam’s reasoning rests on two assumptions and then try to show why these assumptions are contentious. The first objection is that, given what we know about science, it is unlikely that there are any natural-kind terms whose extension is codetermined by a small set of microstructures required by Putnam’s indexical account of extension determination. The second objection is that there may not be a plausible concept of a speech community whose adoption would classify Oscar and Twin Oscar as members of different speech communities and, at the same time, render Oscar and Twin Oscar as being in the same psychological state. I contend that Putnam’s argument fails because both objections are justified.
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