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Fonetická realizace slovního přízvuku u delších slov v češtině

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Skarnitzl R.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2018
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vol. 79
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issue 3
199-216
EN
This study addresses the fragmentation of existing attempts at identifying the correlates of lexical stress in Czech. Its objective is therefore to thoroughly examine all commonly used correlates of prominence from the melodic, dynamic and temporal domain, as well as those of vowel quality, in three speaking styles. To evaluate various factors, we applied linear mixed effects models (LME). The results show that the stressed syllable in Czech does not manifest prominence in any of the examined domains – it is not higher, stronger, or longer. In comparison with previous studies, the analyses indicate only a weak tendency toward post-stress melodic rise. It is clear that as a language with fixed stress which does not serve a contrastive function, Czech does not require distinctive prominence marking. One interesting result of the study is the documented lengthening of word-final vowels, even within prosodic phrases, which may contribute to discontinuities between adjacent stress groups and which also has repercussions for the naturalness of speech synthesis.
2
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Kolik kmitů má české r?

100%
Machač P.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2017
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vol. 100
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issue 1
1-17
EN
As far as the number of tongue vibration cycles of the Czech /r/ is concerned, there is a considerable difference between traditional descriptions (mostly 1-3 r-cycles) and natural speech (almost always only one r-cycle). The data in this article, based on a modest investigation of texts read by both amateurs and professional actors, confirm an absolute prevalence of one-r-cycle pronunciation in present-day Czech. This article also comments on the term "trill" and on related points of confusion in speech therapy.
3
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OFFERING SHIFTS TO CASUAL LANGUAGE (‘BAN-MAL’) IN THE KOREAN TV SHOW "WE GOT MARRIED"

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BAŠTANOVÁ KWAK Y.
International Journal of Korean Humanities and Social Sciences
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2020
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vol. 6
37-55
PL
Niniejszy artykuł skupia się na przekształceniach koreańskiego stylu wypowiedzi z uprzejmego na swobodny pomiędzy kobietami i mężczyznami znajdującymi się w związkach romantycznych. W badaniu wykorzystano dane z koreańskiego reality show „We Got Married”, nadawanego w Korei przez okres 9 lat. Po wprowadzeniu zagadnienia systemu koreańskich stylów mowy i sposobu ich zmiany, Autorka analizuje stanowisko osoby inicjującej styl mowy oraz sposób i konwencję zmiany. Z analizy wynika, że w przypadku związków o charakterze romantycznym to starsze osoby częściej występowały z propozycją zmiany stylu mowy. W programie telewizyjnym starsze kobiety wykazywały tendencję do okazywania chęci wprowadzenia tej zmiany za pomocą środków pośrednich, podczas gdy starsi mężczyźni stosowali środki bezpośrednie. Propozycje, najczęściej wyrażone zwrotami: ‘porzućmy zwroty grzecznościowe’ i ‘mów swobodnie’, mogą być zakomunikowane w sposób uprzejmy lub swobodny, z nagłą zmianą stylu. Podczas rozmów zaobserwowano dwa rodzaje sugestii zmiany: zmianę symetryczną i zmianę asymetryczną. W pierwszym przypadku jeden z mówców sugeruje zmianę stylu mowy dla obu stron. Drugi rodzaj ma więcej odmian: jeden mówca prosi drugiego o przyzwolenie na używanie swobodnego języka, zezwala drugiemu na jego używanie, lub też to jeden z mówców decyduje o użyciu swobodnego języka. W grupie kontrolnej częściej występowały zmiany symetryczne.
EN
This research focuses on the topic of Korean speech style shifts from polite to casual between men and women in romantic relationships. This study used data from the Korean reality TV show "We Got Married", which was broadcast in Korea for 9 years. After reviewing the system of Korean speech styles and manners of shifts, the study explores who is the first one to offer a shift, what they say, and how an offer is given. According to the analysis, older people were more likely to offer shifts first in the case of romantic relationships. In the TV show, older women tended to offer first a little more through indirect means, while older men offered rather directly. As for expressions used in the offers, the phrase ‘drop the honorifics’ and ‘talk comfortably’ were the most frequently used. They might offer in either polite or casual language, with sudden shifts. However, it was more common for speakers to offer shifts while talking in polite language. During conversations, two types of offers were observed: symmetrical shifts and asymmetrical shifts. In the first type, one speaker suggests shifts from both sides. The second type has more variations: one speaker requests the other’s permission to use casual language, allows the other to use casual language, or shows the speaker’s decision to use casual language. In the samples, symmetrical shifts occurred more often.
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