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EN
The aim of the present article is to describe the folk etiology of eye diseases as well as a presentation of the verbal methods found in Russian folk culture for its cure. The research material encompasses collections of Russian folk spells together with ethnographical works on Slavonic folk medicine. The researched material showed that within the magical formulas utilised in the case of eye diseases (inflammation, sties etc.) various verbal strategies were employed; for example ones causing the driving away or destruction of the disease, requests to intermediaries as well as other approaches.
EN
The aim of the present work is a presentation of Russian folk magical practices connected with the running of a home. The first part of the article reflects on the significance of the home (it symbolism) in Eastern Slavonic culture as well as belief in the magical powers of the spirits protecting the homestead. The second part of the article analyses pragmatically the spells from the group домоведческие и хозяйственные заговоры [domestic and household spells]. The characterised material shows that the verbal magical interaction was based first and foremost on the use of an arousal strategy, being the categorical significance of the imperative mood.
EN
The article is exposing some results of the study in bee-keepers’ spell as a featuring trait of Ukrainians’ world-view practice; the present research is the first work of such a kind in the home ethnology. The spell belongs to that sort of ritual text that might be characterized by a vivid and most active speech with its fully evident magical strength. Spell as a genre of folklore refers to peculiar items owing to its archaic nature as well as to utilitarian functionalism, especially verbal destination, unity of sacral and profane articulation. The world-view ground of spell has been always heterogeneous as that originated and developed through the ages  with  fixing  so  prime  of  human world-consciousness  as  historically  later  (Christian) epistemological and axiological picture of the reality. In the paper the bee-keepers’ spell has been  considered  because  of  its  religious  and magical  contents  that  has  quite  significant spread so in everyday bee-keeping practice (occasional aspect), as in the contents of yearly religious  festivals  (the  calendar  one).  The  aim  of  bee-keepers’  spell  has   been  getting a concrete practical result, i.e. successful functioning of apiary. 
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2022
|
vol. 113
|
issue 1
117-130
PL
Artykuł jest wnikliwym opisem demonstracji organizowanych w różnych miastach w Polsce przez Strajk Kobiet w końcu 2020 roku i na początku roku 2021 jako zjawiska kulturowego. Owe demonstracje i manifestacje miały charakter widowiska, spektaklu i posługiwały się językiem, który był krytykowany w dyskursie publicznym związanym tym wydarzeniem – przede wszystkim przez komentatorów negujących założenia protestów (telewizja publiczna, prasa prawicowa). Wykorzystywane w demonstracjach hasła oraz komunikacyjny aspekt protestów wprowadziły istotne przegrupowania w taksonomii kulturowej i komunikacji publicznej. Użycie haseł o charakterze wulgaryzmów, przekleństw, formuł postulatywnych i życzeniowych służyło symbolicznemu wykluczeniu aktualnej władzy politycznej, która niedługo przed protestami Strajku Kobiet wprowadziła do prawa polskiego faktyczny zakaz aborcji. Komunikacyjnie i semiotycznie aspekty demonstracji można włączyć w porządek kultury wernakularnej, gdyż realizują one przypisane jej cechy oraz właściwości. Analiza funkcjonowania protestów została przeprowadzona za pomocą narzędzi semiotycznych i metodologii stosowanej w socjologii komunikowania publicznego.
EN
The article is an insightful description of demonstrations organised in many Polish cities by Strajk Kobiet (All-Poland Women’s Strike) at the end of the year 2020 and at the beginning of 2021 viewed as a cultural phenomenon. The demonstrations and manifestations were shows and performances in their nature, and made use of the language that was severely criticised in political discourse connected with these events, primarily by the commentators who negated the assumptions of the protests (public television, right-wing press). The use of the slogan in the demonstrations and communicative aspect of the protests brought about substantial groupings cultural taxonomy and public communication. Using slogans of vulgar character, swear-words as well as postulate and wish formulas aimed at a symbolic exclusion of the present political power that shortly before the protests of Strajk Kobiet (All-Poland Women’s Strike) introduced to the Polish law a complete ban of abortion. Communicative and semiotic aspects of demonstrations can be included into the order of vernacular culture as they retain the features and properties attached to it. The analysis of the protests was carried out with semiotic tools and the methodology applied to public communication sociology.
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