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1
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Teoforyczne znaczenia terminu „spiritus” w "Adversus Praxean" Tertuliana

100%
Szram M.
Vox Patrum
|
2006
|
vol. 49
633-639
FR
L’article examine les differentes significations du mot spiritus dans la terminologie theologique latine de la fin du IIe siecle, d’apres l’Adversus Praxean, ouvrage antimonarchianiste de Tertullien. Spiritus ou Spiritus Dei signifie, pour notre auteur, non seulement la nature divine des trois personnes de la Trinite, mais aussi le Fils.
2
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Interpretacja terminu „psyche” w Piśmie Świętym i w teologii

85%
Liszka P.
Teologia w Polsce
|
2013
|
issue 2
45-61
PL
Wśród terminów antropologicznych psyche zajmuje miejsce szczególne. Po odejściu od metafizyki, w sytuacji zorganizowanego wyciszania refleksji chrześcijańskich, w powszechnej świadomości, a nawet w naukach humanistycznych (psychologia) pozostaje termin psyche, aczkolwiek już bez aspektu transcendentnego. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest słowo psyche, odpowiadająca mu rzeczywistość służy jedynie do wyjaśnienia sensu tego słowa. Refleksja nad rzeczywistością, która wymaga doboru zestawu nazw, aby można było o niej mówić, stanowi temat odrębnego opracowania. W każdym razie słowo samo w sobie jest umowne, neutralne, nie wskazuje na jakiś konkret w sposób automatyczny
EN
Among anthropological terms, the term psyche occupies a special place. After the movement away from metaphysics, in the situation of the organized drowning of Christian reflection, in the general awareness , and even in the humanities (psychology) remains the term psyche, although with no transcendental aspect any more. The object of this paper is the word, while the reality serves only to explain its sense. Another thing is a reflection on the reality, which requires the selection of a set of names, in order to be able to speak about it. A word in itself is conventional, neutral, it does not point to a concrete thing automatically.In the history of the human thought this term has played an important role, has been the object of multiple reflections and has served to express essential truths linked to the ontic structure of the human being and to its existence. Its semantic field used to be identified on one hand with the meaning scope of the terms corresponding to it in other languages as well s of other terms in the same language. A historical analysis, which in a paper can be only sketchy and general, permits to notice that a mingling thinking is not consistent with the actual state of affairs. We are facing a semantic richness, an isolation of characteristic features of individual terms. Each term has its own stem as well as nearer and further peripheries which to a smaller or higher degree have a common part with the neighborhood of the stem of the other terms. This is how the situation with the semantic field of the term psyche is.
3
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Interpretacja terminu "psyche" w Piśmie Świętym i w teologii

80%
Liszka P.
Teologia w Polsce
|
2013
|
vol. 7
|
issue 2
45-61
EN
Among anthropological terms, the term psyche occupies a special place. After the movement away from metaphysics, in the situation of the organized drowning of Christian reflection, in the general awareness , and even in the humanities (psychology) remains the term psyche, although with no transcendental aspect any more. The object of this paper is the word, while the reality serves only to explain its sense. Another thing is a reflection on the reality, which requires the selection of a set of names, in order to be able to speak about it. A word in itself is conventional, neutral, it does not point to a concrete thing automatically. In the history of the human thought this term has played an important role, has been the object of multiple reflections and has served to express essential truths linked to the ontic structure of the human being and to its existence. Its semantic field used to be identified on one hand with the meaning scope of the terms corresponding to it in other languages as well s of other terms in the same language. A historical analysis, which in a paper can be only sketchy and general, permits to notice that a mingling thinking is not consistent with the actual state of affairs. We are facing a semantic richness, an isolation of characteristic features of individual terms. Each term has its own stem as well as nearer and further peripheries which to a smaller or higher degree have a common part with the neighborhood of the stem of the other terms. This is how the situation with the semantic field of the term psyche is.
PL
Wśród terminów antropologicznych psyche zajmuje miejsce szczególne. Po odejściu od metafizyki, w sytuacji zorganizowanego wyciszania refleksji chrześcijańskich, w powszechnej świadomości, a nawet w naukach humanistycznych (psychologia) pozostaje termin psyche, aczkolwiek już bez aspektu transcendentnego. Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest słowo psyche, odpowiadająca mu rzeczywistość służy jedynie do wyjaśnienia sensu tego słowa. Refleksja nad rzeczywistością, która wymaga doboru zestawu nazw, aby można było o niej mówić, stanowi temat odrębnego opracowania. W każdym razie słowo samo w sobie jest umowne, neutralne, nie wskazuje na jakiś konkret w sposób automatyczny.
4
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Anima, Spiritus, Mens in Sepulchral Inscriptions from the Carmina Latina Epigraphica. Philological Approximations

80%
Gacia T.
Verbum Vitae
|
2022
|
vol. 40
|
issue 3
675-690
EN
The subject of this study is the meaning of the words anima, spiritus and mens in the metrical sepulchral inscriptions in the Carmina Latina Epigraphica collection published at the end of the 19th century by Franz Buecheler. This collection comprises almost 1,900 texts, of which around 1,400 are funerary and, particularly, sepulchral inscriptions. This article consists of three sections. The first contains general comments on Roman sepulchral inscriptions. The second, and most important part uses a conventional philological method to analyze the words in the source texts that denote the immaterial aspect of the human being that continues after death. The analysis of the texts reveals that the word anima occurs about 80 times, spiritus – 20, and mens only three times. These three words stand for what is usually expressed by the word “soul,” that is, the spiritual, immaterial aspect of the human being. Conclusions are presented gradually as the analytical compilation proceeds. Firstly, there is no semantic difference between anima and spiritus; although the word animus which is close to the three words discussed in this paper does not occur in this sense in the inscriptions. Secondly, both pagan and Christian inscriptions emphasize the dichotomy between anima or spiritus and corpus or caro (alternatively membra); some Christian inscriptions, pointing to this dichotomy, express belief in the resurrection. Thirdly, despite the difference in beliefs, Roman worshipers and Christians used very similar patterns of statements about the posthumous fate of the soul, for example, astra tenent animam, astra fovent animam, anima migravit ad astra or spiritus astra tenet, spiritus petit ad astra, mens caeli perget ad astra, which means that the Christian funerary language did not develop its distinct terminology for several centuries. The third section is a very brief summary of the study carried out.
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