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The use of prothetic /v/ by older speakers in Prague

100%
Chromý J.
Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics
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2015
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vol. 51
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issue 2
203-225
EN
The aim of this paper is to analyze linguistic factors which influence the usage of prothetic /v/ in speech of older speakers in Prague. The analysis is based on informal 1 hour long interviews with 17 speakers (9 women, 8 men) from Prague aged between 60 and 71 years. All of the speakers were born in Prague and they lived there for most of their lives. Altogether, there are 2769 occurrences of the variable (v): 538 /Ø/ and 2231 /v/. It can be seen that the speakers in the sample prefer using the prothetic /v/. Based on a generalized linear mixed model, we show that the use of (v) is influenced by word frequency, presence of a prefix and borrowedness of the word. Other variables do not fit in the model. If compared with older data by Jančák (1974) and the recent data on younger speakers from Prague by Chromý (2015), it can be seen that there is a change in progress in the use of (v) in Prague and that the prothetic /v/ seems to be on slow decline.
2
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Nesystémové syntaktické konstrukce v mluvené češtině

89%
Zeman J.
Stylistyka
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2017
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vol. 26
183-191
EN
The article is oriented towards a presentation of some specific aspects of spoken Czech. It deals with the classification and identification of non-systematic syntactic constructions used in spontaneous spoken texts. Their occurrence is caused by a lack of concentration, control or knowledge. These non-structure syntactic structures include anacoluthon, fronted sentence element, and hysteron proteron, etc
3
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Syntax mluvené češtiny: kondenzance

87%
Zeman J.
Stylistyka
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2016
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vol. 25
467-474
EN
The article is oriented towards the presentation of some specific aspects of Czech spoken syntax, namely condensation. The material upon which the features of the syntactic structures and the manner of dividing the dialogue into various units are demonstrated consists of authentic informal conversations.
4
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K možnostem stylistického hodnocení jazykových prostředků v mluvených projevech učitelů základních škol

63%
Jindráček V.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2020
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vol. 81
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issue 1
31-64
EN
In the present study, the author seeks to explore features peculiar to spoken language in Czech schools. For this purpose, the system of stylistic classification of linguistic items proposed by J. Homoláč and K. Mrázková is used. This system is based on an understanding of the Czech language situation as consisting of two basic sets of communicative situations: (1) everyday communication and (2) the realization of higher communicative aims. Data for the present study comprised 31 audio-recordings of classes in grades 6–9 conducted in Czech schools: the participants were 4 teachers and their pupils (aged 11–15). This material was described using the following criteria: (1) everyday communication or institutional communication, (2) the position of the linguistic item on the axis of high, medium and low style, (3) expressiveness of the linguistic item, (4) typically Bohemian or Moravian use. The analysis shows that the stylistic classification of linguistic items in these spoken texts should reflect criteria derived from the description of communication situations rather than their link to structural varieties of Czech (Standard Czech or Common Czech).
5
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Korpusový výzkum mluveného jazyka na příkladu češtiny a angličtiny: současný stav

63%
Čermáková A., Kopřivová M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2018
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vol. 79
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issue 3
217-240
EN
The article aims to review corpus-based research on spoken language, emphasizing issues in description and conceptualization of the grammar of spoken language in relation to the grammar of written language. The review first briefly looks at the development of spoken corpora, from simply transcribed corpora without sound alignment to today’s sophisticated multi-modal corpora. The main part of the article deals with issues concerning the metalanguage for the description of spoken language, the choice of its basic descriptive unit, the status of basic linguistic categories such as part-of-speech, and typical lexical and grammatical devices. The existing extensive research on spoken English is reviewed and in line with it, illustrative examples based on Czech spoken corpora are provided. These are further contrasted with examples from written data to enhance the inherent differences between spoken and written language and the need to adjust the metalanguage of the description.
6
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Srovnání mluvených korpusů : skutečně jen odlišná hlediska?

63%
Křen M., Waclawičová M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2019
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vol. 80
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issue 2
128-139
EN
Recently, more attention has been paid to the issues of corpus design and representativeness. These issues are especially important for general-purpose language corpora such as the spoken corpora developed within the framework of the Czech National Corpus. This text is a response to Jan Chromý’s paper “Comparison of spoken corpora from a sociolinguistic perspective” (Slovo a slovesnost 78, 2017: 145-158), in which the author compares the general-purpose spoken corpus ORAL2013 with his own dataset collected for the SAUP project. We argue that some of his claims are not justified by the findings presented in the paper and that his understanding of the concept of representativeness is rather misleading. Therefore, we aim to clarify some fundamental design decisions adopted for the compilation of ORAL2013 by responding to the specific objections raised by Chromý. We also point out some methodological and reasoning inconsistencies in his paper.
7
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„Malá slova“ a jejich podíl na stylu mluvených projevů

62%
Hoffmannová J.
Stylistyka
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2017
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vol. 26
155-171
EN
In contrast to written language, spoken utterances evince a much higher incidence of deictics, indefinite and pseudo-demonstrative pronouns, contact particles (phatic expressions), specific conjunctions and other connectives, interjections, fillers and hesitation sounds. Corpus-based data should make it possible to attempt a new typology of such expressions (of a broad category of “discourse markers”), independent of the traditional categorization of the parts of speech. The research of spoken Czech syntax must take into account these groups of lexical means that are innate to spoken discourse, i.e. this important area where lexis and syntax meet. Such words as the Czech jako, teda, jakoe, jakoby seem to be semantically vague or empty, but they have a special effect on the connectedness and cohesion of spoken discourse. Moreover, the syntax of spoken discourse has to be investigated in terms of its dialogic and processual nature, inevitably respecting the relationships between utterances and dialogue turns; that is why special attention must be given to “small words” employed at the beginning or end of various types of turns. Their participation in the turn-taking mechanismus, as well as other functions, demonstrates that the “small words” in most cases cannot be regarded as redundant expressions, and that they contribute to the style of spoken discourse.
8
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Si představ, by mě zajímalo, ti to ukážu: Jednoslabičné začátky syntaktických segmentů v mluvené češtině

51%
Hoffmannová J., Richterová O.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2015
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vol. 97
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issue 1
9-20
EN
The paper deals with a phenomenon frequently encountered in the syntax of spoken Czech, namely one-syllable words, mostly of pronominal or verbal nature (se, si, sem, ste, sme, mě, mi, mu, tě, ti, bych, bys, by…) at the beginning of syntactic segments. At this stage, the analysis focuses on three forms: by, si, ti. The authors address the issue of the difficult identification of segment boundaries, including the influence of turn-taking in dialogue. The data was taken from the ORAL2013 corpus; the paper further looks into the usefulness of this corpus for the investigation of dialogue syntax, its query options and the possible interpretation of the presented evidence. The results have shown so far that the one-syllable beginnings in question are based on the elision of certain, mostly pronominal, expressions, or less frequently on word-order inversion. Furthermore, to a certain extent, they correlate with selected non-verbal discourse phenomena (longer pauses, silence, laughter), with syntactic phenomena (repetitions, corrections, parentheses, aposiopesis, etc.) and also with speaker turn-taking and topic change.
9
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Výzkum syntaxe mluvené češtiny: inventarizace problémů

51%
Hoffmannová J., Zeman J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2017
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vol. 78
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issue 1
45-66
EN
Until now, Czech grammars have focused primarily on the syntax of written texts, paying little attention to spoken discourse. In the present article, the authors have sought to a) explore the existing works on syntax to identify references to features peculiar to spoken Czech (normally classified as “deviations from regular sentence patterns”); b) complement them with findings of Czech dialectologists; and c) expand the context to include results of the few authors who consistently explore spoken Czech and its syntax (particularly O. Müllerová and M. Hirschová). The inventory of features so far identified as peculiar to spoken syntax includes, among other things, syntactic units appended after a point of syntactic completion, parentheses, corrections, reported speech, the free dative etc. In addition to syntax, some of the features belong to the lexical-syntactic level (conjunctions, particles, phatic expressions), while others concern hypersyntax (the proportion of parataxis, hypotaxis and juxtaposition). The syntax of spoken Czech is to be understood as a syntax of utterances and turns (not of sentences); it has to be investigated in terms of its dialogic and processual nature, with a clear orientation to the sound form of syntactic structures and to the role of non-verbal means of communication.
10
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Mluvená syntax v Naší řeči

51%
Zeman J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2017
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vol. 100
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issue 3
114-120
EN
The article focuses on the presentation of some specific aspects of Czech spoken syntax. It draws attention to several methodological problems accompanying research of this kind. It is based on articles published in the journal Naše řeč.
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