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EN
Activities belonging to ambush marketing (parasite marketing) are more and more widely undertaken with regard to subsequent, huge sports events. Therefore, this article analyzes the scope of using this form of promotion in the period that preceded the 2012 European Football Championship. A reference has been made to Poland – a country which was a co-host of the championship. On the Polish market, owners of many brands performed actions that aimed at “stealing” image effects which should be achieved only by official sponsors who support such huge tournament (which is considered to be one of the three greatest sports events all around the world – apart from the Summer Olympic Games and the Football World Cup). The article has two objectives. First, it describes a concept of promoting selected brands (based on relation to the EURO 2012), identifying the scope of using ambush marketing forms in relation to Polish consumers. Second, it presents results of research which illustrates differences in conceiving the brands of both official sponsors and those – to whom one can attribute a name of ambushers.
EN
The third sector is the civic sector, which consists of entities most often called NGOs, but in addition to this definition, there are also several names: social organizations, non-profit organizations, voluntary organizations, civic organizations. The purpose of this article is to show the role of image managing and the directions of sport clubs development. The article will be based on research conducted on sports fans in terms of their attitude to the clubs and the importance of their image in the decision to purchase services and sports products. In addition, model-based solutions for the influence of the image on the functioning of sports clubs and the influence of external factors on this image will be presented. For the harmonious development of a sports organization in the local community, it is necessary to have a positive image, and any negative image-related phenomena negatively affect the basic activity of the club. The basic hypothesis assumes that there are constant factors that are the core of the sports club’s image and image-related factors resulting from the current image management. The result is a partial image management model in a sports club.
PL
Trzeci sektor to sektor obywatelski, na który składają się podmioty nazywane najczęściej organizacjami pozarządowymi, jednakże obok tego określenia funkcjonuje jeszcze kilka nazw: organizacje społeczne, organizacje non-profit, organizacje wolontarystyczne, organizacje obywatelskie. Celem artykułu jest pokazanie roli zarządzania wizerunkiem oraz kierunków rozwoju klubów sportowych w zakresie tego zarządzania. Podstawą jego będą badania własne przeprowadzone na kibicach sportowych pod kątem ich stosunku do klubów oraz znaczenia ich wizerunku w decyzjach zakupu usług i produktów sportowych. Poza tym podane w nim zostaną modelowe rozwiązania dotyczące wpływu wizerunku na funkcjonowanie klubów sportowych oraz wpływ czynników zewnętrznych na ten wizerunek. Dla harmonijnego rozwoju organizacji sportowej w społeczności lokalnej konieczny jest jej pozytywny wizerunek, a wszelkie negatywne zjawiska wizerunkowe negatywnie wpływają na podstawową działalność klubu. Podstawowa hipoteza zakłada, że istnieją stałe czynniki, będące rdzeniem wizerunku klubu sportowego oraz czynniki wizerunkowe wynikające z bieżącego zarządzania wizerunkiem. Wynikiem badań jest cząstkowy model zarządzania wizerunkiem w klubie sportowym.
EN
The article focuses on the essence of pro-social activities in the area of environmental care. The first part of the article presents the essence and outline of CSR activities. In the methodological part, the diagnosis was made using a case study. The subject of the research was the English club Forest Green Rovers, which is considered to be the most ecological club in the world. The exploratory cognitive goal at work is to identify the differences between clubs in Poland and the English club Forest Green Rovers. The utilitarian goal is to spread awareness of the social role that the club should fulfill. Both its current activities aimed at increasing interest in topics in the field of ecology, as well as plans for the future were presented. The last part of the article also includes management implications for Polish football clubs.
PL
Artykuł skupia się na istocie działań prospołecznych w obszarze troski o środowisko. W pierwszej części przedstawiono istotę oraz zarys działań CSR. W części metodycznej dokonano rozpoznania za pomocą studium przypadku. Podmiotem badań był angielski klub Forest Green Rovers F.C., który uchodzi za najbardziej ekologiczny klub piłkarski na świecie. Głównym celem artykułu było pokazanie działań, jakie podejmuje klub Forest Green Rovers na rzecz środowiska naturalnego. Eksploracyjnym celem poznawczym opracowania stało się wskazanie różnic pomiędzy klubami w Polsce a angielskim klubem Forest Green Rovers, natomiast celem utylitarnym – zwiększenie świadomości o roli społecznej klubu piłkarskiego. Przedstawione zostały zarówno jego obecne działania na rzecz wzrostu zainteresowania tematami z obszaru ekologii, jak i plany na przyszłość. W ostatniej części artykułu znalazły się również implikacje zarządcze dla polskich klubów piłkarskich.
PL
Celem badań była identyfikacja oczekiwań firm warunkujących podjęcie i utrzymywanie współpracy sponsorskiej z klubami sportowymi. Badania miały charakter pilotażowy. Do zgromadzenia danych wykorzystano kwestionariusz ankiety, który skierowano do zarządzających firmami będącymi sponsorami w trzech klubach sportowych. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły na wskazanie preferowanych przez podmioty gospodarcze kierunków współpracy sponsorskiej w zakresie: (1) rodzaju działalności, (2) przeznaczenia przekazywanych środków, (3) udziału sponsorów w ich kontroli oraz (4) zasad komunikacji. Zgromadzone i przedstawione w pracy informacje pozwalają na optymalizację ofert kierowanych przez kluby do firm oraz mogą zostać wykorzystane do kształtowanie pozytywnych obustronnych relacji. Wnioski i spostrzeżenia, jakie zostały sformułowane na podstawie dokonanych analiz mogą także posłużyć do skuteczniejszego osiągania celów przez obie strony zaangażowane w sponsoring oraz utrzymywania długotrwałej współpracy
XX
The aim of the work was to identify the expectations of business entities which determine their willingness to take up and sustain sponsorship cooperation with sports clubs. The research was a pilot study. Data were collected with the use of a questionnaire. It was completed by the managers of companies sponsoring three sports clubs. The obtained results made it possible to indicate directions of sponsorship cooperation preferred by business entities, i.e. (1) form of activity, (2) allocation of resources, (3) participation of sponsors in financial audit and (4) rules of communication. The information collected and presented in this work makes it possible to optimise offers submitted to companies by clubs and may be used to shape positive mutual relations. Conclusions and observations made on the basis of the analyses may also be used by both sides engaged in sponsorship to achieve goals more efficiently and to sustain long-term cooperation.
EN
The current study revolves around research in sport consumption motivations exploring Nationality and Gender difference across fan motivations to watch sports in a way similar to Kwon and Trail (2001) in Indian context, a subject neglected until now. Data was collected from 260 respondents from India’s largest Private University. Findings reveal Group Affiliation as the most important motivation followed by Eustress (entertainment), Aesthetics, and Self-Esteem. Betting on sports was found as the least preferred motivation. Findings revealed Nationality having a significant impact on Group Affiliation and Aesthetics while Gender has a significant impact on Group Affiliation, Eustress as well as on level of identification with sport. These findings have implications for sports marketers of different sporting events involved in marketing of sports related activities to enhance their marketing practices. The results of the current study are of interest for physical education departments of large private Universities which can use them to promote their sports events at a large scale. The last section of the study discusses the results in detail followed by directions for future research.
EN
Modern sport, besides its based functions, more often consolidates with the word of politics and the economy of different countries. Special interest makes the great events of international importance, such as the Olympic Games, the largest, most expensive, most organizationally complicated and watched almost all over the world. These kind of events has most of all clear economic aspect. They require huge financial funds, bringing poten-tially considerable profit for the institutions involved. In Poland, the first sport event as the first huge event was organized together with Ukraine UEFA European Football Champion-ship UEFA Euro 2012, which awoke hopes for the calculated economic profits for the coun-try and cities organizing particular events (matches) belonging to the Euro. Is this event has paid off ? By the 2008 all Olympic games and sports events of international importance made profits. However, most of profits from the events goes to international organizations such as UEFA. Organizing major sports events can have its negatives. Knowledge of the problems in this area is the object of interest to researches, practitioners and authorities. The common mistakes involved overinvestment of sports facilities rarely used later in sports.
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