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EN
From 2013 to 2014 Poland exported arms and military equipment that is worth approximately €336-395 million. There were several hundred transactions during a year. Considering the worth of the exported arms and equipment, the majority of exports consisted of aircraft, ammunition and equipment. In addition, Polish small arms and light weapons enjoy an excellent reputation abroad and therefore they also sold well. This results, among other things, from multilateral international cooperation within the framework of joint projects, and from the industry consolidation. The main end-users of these weapons were the USA, Algeria and Turkey. Considering the arms and military equipment exports from the international perspective, much better results than Poland’s are achieved (when analysing various factors) by Germany, Switzerland, the Czech Republic or Sweden. However, the coming years should bring about improvement of Polish exports, as arms and equipment will be exported by a corporate group, i.e. the Polish Armaments Group. This might strengthen Poland’s 10th position in Europe among exporter companies on the defence market. As well as traditional products, there appear new space and satellite technologies, which will allow Poland to widen the circle of foreign clients and to establish wider cooperation.
EN
The aim of this paper is to compare the technical support system for basic armoured equipment already used by the Polish Land Forces with the new, purchased equipment, and to adapt this system to current conditions and needs. The discussion particularly concerns the tank Leopard 2 A4/A5, whose maintainability and vulnerability under repair stems from a different, non-post-Soviet, armoured equipment engineering design philosophy. The use of the abovementioned equipment triggers changes regarding the organization and personnel structure of technical maintenance units on each procedural and instructional level of command.
PL
Already at the begining of indepedence, a conviction was formed at the top of the military hierrachy of the Second Polish Republic that the equipment of the army should be based on native production. The idea was accepted as a sort of an axiom, and was realized consistenly, although with some flexibility. In the second half of the 1939s., negative consequences of such an armament policy were becoming more and more visible. In many cases, Polish design offices turned out to be incapable of keeping up with world leaders, and the process of implementing foreign licenses and startind up a production on their basis was too slow. in spite of the worsening international situation, the decision of launching an  intervention purchase of modern equipment abroad was postponed until the middke of March 1939. Negotiatons concerning armament loans that began in May 1939 in London and paris turned out to be delayed - the final agreements were signed on 2nd and 18th August 1939. They made it possible to make  the most urgent purchases, however, the equipment that was immeditately dispatched did not manage to reach Poland before the end of the September Campaign of 1939. The tragic end demonstrares the dramatic character of the decision with which the constructors of the armament policy of the Second Polish Republic were faced. The strategic conditions in which the policy had to develop did not provide any fully rational solutions to their dilemmas.
PL
Stan bezpieczeństwa Polski stanowi pochodną rangi, jaką zarówno w bliskiej, jak i odległej perspektywie, nadają obronności władze państwa. Po zmianie systemu politycznego, bezpieczeństwo kraju uległo radykalnej zmianie. Polska została członkiem NATO i Unii Europejskiej, co wpłynęło na zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa. Celem artykułu jest analiza eksportu uzbrojenia w latach 2013–2018 jako czynnik budowania bezpieczeństwa militarnego. Bezpieczeństwo militarne obejmuje różne działania w obszarze bezpieczeństwa narodowego, w szczególności w zakresie przeciwdziałania zagrożeniom militarnym. W artykule zastosowano następujące metody badawcze: analizę literatury oraz aktów prawnych, analizę danych statystycznych.
EN
The state of security of Poland is a derivative of the rank that both the near and the distant perspective give defense to the state authorities. Poland’s security radically changed after adoption of the new political system. Poland became a member of the NATO and the European Union which enhanced its security. The purpose of the article was to analyze arms exports in 2013–2018 as a factor in building military security. Military security includes various activities in the area of national security, in particular in the field of counteracting military threats. The literature analysis, the legal acts and analysis of statistical data have been applied as methods of the research.
EN
The author of the article investigates the role and importance of Hannibal’s military equipment. Through the analysis of available literary sources, the author indicates imperfections of descriptions concerning this aspect of the Carthaginian’s activity. In addition, he draws attention to the characteristic form of siege weapons – as described in the sources, which allows for assuming some development tendencies in both modes of operating and kinds of Hannibal’s army combat equipment.
PL
W artykule omówiono zjawisko korupcji jako elementarnej kategorii zagrożeń dla bezpieczeństwa i zdolności bojowej sił zbrojnych RP oraz ekonomicznych interesów resortu obrony narodowej z perspektywy Służby Kontrwywiadu Wojskowego. Korupcja w SZ RP oraz na ich styku z otoczeniem społecznym przekłada się bezpośrednio na osłabienie możliwości ochrony podstawowych interesów bezpieczeństwa państwa. Służba Kontrwywiadu Wojskowego jest służbą specjalną powołaną do rozpoznawania, zapobiegania oraz wykrywania wszystkich przestępstw godzących w bezpieczeństwo potencjału obronnego państwa, SZ RP oraz jednostek organizacyjnych MON popełnianych przez żołnierzy, pracowników SZ RP i innych jednostek organizacyjnych MON, a także popełnionych we współdziałaniu z nimi.
EN
The article discusses the phenomenon of corruption as an elementary category of threats to national security and combat capability of the Armed Forces and the economic interests of national defence from the perspective of the Military Counterintelligence 218 PRZEGLĄD BEZPIECZEŃSTWA WEWNĘTRZNEGO 13/15 Service. Corruption in the Polish Armed Forces and in their relations with the social environment has a direct bearing on the weakening of the ability to protect the security of essential interests of the State. Military Counterintelligence Service is a special service established to identify, prevent and detect all crimes prejudicial to the security of the state defense potential, the Polish Armed Forces and other organizational units of the Ministry of Defence and crimes committed in co-operation with them.
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PL
Artyleria to podstawowe wyposażenie każdej armii. Opracowanie zawiera przegląd współczesnych korporacji i zakładów zbrojeniowych działających w krajach Europy, produkujących różne rodzaje broni artyleryjskiej wraz ze szczegółowym katalogiem wytwarzanego sprzętu. Dla lepszego przedstawienia sytuacji w tej branży przemysłu zbrojeniowego, rozmieszczenie i struktura produkcji artyleryjskiej została również ukazana w postaci graficznej. Ze względu na ograniczone możliwości objętościowe zawężono temat opracowania do tych producentów broni artyleryjskiej, którzy podpisali kontrakty na dostawy choćby z jedną armią w Europie. Dlatego nie będą brani pod uwagę np. producenci wyłącznie prototypów biorących udział w targach zbrojeniowych, i nie prowadzą produkcji masowej. Uwzględniono podział broni artyleryjskiej na kilka kategorii: artylerię lufową stacjonarną, artylerię lufową samobieżną oraz artylerię rakietową i przeciwlotniczą. Ze względu na powszechne zaliczanie do branży chemicznej, w opracowaniu pominięta została grupa producentów amunicji artyleryjskiej oraz producenci dział okrętowych, czołgowych i innych, nie stosowanych bezpośrednio w broni artyleryjskiej. Również pominięto wytwórców samych rakiet. Badanie kondycji przemysłu zbrojeniowego dokonano metodą analizy bieżącej sprawozdawczości instytucji badawczych przemysłu zbrojeniowego oraz kontroli zbrojeń. Pozwoliło to na sporządzenie syntezy w postaci mapy przemysłu zbrojeniowego Europy w gałęzi artyleryjskiej, co jest przedsięwziętym celem tego opracowania.
EN
Artillery is the basic equipment of every army. The study contains a review of contemporary corporations and armaments factories operating in European countries, producing various types of artillery weapons together with a detailed catalog of manufactured equipment. For better presentation of the situation in this industry of the armaments industry, the distribution and structure of artillery production has also been shown in graphic form. Due to the limited volume possibilities, the subject of the study was narrowed down to those producers of artillery weapons who signed contracts for deliveries with even one army in Europe. Therefore, for example, producers not conducting mass production, producing only prototypes participating in armaments fairs, was not taken into account. The division of artillery weapons into several categories is considered: stationary barrel artillery, self-propelled barrel artillery and rocket and antiaircraft artillery. Due to the common classification in the chemical industry, the study omitted a group of producers of artillery ammunition and manufacturers of ship, tank and other departments, not used directly in artillery weapons. Also missile rocket manufacturers were omitted. Research on the condition of the armaments industry was made by the method of analyzing the current reporting of research institutes of the armaments industry and arms control. This allowed for a synthesis in the form of a map of the European armaments industry in the artillery branch, which is the objective of this study.
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