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OWADY NISZCZĄCE ZABYTKI DREWNIANE

100%

Krajewski A.

Ochrona Zabytków

2003

issue 1-2

202-209

Due to the environmental conditions, dimension and significance of the damage caused by assorted species of insects feeding on wood in Poland the author proposed a division into six groups. Species included into groups IV, V and VI are shown in Photographs. Group I encompasses insects damaging dry timber : Hylotrupes bajulus L., Anobium punctatum De Geer, Ptilinius pectinicornis L., Lyctus sp. and rare species from the Oligomerus sp. genus. The second group is composed of two species which require moist timber, partially disintegrated by fungi, for the initial development of the larvae, which in time become so resilient to the decline of moisture that they are capable of feeding on timber that does not provide conditions for the development of fungi. The species in question are: Xestobium rufovillosum De Geer and the locally occurring Xestobium austiacum Reitt. The third group, less significant in contrast to its predecessors, is composed of insects damaging exclusively moisture-laden and fungi-ridden wood: Anobium pertinax L., Priobium carpini Hrbst., Nacerdes melanura L., Corymbia rubra L., Ergates faber L., Stereocorynes truncorum Germ., Cossonus parallelepipedus Herbst., Pselactus spadix Herbst. and Chalkophora mariana L. which rarely cause damage to formed timber. Insects in groups IV, V and VI are even less significant as pests attacking historical monuments. The fourth group includes those insects which damage wooden constructions and timber kept in storage or wooden raw material (Arhopalus rusticus L., Asemus striatum L. and certain species from the Siricidae family). The fifth group comprises insects inhabiting barked timber used in constructions: Callidium viloaceum L. and Ernobius mollis L. The sixth group is composed of insects which hollow formed timber in order to obtain nesting places. These insects, which are neither xylophagous nor use fungi developing on timber, include such species as: Dermesters sp., Lasius sp. and Camponotus sp. The author additionally indicated the possibility of damage incurred by certain species of wasps (Vespidae) to the surface of wood shielded with special protective-decorative substances. The article discusses assorted possibilities of protective prophylaxis and methods of combating various groups of insects.

Z badań nad zwalczaniem promieniami gamma owadów niszczących zabytki i muzealia. Część 2 - Odporność różnych gatunków

84%

Krajewski A.

Ochrona Zabytków

1997

issue 1

47-55

The first part of the research conducted upon various development stages found that gamma ray control of insects causing damage to historical monuments and museum exhibits requires doses which at least partially eliminate the possibility of a further feeding by the larvae (cf. „Ochrona Zabytkow” 1996, no. 4, p. 395-408). The following stage of research entailed experiments on the selection of suitable dosage for combating the larvae of several species. The system affiliation of those species, the number of larvae in the experiments, the applied doses, as well as the thermal conditions of the culture are presented in table 1. Test material was radiated in glass test tubes, without the culture medium, in the „Issliedovatiel” ionisation chamber of the VII Department of the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology in Warsaw. The radiation source was cobalt 60 Co. The experiments determined the various resistance to gamma rays on the part of particular species. The obtained results are contained in fig. 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6. The author resigned from a graphic presentation of the outcome in the case of Lepisma saccharina L. owing to the small number of the radiated groups of insects. Table data published by J. D. Bletchley in 1961 were used for comparative purposes (fig. 4). It was found that the dosage appropriate for combating pests causing damage to cultural property was equal to doses which produced effects within the following limits: discontinuation of further feeding — immediate death of larvae. The doses for particular species are: 1) Tinea pellionella L. — 2-3 kGy, 2) Anobium punctatum Deg. and Ptilinus pectinicornis L. — 2-3 kGy, 3) Stegobium paniceum L. and Lyctus brunneus Steph. — 1,5-3 kGy, 4) Antbrenus museorum L. — 1-3 kGy, 5) Hylotrupes bajulus L. — 0,5-2 kGy. These results demonstrate that also Lepisma saccharina L. does not belong to insects extremely resistant to gamma rays. The author discusses the outcome of experiments, which he confronts with earlier publications, and proposes hypotheses which could explain the differentiated resistance of the species under examination.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

2 Krajewski A.

1 2003

1 1997

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OWADY NISZCZĄCE ZABYTKI DREWNIANE

Z badań nad zwalczaniem promieniami gamma owadów niszczących zabytki i muzealia. Część 2 - Odporność różnych gatunków