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EN
regions of the country bordering Albania and Kosovo. The actions of Albanian separatists associated with National Liberation Army that aimed at making Albanian and Macedonian nationalities equal within the Republic resulted in an increase of anti‑Albanian attitudes that contributed to the Macedonian‑Albanian conflict. The six‑month fight was ended on 13 August 2001 when the peace agreement was signed in Ohrid. The agreement, which was accepted by both sides of the conflict, was more favourable for the Albanians since it made their status as citizens almost equal to that of Macedonians. A growing tension among the Albanian minority forced immediate implementation of the decisions included in the Ohrid Agreement. The European Union in cooperation with the OSCE and NATO played a key role in the process of stabilising the socio‑political situation. The police reform in the Republic of Macedonia was a crucial element of the Ohrid Agreement. The changes were to ensure proportional representation of all nationalities comprising the Macedonian society in law enforcement services. The European Union and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe conducted three stabilisation missions: one was a military mission – CONCORDIA, and two were police missions: PROXIMA and EUPAT.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the involvement of Poles in peacekeeping missions in Sub-Saharan Africa. The introduction characterises the significance of peacekeeping missions and their distinctive features. Attention is drawn to controversies surrounding such operations in the postcolonial world in the context of the Cold War rivalry between superpowers and the functioning of the United Nations. The participation of Poles in three missions is then discussed: in Nigeria, Ethiopia and Namibia. The article ends with a comparative analysis of the factors determining participation in operations (institutional and political determinants and – to a lesser extent – individual motives), as well as showing the evolution of the forms of involvement of Poles: from observers in Nigeria, through participants in a humanitarian mission in Ethiopia, to experts and logistics specialists in Namibia.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zaangażowania Polaków w misje pokojowe w Afryce Subsaharyjskiej. We wstępie scharakteryzowano znaczenie misji pokojowych, ich cechy dystynktywne. Zwrócono uwagę na kontrowersje towarzyszące operacjom w świecie postkolonialnym w kontekście zimnowojennej rywalizacji mocarstw oraz funkcjonowania ONZ. Następnie omówiono udział Polaków w trzech misjach: w Nigerii, Etiopii i Namibii. Artykuł kończy się analizą porównawczą czynników decydujących o udziale w operacjach (determinantów instytucjonalno-politycznych oraz – w mniejszym stopniu – pobudek indywidualnych), a także ukazaniem ewolucji form zaangażowania się Polaków: od obserwatorów w Nigerii, przez uczestników misji humanitarnej w Etiopii, do ekspertów i specjalistów z dziedziny logistyki w Namibii.
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