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Język czarnogórski na rozdrożu. Główne kierunki polityki językowej w Czarnogórze po 1991 roku

100%
Jaroszewski H.
Slavica Wratislaviensia
|
2017
|
vol. 165
157-168
EN
Montenegrin language is the youngest Slavonic language standard. The creation of Montenegrin language ultimately ended the process of disintegration of Serbo-Croat in the national languages. The current language situation in Montenegro is characterized by heterogeneous language policy. In the country there are three groups of linguists that have radically different views on the past, present and future the speech of Montenegrins. Autonomists (A. Čirgić, V. Nikcevic) believe that Montenegrin language is genetically and systematically separate entity, whose standard should be radically changed. Evolutionists (R. Glušica, I. Lakić) treat speech of Montenegrins as a standard code that is part of a polycentric language Serbo-Croatian, which standard only should be modificated. Integrationists (J. Stojanović, D. Bojović) recognize the Montenegrin language as political being and say that in the Montenegro operates only one standard language — standard Serbian. At the moment, the greatest influence over official language policy have autonomists. Thanks to Montenegrin education authorities the autonomists are officially codifying the Montenegrin language and prepare the curriculum of Montenegrin language for primary and secondary schools.
HR
Цногорски језик је најмлађи словенски стандардни језик. Његово проглашење коначно је завршило процес распада српскохрватског језика на посебне, националне стандарде. Дана­шњу језичку ситуацију у Црној Гори каратерише изразито хетерогена језичка политика. У зе­мљи постоје три неформалне скупине лингвиста, које се мећусобно разликују у погледима на прошлост, садашњост и будућност језика Црногораца. Аутономисти (Аднан Чиргић, Војислав Никчевић) сматрају да је црногорски језик генетски и системски посебан језик, чијег норму треба радикално променити. Еволуцијонисти (Рајка Глушица, Игор Лакић) сматрају да је говор Црногораца део полицентричног српскохрватског језика и истовремено посебан, стандардни језички код, чијег норму потребно је само модификовати. Интегралисти (Јелена Стојановић, Драга Бојовић) тврде да је црногорски језик само политичко биће, ана подручју Црне Горе још увек је у употреби само један језицки стандард – стандард српског језика. Чини се да у данашње време највећи утицај на црногорску језичку политику имају аутономисти, који су одлуком црно­горских државних институција добили могућност службене кодификације црногорског језика и припреме школских програма за црногорски језик.
2
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Rzeczywiste i urojone problemy standaryzacji kształcenia uniwersyteckiego (w obszarze nauk pedagogicznych)

80%
Wiatrowski Z.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia
|
2013
|
vol. 26
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issue 1-2
EN
Standarization of education has a long history and abundant literature. But the standarization for the needs of vocational education has been studied for few decades. Then, the European Qualifications Framework was implemented by the European Union in 2008. This step has increased the importance of the problem of standarization of university education. Apart from the real problems, substituted or even imaginary problems has appeared. The author of this study presented different aspects and opinions of standarization activities which are carried out in the higher education.
PL
Standaryzacja kształcenia ma długą historię i bogatą literaturę. W ostatnich dekadach XX wieku zajęto się szerzej standaryzacją na potrzeby edukacji zawodowej. Z kolei w pierwszej i drugiej dekadzie XXI wieku, w związku z wprowadzeniem przez Unię Europejską Europejskich Ram Kwalifikacji, szczególnie w odniesieniu do szkolnictwa wyższego, problemowi standaryzacji kształcenia uniwersyteckiego zaczęto nadawać znacznie szerszy wymiar. To jednak spowodowało, że oprócz problemów rzeczywistych zaczęły pojawiać się także problemy zastępcze, a nawet urojone. W prezentowanymopracowaniu zajęto się więc różnymi aspektami i ocenami  wrowadzonych obecnie działań standaryzacyjnych w szkolnictwie wyższym.
3
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On Concepts, Conceptual Systems and Terminology of Onomastics

80%
Włoskowicz W.
Onomastica
|
2018
|
vol. 62
73-98
EN
On Concepts, Conceptual Systems and Terminology of OnomasticsThe main aim of this paper is to propose a terminological approach to the standardization of onomastic terminology. Attention is paid to the primary importance of conceptual systems and to the onomasiological approach typical of terminological work. Terminology is presented as a discipline devoted primarily to the study of concepts. Then the main concepts of terminology are discussed and the relations between a conceptual system and a terminological system are explained. An outline of the issue of conceptual systems of onomastics and of their internal structure is made. Then two important metatheoretical concepts are introduced and defined: 1) the concept of theoretical legitimacy of concepts and 2) the concept of economy of conceptual systems. In the final part of the article, several suggestions concerning the standardization of onomastic terminology are made: 1) terms referring to concepts belonging to separate conceptual series are not to be used interchangeably; 2) terms based on different roots (in the English onomastic terminology: -onym, -onymy, -onomastics, in the Polish terminology: -onim, -onimia, -onomastyka) are to be reserved respectively for the concept of a single (type of) proper name, for the concept of a set of proper names and for the concept of a specific onomastic discipline; 3) concepts used or newly introduced in a text are to be defined clearly in onomastic works, 4) onomasticians aiming for standardization of onomastic terminology should start their work by (re)constructing conceptual system(s) of onomastics and only then assign terms to concepts; 5) one completely unitary conceptual (and terminological) system of onomastics cannot be achieved due to the theoretical pluralism of the discipline; 6) the first goal of any conceptual and terminological standardization of onomastics is to define its range: should the standardization cover the concepts of philological or general onomastics? should it cover only empirical (descriptive) concepts or highly abstract theoretical concepts as well?
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