The article presents Five Christian women who lived in the 1st, 2nd and 5th centuries. They are Perpethua, Macrina, and Marcela together with women that gathered around them and also Aegeria, Proba, Eudokia and Eucheria. The author shows that contrary to women living in pagan times, the aim of their intellectual activity were most of all matters concerning faith. That is why they concentrated on reading and studying the Bible, and contemplation of divine nature.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono sylwetki chrześcijanek żyjących między II/III a V w. Są to Perpetua, Makryna, Marcela wraz ze zgromadzonymi wokół niej kobietami oraz Egeria, Proba, Eudokia i Eucheria. Wykazano, iż – w przeciwieństwie do kobiet żyjących w czasach pogańskich – przedmiotem ich umysłowej aktywności były przede wszystkim sprawy związane z wiarą. Dlatego też koncentrowały się na studiowaniu Pisma Świętego, nauce języków biblijnych, zwiedzaniu miejsc związanych z Biblią, kontemplacji spraw boskich (mistyka). Autorka stwierdza, iż ich przykład przeczy mitowi milczącej i pokornej chrześcijanki.
Der Artikel weist auf drei Arten der frühesten Darstellungen des Kreuzes hin: crux dissimulata, die sogenannten Monograme und das lateinische Kreuz. Die gesammelten Darstellungen, die sich auf den christlichen Grabobiekten befinden, sind im Licht der patristischen Quellen interpretiert.
Ancient Christian literature is a source of an enormous wealth of information, including observations of the eating habits of the Roman Empire inhabitants in the fourth and fifth centuries. Due to the obvious reasons, those accounts are scarce as they are usually found on the margins of other descriptions. Moreover, the information provided does not shed much light on the dietary habits of the people in late antiquity. The accounts gathered by me have references to eating bread, vegetables, fish, meat (rarely), wine and olive oil. There are sporadic cases where the Fathers of the Church mention in their writings other products consumed by the inhabitants of the Roman Empire.
Hac in dissertatiuncula primum vocis laicos - laicus genesis, quae radices in traditione veterotestamentaria (lSm 21, 5; Ez 48, 15 et 22,16) necnon in traductionibus biblicis Aquilae, Theodotionis et Symmachi habet, exponitur. Deinde eiusdem vocis antiquissima Christiana notio, quae imprimis christianum non-sacerdotem significat, locis ex scriptis Clementis Romani, Clementis Alexandrini, Origenis, Hippolyti Romani, Tertulliani, Cypriani Carthaginiensis, Pontii Diaconi.
L'autore nella prima parte del articolo espone la attuale struttura del Centro (le autorita, le persone lavoratori, la biblioteca, il posto del lavoro scientifico), nella seconda invece parte raccoglie i frutti della sua trentenne attivita scientińca sui 7 piani (coordinare gli studi sull' antichita cristiana in Polonia - 30 nazionali conferenze patństiche, rianimare gli studi polacchi sull'archeologia e l'arte paleocristiana, elaborare la polacca bibliografia patristica, raccogliere la bibliografia di „voces", annodare i contatti e collaborazione eon altri centri patristici nazionali e stranieri, propagare il pensiero dei Padri con diversi modi - per le conferenze, le pubblicazioni e il periodico „Vox Patrum" - gia 35 volumi).
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