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1

Characteristic of Entities Subject to Corporate Tax and Structural Analysis of State Tax Revenues

100%
Słapczyński T.
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Finansów i Prawa w Bielsku-Białej
|
2018
|
issue 1
19-27
EN
Today taxes play a very important role, provide financial resources to the state budget and ensure its proper functioning. Taxes are the most important source of state income. In order for the state to develop and fulfill basic obligations towards citizens, it must have financial means at its disposal. The tax system, as a collection of taxes in a given country, must be created in a clear and transparent way so as to facilitate taxpayers' actions. The tax must be set at an appropriate level so that it does not adversely affect taxpayers, and must also provide adequate resources to the state budget. Corporate income tax, on the one hand, is a burden and a barrier to the development of legal persons who run a business, but is also a source of state budget revenue. Corporate income tax was introduced in Poland along with the establishment of a free market economy. This is an income tax that does not take into account the minimum tax-free amount and does not differentiate tax entities. Corporate income tax in Poland has undergone a number of important transformations, especially after the accession of Poland to the European Union. Tax rates have been systematically reduced since the early 1990s. Corporate income tax should be particularly convenient for entrepreneurs, and should not act destructively because the number of entrepreneurs in the state determines the level of economic and industrial development. This is even more important since, after Poland's accession to the European Union, the transfer of a business to another EU member state no longer constitutes a problem. Attractive income tax also attracts foreign investors for whom the aspect related to easy accounting is vital. The aim of the publication is to discuss the issues related to the Polish corporate income tax i.e. tax management in an enterprise, the application of discounts and exemptions and also issues related to state income from corporate income tax and the income lost due to relief and dismissals. The paper also touches upon issues related to the construction of Polish corporate income tax, subject, object and the basis of this tax. It also covers the scale and rates of taxation, exemptions and reductions from corporate tax and a summary of the efficiency and favorability of entrepreneurs for the provisions of this tax. The work is based on a critical analysis of literature on the subject.
2
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PODATNICY PODLEGAJĄCY PODATKOWI DOCHODOWEMU OD OSÓB PRAWNYCH – STATYSTYKI DOTYCZĄCE WPŁYWÓW PODATKOWYCH

63%
Słapczyński T.
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
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2018
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vol. 2
|
issue XVIII
215-232
PL
Podatek dochodowy od osób prawnych został wprowadzony w Polsce wraz z ustanowieniem gospodarki wolnorynkowej. Przeszedł on szereg ważnych transformacji, przede wszystkim po wejściu Polski do Unii Europejskiej. Stawki podatkowe od początku lat dziewięćdziesiątych były systematycznie zmniejszane. Dogodny podatek dochodowy przyciąga także inwestorów zagranicznych, dla których aspekt związany z łatwym rozliczaniem się z fiskusem jest jednym z kluczowych. Opracowanie ma na celu przybliżenie problematyki polskiego podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych. Podjęto w nim próbę ujęcia problemów związanych z zarządzaniem podatkami w przedsiębiorstwie, ze stosowaniem ulg i zwolnień przez przedsiębiorców, a także problemy związane z dochodami państwa z podatku dochodowego od osób prawnych oraz z wpływami utraconymi przez stosowanie ulg i zwolnień. Analizie poddane zostały dane dotyczące dochodów państwa z poszczególnych podatków oraz ilość podmiotów podlegających podatkowi w latach 2015-2016 oraz ich wpływ na dochody.
EN
Corporate income tax was introduced in Poland along with the establishment of a free market economy. This is a income tax that does not take into account the minimum tax- -free and does not differentiate tax entities. Corporate income tax in Poland has undergone a number of important transformations, especially after the accession of Poland to the European Union. Tax rates have been systematically reduced since the early 1990s. Corporate income tax should be particularly convenient for entrepreneurs, and should not act destructively because the number of entrepreneurs in the state determines the level of economic and industrial development. This is even more important since, after Poland’s accession to the European Union, the transfer of the company to another country belonging to the community is no more a problem. The attractive income tax also attracts foreign investors for whom the aspect related to easy accounting is one of the key. The aim of the work is to bring the issue of Polish corporate income tax. It tries to address issues related to tax management in an enterprise, with the application of discounts and exemptions by entrepreneurs and also issues related to state income from corporate income tax and the income lost by the use of relief and dismissals.
3

Wpływ kryzysu finansowego na politykę podatkową Republiki Irlandii

63%
Niżnik J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
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2014
|
issue 8(932)
63-77
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i ocena działań prowadzonych przez rząd Irlandii dotyczących zmian w systemie podatkowym i ich wpływu na kształtowanie się dochodów podatkowych. Scharakteryzowano system podatków centralnych Irlandii w latach 2003–2014, wskazano podstawowe elementy ich konstrukcji oraz uwzględniono modyfikacje przeprowadzone na skutek kryzysu. Pokazano, że rząd Irlandii wprowadził istotne zmiany jedynie w podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych i podatkach kapitałowych, podnosząc stawki podatkowe, obniżając i znosząc ulgi podatkowe czy też wprowadzając nowe obciążenia w postaci podatku od instytucji finansowych i podatku od bogactwa. Działania władz publicznych należy uznać za racjonalne, bowiem podatek od dochodów osób fizycznych jest w Irlandii najbardziej wydajnym źródłem dochodów podatkowych i wprowadzone modyfikacje wpłynęły na wzrost wpływów z tego tytułu, a tym samym dochodów podatkowych ogółem.
EN
The aim of this paper is to present and evaluate the changes introduced by the Irish government in the tax system and their influence on tax revenues. The first part offers a brief summary of the overall structure of the state tax system, identifying elements of tax construction and the changes caused by the financial crisis. The second part focuses on the major changes in personal income tax and capital taxes, which entailed raising the tax rate, the reduction and abolition of tax relief and the introduction of new taxes, such as a levy on financial institutions and the domicile levy. The other taxes have hardly been modified but their share of, and influence on, tax revenue is less significant.
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